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Funcionalidade específica do Chrome
Chrome
4
Estas capacidades e características são específicas ao navegador Google Chrome.
/pt-br/documentation/capabilities/chromium

Por omissão, Selenium 4 é compatível com Chrome v75 e superiores. Note que a versão (maior) do navegador e do chromedriver devem ser idênticas.

Opções

Capacidades comuns a todos os navegadores estão descritas na [página Opções]({{< ref "../drivers/options.md" >}}).

Capacidades únicas ao Chrome podem ser encontradas na página da Google para Capacidades e & ChromeOptions

Este é um exemplo de como iniciar uma sessão Chrome com um conjunto de opções básicas:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L37-L38" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L9-L10" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L31-L32" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L10-L11" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L51-L55">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Alguns exemplos de uso com capacidades diferentes:

Argumentos

The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser. There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:

Commonly used args include --start-maximized, --headless=new and --user-data-dir=...

Add an argument to options:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L45" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L18" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L40" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L17" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L9-L12">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Iniciar navegador numa localização específica

Adicionar uma localização:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L54" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L29">}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L50" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L25" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L41-L44">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Adicionar extensões

O parametro extensions aceita ficheiros crx

The extensions parameter accepts crx files. As for unpacked directories, please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in this post.

Adicionar uma extensão:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L65" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L40">}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L62" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L34" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L62-L66">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Manter o navegador aberto

Ao definir o parametro detach para true, irá manter o navegador aberto mesmo depois do driver fechar.

Adicionar detach:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} Note: This is already the default behavior in Java. {{% /tab %}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L51" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{% tab header="CSharp" %}} Note: This is already the default behavior in .NET. {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L45" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L29-L32">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Excluindo parametros

Chrome adiciona vários parametros, se não os pretende adicionar, passe-os em excludeSwitches.

Um exemplo comum é voltar a activar o bloqueador de popups. A full list of default arguments can be parsed from the Chromium Source Code

Exclua parametros:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L78" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Python" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L62" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L77" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L53" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/browser/chromeSpecificCaps.spec.js#L19-L22">}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Service

Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the [Driver Service]({{< ref "../drivers/service.md" >}}) page.

Log output

Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.

File output

To change the logging output to save to a specific file:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L100-L101" >}} Note: Java also allows setting file output by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: String representing path to log file {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.11" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L71" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L87" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.10" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L67" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Console output

To change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} {{< badge-version version="4.10" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L114-L115" >}} Note: Java also allows setting console output by System Property;
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_PROPERTY
Property value: DriverService.LOG_STDOUT or DriverService.LOG_STDERR {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.11" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L82" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L194-L198" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{% tab header="Ruby" %}} $stdout and $stderr are both valid values {{< badge-version version="4.10" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L76" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Log level

There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF. Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF, so this example is just setting the log level generically:

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} {{< badge-version version="4.8" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L129-L130" >}} Note: Java also allows setting log level by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_LOG_LEVEL_PROPERTY
Property value: String representation of ChromiumDriverLogLevel enum {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.11" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L93" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-implementation >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.10" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L87" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Log file features

There are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:

  • append log
  • readable timestamps

To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} {{< badge-version version="4.8" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L147-L148" >}} Note: Java also allows toggling these features by System Property:
Property keys: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_APPEND_LOG_PROPERTY and ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_READABLE_TIMESTAMP
Property value: "true" or "false" {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L104" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-implementation >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.8" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L97-L98" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Disabling build check

Chromedriver and Chrome browser versions should match, and if they don't the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Chrome. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{% tab header="Java" %}} {{< badge-version version="4.8" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L166-L167" >}} Note: Java also allows disabling build checks by System Property:
Property key: ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_DISABLE_BUILD_CHECK
Property value: "true" or "false" {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.11" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L115" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Browsers/ChromeTest.cs#L156" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< badge-version version="4.8" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L108" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Special Features

Casting

Pode comandar dispositivos Chrome Cast, incluindo partilhar abas

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L230-L235" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L170-L174" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L119-L124" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Condições de rede

Pode simular vários estados de rede (como exemplo, simular situações com pouca banda).

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the [Remote WebDriver]({{< ref "../drivers/remote_webdriver" >}}) page.

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L204-L210" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L129-L135" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L129" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Logs

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L247" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L186" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L141" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Permissões

{{< tabpane text=true >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/browsers/ChromeTest.java#L189" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/browsers/test_chrome.py#L149" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/browsers/chrome_spec.rb#L149-L150" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} {{< badge-code >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

DevTools

Veja a secção [Chrome DevTools] para mais informação em como usar Chrome DevTools