bpart: Start enforcing minimum world age for const bparts (#57102)

Currently, even though the binding partition system is implemented, it
is largely enabled. New `const` definitions get magically "backdated" to
the first world age in which the binding was undefined.

Additionally, they do not get their own world age and there is currently
no `latestworld` marker after `const` definitions. This PR changes this
situation to give const markers their own world age with appropriate
`latestworld` increments. Both of these are mandatory for `const`
replacement to work.

The other thing this PR does is prepare to remove the automatic "backdating". To
see the difference, consider:

```
function foo($i)
    Core.eval(:(const x = $i))
    x
end
```

Without an intervening world age increment, this will throw an
UndefVarError on this PR. I believe this is the best option for two
reasons:

1. It will allow us infer these to `Union{}` in the future (thus letting
inference prune dead code faster).
2. I think it is less confusing in terms of the world age semantics for
`const` definitions to become active only after they are defined.

To illustrate the second point, suppose we did keep the automatic
backdating. Then we would have:
```
foo(1) => 1
foo(2) => 1
foo(3) => 2
```
as opposed to on this PR:
```
foo(1) => UndefVarError
foo(2) => 1
foo(3) => 2
```

The semantics are consistent, of course, but I am concerned that an
automatic backdating will give users the wrong mental model about world
age, since it "fixes itself" the first time, but if you Revise it, it
will give an unexpected answer. I think this would encourage
accidentally bad code patterns that only break under Revise (where they
are hard to debug).

The counterpoint of course is that that not backdating is a more
breaking choice. As with the rest of the 1.12-era world age semantics
changes, I think taking a look at PkgEval will be helpful.

Author: Keno

Compiler/src/abstractinterpretation.jl

@@ -3456,10 +3456,10 @@ world_range(ir::IRCode) = ir.valid_worlds
 world_range(ci::CodeInfo) = WorldRange(ci.min_world, ci.max_world)
 world_range(compact::IncrementalCompact) = world_range(compact.ir)
 
-function force_binding_resolution!(g::GlobalRef)
+function force_binding_resolution!(g::GlobalRef, world::UInt)
     # Force resolution of the binding
     # TODO: This will go away once we switch over to fully partitioned semantics
-    ccall(:jl_globalref_boundp, Cint, (Any,), g)
+    ccall(:jl_force_binding_resolution, Cvoid, (Any, Csize_t), g, world)
     return nothing
 end
 
@@ -3477,7 +3477,7 @@ function abstract_eval_globalref_type(g::GlobalRef, src::Union{CodeInfo, IRCode,
             # This method is surprisingly hot. For performance, don't ask the runtime to resolve
             # the binding unless necessary - doing so triggers an additional lookup, which though
             # not super expensive is hot enough to show up in benchmarks.
-            force_binding_resolution!(g)
+            force_binding_resolution!(g, min_world(worlds))
             return abstract_eval_globalref_type(g, src, false)
         end
         # return Union{}
@@ -3490,7 +3490,7 @@ function abstract_eval_globalref_type(g::GlobalRef, src::Union{CodeInfo, IRCode,
 end
 
 function lookup_binding_partition!(interp::AbstractInterpreter, g::GlobalRef, sv::AbsIntState)
-    force_binding_resolution!(g)
+    force_binding_resolution!(g, get_inference_world(interp))
     partition = lookup_binding_partition(get_inference_world(interp), g)
     update_valid_age!(sv, WorldRange(partition.min_world, partition.max_world))
     partition
@@ -3539,7 +3539,8 @@ function abstract_eval_globalref(interp::AbstractInterpreter, g::GlobalRef, saw_
     partition = abstract_eval_binding_partition!(interp, g, sv)
     ret = abstract_eval_partition_load(interp, partition)
     if ret.rt !== Union{} && ret.exct === UndefVarError && InferenceParams(interp).assume_bindings_static
-        if isdefined(g, :binding) && isdefined(g.binding, :value)
+        b = convert(Core.Binding, g)
+        if isdefined(b, :value)
             ret = RTEffects(ret.rt, Union{}, Effects(generic_getglobal_effects, nothrow=true))
         end
         # We do not assume in general that assigned global bindings remain assigned.

Compiler/src/optimize.jl

@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ function convert_to_ircode(ci::CodeInfo, sv::OptimizationState)
     # types of call arguments only once `slot2reg` converts this `IRCode` to the SSA form
     # and eliminates slots (see below)
     argtypes = sv.slottypes
-    return IRCode(stmts, sv.cfg, di, argtypes, meta, sv.sptypes, WorldRange(ci.min_world, ci.max_world))
+    return IRCode(stmts, sv.cfg, di, argtypes, meta, sv.sptypes, world_range(ci))
 end
 
 function process_meta!(meta::Vector{Expr}, @nospecialize stmt)

Compiler/src/ssair/ir.jl

@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ struct IRCode
     function IRCode(stmts::InstructionStream, cfg::CFG, debuginfo::DebugInfoStream,
                     argtypes::Vector{Any}, meta::Vector{Expr}, sptypes::Vector{VarState},
                     valid_worlds=WorldRange(typemin(UInt), typemax(UInt)))
-        return new(stmts, argtypes, sptypes, debuginfo, cfg, NewNodeStream(), meta)
+        return new(stmts, argtypes, sptypes, debuginfo, cfg, NewNodeStream(), meta, valid_worlds)
     end
     function IRCode(ir::IRCode, stmts::InstructionStream, cfg::CFG, new_nodes::NewNodeStream)
         di = ir.debuginfo
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ function process_node!(compact::IncrementalCompact, result_idx::Int, inst::Instr
         result[result_idx][:stmt] = GotoNode(label)
         result_idx += 1
     elseif isa(stmt, GlobalRef)
-        total_flags = IR_FLAG_CONSISTENT | IR_FLAG_EFFECT_FREE
+        total_flags = IR_FLAG_CONSISTENT | IR_FLAG_EFFECT_FREE | IR_FLAG_NOTHROW
         flag = result[result_idx][:flag]
         if has_flag(flag, total_flags)
             ssa_rename[idx] = stmt

Compiler/src/ssair/legacy.jl

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function inflate_ir!(ci::CodeInfo, sptypes::Vector{VarState}, argtypes::Vector{A
     di = DebugInfoStream(nothing, ci.debuginfo, nstmts)
     stmts = InstructionStream(code, ssavaluetypes, info, di.codelocs, ci.ssaflags)
     meta = Expr[]
-    return IRCode(stmts, cfg, di, argtypes, meta, sptypes, WorldRange(ci.min_world, ci.max_world))
+    return IRCode(stmts, cfg, di, argtypes, meta, sptypes, world_range(ci))
 end
 
 """

Compiler/src/ssair/verify.jl

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ end
 
 if !isdefined(@__MODULE__, Symbol("@verify_error"))
     macro verify_error(arg)
-        arg isa String && return esc(:(print && println(stderr, $arg)))
+        arg isa String && return esc(:(print && println($(GlobalRef(Core, :stderr)), $arg)))
         isexpr(arg, :string) || error("verify_error macro expected a string expression")
         pushfirst!(arg.args, GlobalRef(Core, :stderr))
         pushfirst!(arg.args, :println)
@@ -61,8 +61,14 @@ function check_op(ir::IRCode, domtree::DomTree, @nospecialize(op), use_bb::Int,
             raise_error()
         end
     elseif isa(op, GlobalRef)
-        if !isdefined(op.mod, op.name) || !isconst(op.mod, op.name)
-            @verify_error "Unbound GlobalRef not allowed in value position"
+        force_binding_resolution!(op, min_world(ir.valid_worlds))
+        bpart = lookup_binding_partition(min_world(ir.valid_worlds), op)
+        while is_some_imported(binding_kind(bpart)) && max_world(ir.valid_worlds) <= bpart.max_world
+            imported_binding = partition_restriction(bpart)::Core.Binding
+            bpart = lookup_binding_partition(min_world(ir.valid_worlds), imported_binding)
+        end
+        if !is_defined_const_binding(binding_kind(bpart)) || (bpart.max_world < max_world(ir.valid_worlds))
+            @verify_error "Unbound or partitioned GlobalRef not allowed in value position"
             raise_error()
         end
     elseif isa(op, Expr)

Compiler/src/tfuncs.jl

@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ function _getfield_tfunc_const(@nospecialize(sv), name::Const)
     if isa(sv, DataType) && nv == DATATYPE_TYPES_FIELDINDEX && isdefined(sv, nv)
         return Const(getfield(sv, nv))
     end
-    if isconst(typeof(sv), nv)
+    if !isa(sv, Module) && isconst(typeof(sv), nv)
         if isdefined(sv, nv)
             return Const(getfield(sv, nv))
         end

Compiler/test/inline.jl

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ end
 
     (src, _) = only(code_typed(sum27403, Tuple{Vector{Int}}))
     @test !any(src.code) do x
-        x isa Expr && x.head === :invoke && x.args[2] !== Core.GlobalRef(Base, :throw_boundserror)
+        x isa Expr && x.head === :invoke && !(x.args[2] in (Core.GlobalRef(Base, :throw_boundserror), Base.throw_boundserror))
     end
 end
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ end
 const _a_global_array = [1]
 f_inline_global_getindex() = _a_global_array[1]
 let ci = code_typed(f_inline_global_getindex, Tuple{})[1].first
-    @test any(x->(isexpr(x, :call) && x.args[1] === GlobalRef(Base, :memoryrefget)), ci.code)
+    @test any(x->(isexpr(x, :call) && x.args[1] in (GlobalRef(Base, :memoryrefget), Base.memoryrefget)), ci.code)
 end
 
 # Issue #29114 & #36087 - Inlining of non-tuple splats

base/Base.jl

@@ -401,6 +401,7 @@ end
 # we know whether the .ji can just give the Base copy or not.
 # TODO: We may want to do this earlier to avoid TOCTOU issues.
 const _compiler_require_dependencies = Any[]
+@Core.latestworld
 for i = 1:length(_included_files)
     isassigned(_included_files, i) || continue
     (mod, file) = _included_files[i]

base/client.jl

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ function exec_options(opts)
         elseif cmd == 'm'
             entrypoint = push!(split(arg, "."), "main")
             Base.eval(Main, Expr(:import, Expr(:., Symbol.(entrypoint)...)))
-            if !should_use_main_entrypoint()
+            if !invokelatest(should_use_main_entrypoint)
                 error("`main` in `$arg` not declared as entry point (use `@main` to do so)")
             end
             return false
@@ -408,8 +408,7 @@ function load_InteractiveUtils(mod::Module=Main)
             return nothing
         end
     end
-    Core.eval(mod, :(using Base.MainInclude.InteractiveUtils))
-    return MainInclude.InteractiveUtils
+    return Core.eval(mod, :(using Base.MainInclude.InteractiveUtils; Base.MainInclude.InteractiveUtils))
 end
 
 function load_REPL()
@@ -556,11 +555,12 @@ function _start()
     local ret = 0
     try
         repl_was_requested = exec_options(JLOptions())
-        if should_use_main_entrypoint() && !is_interactive
+        if invokelatest(should_use_main_entrypoint) && !is_interactive
+            main = invokelatest(getglobal, Main, :main)
             if Base.generating_output()
-                precompile(Main.main, (typeof(ARGS),))
+                precompile(main, (typeof(ARGS),))
             else
-                ret = invokelatest(Main.main, ARGS)
+                ret = invokelatest(main, ARGS)
             end
         elseif (repl_was_requested || is_interactive)
             # Run the Base `main`, which will either load the REPL stdlib

base/essentials.jl

@@ -1266,6 +1266,9 @@ arbitrary code in fixed worlds. `world` may be `UnitRange`, in which case the ma
 will error unless the binding is valid and has the same value across the entire world
 range.
 
+As a special case, the world `∞` always refers to the latest world, even if that world
+is newer than the world currently running.
+
 The `@world` macro is primarily used in the printing of bindings that are no longer
 available in the current world.
 
@@ -1290,6 +1293,9 @@ julia> fold
     This functionality requires at least Julia 1.12.
 """
 macro world(sym, world)
+    if world == :∞
+        world = Expr(:call, get_world_counter)
+    end
     if isa(sym, Symbol)
         return :($(_resolve_in_world)($(esc(world)), $(QuoteNode(GlobalRef(__module__, sym)))))
     elseif isa(sym, GlobalRef)

base/loading.jl

@@ -2364,6 +2364,18 @@ function require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
     return invoke_in_world(world, __require, into, mod)
 end
 
+function check_for_hint(into, mod)
+    return begin
+        if isdefined(into, mod) && getfield(into, mod) isa Module
+            true, "."
+        elseif isdefined(parentmodule(into), mod) && getfield(parentmodule(into), mod) isa Module
+            true, ".."
+        else
+            false, ""
+        end
+    end
+end
+
 function __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
     if into === __toplevel__ && generating_output(#=incremental=#true)
         error("`using/import $mod` outside of a Module detected. Importing a package outside of a module \
@@ -2377,15 +2389,7 @@ function __require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
         if uuidkey_env === nothing
             where = PkgId(into)
             if where.uuid === nothing
-                hint, dots = begin
-                    if isdefined(into, mod) && getfield(into, mod) isa Module
-                        true, "."
-                    elseif isdefined(parentmodule(into), mod) && getfield(parentmodule(into), mod) isa Module
-                        true, ".."
-                    else
-                        false, ""
-                    end
-                end
+                hint, dots = invokelatest(check_for_hint, into, mod)
                 hint_message = hint ? ", maybe you meant `import/using $(dots)$(mod)`" : ""
                 install_message = if mod != :Pkg
                     start_sentence = hint ? "Otherwise, run" : "Run"

base/logging/logging.jl

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ function logmsg_code(_module, file, line, level, message, exs...)
                     kwargs = (;$(log_data.kwargs...))
                     true
                 else
-                    @invokelatest logging_error(logger, level, _module, group, id, file, line, err, false)
+                    @invokelatest $(logging_error)(logger, level, _module, group, id, file, line, err, false)
                     false
                 end
             end
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ function logmsg_code(_module, file, line, level, message, exs...)
                 kwargs = (;$(log_data.kwargs...))
                 true
             catch err
-                @invokelatest logging_error(logger, level, _module, group, id, file, line, err, true)
+                @invokelatest $(logging_error)(logger, level, _module, group, id, file, line, err, true)
                 false
             end
         end

base/reflection.jl

@@ -1362,6 +1362,18 @@ macro invoke(ex)
     return esc(out)
 end
 
+apply_gr(gr::GlobalRef, @nospecialize args...) = getglobal(gr.mod, gr.name)(args...)
+apply_gr_kw(@nospecialize(kwargs::NamedTuple), gr::GlobalRef, @nospecialize args...) = Core.kwcall(kwargs, getglobal(gr.mod, gr.name), args...)
+
+function invokelatest_gr(gr::GlobalRef, @nospecialize args...; kwargs...)
+    @inline
+    kwargs = merge(NamedTuple(), kwargs)
+    if isempty(kwargs)
+        return Core._call_latest(apply_gr, gr, args...)
+    end
+    return Core._call_latest(apply_gr_kw, kwargs, gr, args...)
+end
+
 """
     @invokelatest f(args...; kwargs...)
 
@@ -1375,22 +1387,11 @@ It also supports the following syntax:
 - `@invokelatest xs[i]` expands to `Base.invokelatest(getindex, xs, i)`
 - `@invokelatest xs[i] = v` expands to `Base.invokelatest(setindex!, xs, v, i)`
 
-```jldoctest
-julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest f(x; kw=kwv)
-:(Base.invokelatest(f, x; kw = kwv))
-
-julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest x.f
-:(Base.invokelatest(Base.getproperty, x, :f))
-
-julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest x.f = v
-:(Base.invokelatest(Base.setproperty!, x, :f, v))
-
-julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest xs[i]
-:(Base.invokelatest(Base.getindex, xs, i))
-
-julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest xs[i] = v
-:(Base.invokelatest(Base.setindex!, xs, v, i))
-```
+!!! note
+    If `f` is a global, it will be resolved consistently
+    in the (latest) world as the call target. However, all other arguments
+    (as well as `f` itself if it is not a literal global) will be evaluated
+    in the current world age.
 
 !!! compat "Julia 1.7"
     This macro requires Julia 1.7 or later.
@@ -1404,11 +1405,45 @@ julia> @macroexpand @invokelatest xs[i] = v
 macro invokelatest(ex)
     topmod = _topmod(__module__)
     f, args, kwargs = destructure_callex(topmod, ex)
-    out = Expr(:call, GlobalRef(Base, :invokelatest))
-    isempty(kwargs) || push!(out.args, Expr(:parameters, kwargs...))
-    push!(out.args, f)
-    append!(out.args, args)
-    return esc(out)
+
+    if !isa(f, GlobalRef)
+        out_f = Expr(:call, GlobalRef(Base, :invokelatest))
+        isempty(kwargs) || push!(out_f.args, Expr(:parameters, kwargs...))
+
+        if isexpr(f, :(.))
+            s = gensym()
+            check = quote
+                $s = $(f.args[1])
+                isa($s, Module)
+            end
+            push!(out_f.args, Expr(:(.), s, f.args[2]))
+        else
+            push!(out_f.args, f)
+        end
+        append!(out_f.args, args)
+
+        if @isdefined(s)
+            f = :(GlobalRef($s, $(f.args[2])))
+        elseif !isa(f, Symbol)
+            return esc(out_f)
+        else
+            check = :($(Expr(:isglobal, f)))
+        end
+    end
+
+    out_gr = Expr(:call, GlobalRef(Base, :invokelatest_gr))
+    isempty(kwargs) || push!(out_gr.args, Expr(:parameters, kwargs...))
+    push!(out_gr.args, isa(f, GlobalRef) ? QuoteNode(f) :
+                       isa(f, Symbol) ? QuoteNode(GlobalRef(__module__, f)) :
+                       f)
+    append!(out_gr.args, args)
+
+    if isa(f, GlobalRef)
+        return esc(out_gr)
+    end
+
+    # f::Symbol
+    return esc(:($check ? $out_gr : $out_f))
 end
 
 function destructure_callex(topmod::Module, @nospecialize(ex))

base/runtime_internals.jl

@@ -239,12 +239,16 @@ function lookup_binding_partition(world::UInt, b::Core.Binding)
     ccall(:jl_get_binding_partition, Ref{Core.BindingPartition}, (Any, UInt), b, world)
 end
 
-function lookup_binding_partition(world::UInt, gr::Core.GlobalRef)
+function convert(::Type{Core.Binding}, gr::Core.GlobalRef)
     if isdefined(gr, :binding)
-        b = gr.binding
+        return gr.binding
     else
-        b = ccall(:jl_get_module_binding, Ref{Core.Binding}, (Any, Any, Cint), gr.mod, gr.name, true)
+        return ccall(:jl_get_module_binding, Ref{Core.Binding}, (Any, Any, Cint), gr.mod, gr.name, true)
     end
+end
+
+function lookup_binding_partition(world::UInt, gr::Core.GlobalRef)
+    b = convert(Core.Binding, gr)
     return lookup_binding_partition(world, b)
 end
 
@@ -420,7 +424,11 @@ end
 """
     isconst(t::DataType, s::Union{Int,Symbol}) -> Bool
 
-Determine whether a field `s` is declared `const` in a given type `t`.
+Determine whether a field `s` is const in a given type `t`
+in the sense that a read from said field is consistent
+for egal objects. Note in particular that out-of-bounds
+fields are considered const under this definition (because
+they always throw).
 """
 function isconst(@nospecialize(t::Type), s::Symbol)
     @_foldable_meta