GoogleCloudPlatform
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+# Samples
+
+All the samples are self contained unless they are placed inside their own folders. The samples use [Application Default Credentails (ADC)](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#automatically) to authenticate with GCP. So make sure ADC is setup correctly _(i.e. `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` environment variable is set)_ before running the samples. Some sample might require additional python modules to be installed.
+
+You can run samples as follows:
+
+```python
+python <sample_name.py> <arg1> <arg2> ...
+```
+
+You can run the following command to find the usage and arguments for the samples:
+
+```python
+python <sample_name.py> -h
+```
+```bash
+# example
+python quickstart.py -h
+
+usage: quickstart.py [-h] project_id zone
+
+positional arguments:
+  project_id  Google Cloud project ID
+  zone        GKE Cluster zone
+
+optional arguments:
+  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+```
+
+### Quickstart sample
+- [**quickstart.py**](quickstart.py): A simple example to list the GKE clusters in a given GCP project and zone. The sample uses the [`list_clusters()`](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/container/latest/google.cloud.container_v1.services.cluster_manager.ClusterManagerClient#google_cloud_container_v1_services_cluster_manager_ClusterManagerClient_list_clusters) API to fetch the list of cluster. 
+
+
+### Long running operation sample
+
+The following samples are examples of operations that take a while to complete.
+For example _creating a cluster_ in GKE can take a while to set up the cluster
+nodes, networking and configuring Kubernetes. Thus, calls to such long running
+APIs return an object of type [`Operation`](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/container/latest/google.cloud.container_v1.types.Operation). We can
+then use the id of the returned operation to **poll** the [`get_operation()`](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/container/latest/google.cloud.container_v1.services.cluster_manager.ClusterManagerClient#google_cloud_container_v1_services_cluster_manager_ClusterManagerClient_get_operation) API to check for it's status. You can see the
+different statuses it can be in, in [this proto definition](https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis/blob/master/google/container/v1/cluster_service.proto#L1763-L1778).
+
+- [**create_cluster.py**](create_cluster.py): An example of creating a GKE cluster _(with mostly the defaults)_. This example shows how to handle responses of type [`Operation`](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/container/latest/google.cloud.container_v1.types.Operation) that reperesents a long running operation. The example uses the python module [`backoff`](https://github.com/litl/backoff) to handle a graceful exponential backoff retry mechanism to check if the `Operation` has completed.
+
+- [**delete_cluster.py**](delete_cluster.py): An example of deleting a GKE cluster. This example shows how to handle responses of type [`Operation`](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/container/latest/google.cloud.container_v1.types.Operation) that reperesents a long running operation.
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# [START gke_create_cluster]
+import argparse
+import sys
+from typing import Dict
+
+import backoff
+from google.cloud import container_v1
+
+
+def on_success(details: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """
+    A handler function to pass into the retry backoff algorithm as the function
+    to be executed upon a successful attempt.
+
+    Read the `Event handlers` section of the backoff python module at:
+    https://pypi.org/project/backoff/
+    """
+    print("Successfully created cluster after {elapsed:0.1f} seconds".format(**details))
+
+
+def on_failure(details: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """
+    A handler function to pass into the retry backoff algorithm as the function
+    to be executed upon a failed attempt.
+
+    Read the `Event handlers` section of the backoff python module at:
+    https://pypi.org/project/backoff/
+    """
+    print("Backing off {wait:0.1f} seconds after {tries} tries".format(**details))
+
+
+@backoff.on_predicate(
+    # the backoff algorithm to use. we use exponential backoff here
+    backoff.expo,
+    # the test function on the return value to determine if a retry is necessary
+    lambda x: x != container_v1.Operation.Status.DONE,
+    # maximum number of times to retry before giving up
+    max_tries=20,
+    # function to execute upon a failure and when a retry a scheduled
+    on_backoff=on_failure,
+    # function to execute upon a successful attempt and no more retries needed
+    on_success=on_success,
+)
+def poll_for_op_status(
+    client: container_v1.ClusterManagerClient, op_id: str
+) -> container_v1.Operation.Status:
+    """
+    This function calls the Operation API in GCP with the given operation id. It
+    serves as a simple retry function that fetches the operation and returns
+    it's status.
+
+    We use the 'backoff' python module to provide us the implementation of the
+    backoff & retry strategy. The function is annotated with the `backoff`
+    python module to schedule this function based on a reasonable backoff
+    algorithm.
+    """
+
+    op = client.get_operation({"name": op_id})
+    return op.status
+
+
+def create_cluster(project_id: str, location: str, cluster_name: str) -> None:
+    """Create a new GKE cluster in the given GCP Project and Zone"""
+    # Initialize the Cluster management client.
+    client = container_v1.ClusterManagerClient()
+    # Create a fully qualified location identifier of form `projects/{project_id}/location/{zone}'.
+    cluster_location = client.common_location_path(project_id, location)
+    cluster_def = {
+        "name": cluster_name,
+        "initial_node_count": 2,
+        "node_config": {"machine_type": "e2-standard-2"},
+    }
+    # Create the request object with the location identifier.
+    request = {"parent": cluster_location, "cluster": cluster_def}
+    create_response = client.create_cluster(request)
+    op_identifier = f"{cluster_location}/operations/{create_response.name}"
+    # poll for the operation status and schedule a retry until the cluster is created
+    poll_for_op_status(client, op_identifier)
+
+
+# [END gke_create_cluster]
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("project_id", help="Google Cloud project ID")
+    parser.add_argument("zone", help="GKE Cluster zone")
+    parser.add_argument("cluster_name", help="Name to be given to the GKE Cluster")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        parser.print_usage()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    create_cluster(args.project_id, args.zone, args.cluster_name)
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+import uuid
+
+import backoff
+
+from google.cloud import container_v1 as gke
+
+import pytest
+
+import create_cluster as gke_create
+
+PROJECT_ID = os.environ["GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT"]
+ZONE = "us-central1-b"
+CLUSTER_NAME = f"py-container-repo-test-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:10]}"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def setup_and_tear_down() -> None:
+
+    # nohing to setup here
+
+    # run the tests here
+    yield
+
+    # delete the cluster
+    client = gke.ClusterManagerClient()
+    cluster_location = client.common_location_path(PROJECT_ID, ZONE)
+    cluster_name = f"{cluster_location}/clusters/{CLUSTER_NAME}"
+    op = client.delete_cluster({"name": cluster_name})
+    op_id = f"{cluster_location}/operations/{op.name}"
+
+    # schedule a retry to ensure the cluster is deleted
+    @backoff.on_predicate(
+        backoff.expo, lambda x: x != gke.Operation.Status.DONE, max_tries=20
+    )
+    def wait_for_delete() -> gke.Operation.Status:
+        return client.get_operation({"name": op_id}).status
+
+    wait_for_delete()
+
+
+def test_create_clusters(capsys: object) -> None:
+    gke_create.create_cluster(PROJECT_ID, ZONE, CLUSTER_NAME)
+    out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+
+    assert "Backing off " in out
+    assert "Successfully created cluster after" in out
+
+    client = gke.ClusterManagerClient()
+    cluster_location = client.common_location_path(PROJECT_ID, ZONE)
+    list_response = client.list_clusters({"parent": cluster_location})
+
+    list_of_clusters = []
+    for cluster in list_response.clusters:
+        list_of_clusters.append(cluster.name)
+
+    assert CLUSTER_NAME in list_of_clusters
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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# [START gke_delete_cluster]
+import argparse
+import sys
+from typing import Dict
+
+import backoff
+from google.cloud import container_v1
+
+
+def on_success(details: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """
+    A handler function to pass into the retry backoff algorithm as the function
+    to be executed upon a successful attempt.
+
+    Read the `Event handlers` section of the backoff python module at:
+    https://pypi.org/project/backoff/
+    """
+    print("Successfully deleted cluster after {elapsed:0.1f} seconds".format(**details))
+
+
+def on_failure(details: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """
+    A handler function to pass into the retry backoff algorithm as the function
+    to be executed upon a failed attempt.
+
+    Read the `Event handlers` section of the backoff python module at:
+    https://pypi.org/project/backoff/
+    """
+    print("Backing off {wait:0.1f} seconds after {tries} tries".format(**details))
+
+
+@backoff.on_predicate(
+    # the backoff algorithm to use. we use exponential backoff here
+    backoff.expo,
+    # the test function on the return value to determine if a retry is necessary
+    lambda x: x != container_v1.Operation.Status.DONE,
+    # maximum number of times to retry before giving up
+    max_tries=20,
+    # function to execute upon a failure and when a retry is scheduled
+    on_backoff=on_failure,
+    # function to execute upon a successful attempt and no more retries needed
+    on_success=on_success,
+)
+def poll_for_op_status(
+    client: container_v1.ClusterManagerClient, op_id: str
+) -> container_v1.Operation.Status:
+    """
+    A simple retry function that fetches the operation and returns it's status.
+
+    The function is annotated with the `backoff` python module to schedule this
+    function based on a reasonable backoff algorithm
+    """
+
+    op = client.get_operation({"name": op_id})
+    return op.status
+
+
+def delete_cluster(project_id: str, location: str, cluster_name: str) -> None:
+    """Delete an existing GKE cluster in the given GCP Project and Zone"""
+
+    # Initialize the Cluster management client.
+    client = container_v1.ClusterManagerClient()
+    # Create a fully qualified location identifier of form `projects/{project_id}/location/{zone}'.
+    cluster_location = client.common_location_path(project_id, location)
+    cluster_name = f"{cluster_location}/clusters/{cluster_name}"
+    # Create the request object with the location identifier.
+    request = {"name": cluster_name}
+    delete_response = client.delete_cluster(request)
+    op_identifier = f"{cluster_location}/operations/{delete_response.name}"
+    # poll for the operation status until the cluster is deleted
+    poll_for_op_status(client, op_identifier)
+
+
+# [END gke_delete_cluster]
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("project_id", help="Google Cloud project ID")
+    parser.add_argument("zone", help="GKE Cluster zone")
+    parser.add_argument("cluster_name", help="Name to be given to the GKE Cluster")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        parser.print_usage()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    delete_cluster(args.project_id, args.zone, args.cluster_name)