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test_types.py
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# Python test set -- part 6, built-in types
from test.support import (
run_with_locale, cpython_only, no_rerun,
MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
)
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
import collections.abc
from collections import namedtuple, UserDict
import copy
import _datetime
import gc
import inspect
import pickle
import locale
import sys
import textwrap
import types
import unittest.mock
import weakref
import typing
T = typing.TypeVar("T")
class Example:
pass
class Forward: ...
def clear_typing_caches():
for f in typing._cleanups:
f()
class TypesTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_truth_values(self):
if None: self.fail('None is true instead of false')
if 0: self.fail('0 is true instead of false')
if 0.0: self.fail('0.0 is true instead of false')
if '': self.fail('\'\' is true instead of false')
if not 1: self.fail('1 is false instead of true')
if not 1.0: self.fail('1.0 is false instead of true')
if not 'x': self.fail('\'x\' is false instead of true')
if not {'x': 1}: self.fail('{\'x\': 1} is false instead of true')
def f(): pass
class C: pass
x = C()
if not f: self.fail('f is false instead of true')
if not C: self.fail('C is false instead of true')
if not sys: self.fail('sys is false instead of true')
if not x: self.fail('x is false instead of true')
def test_boolean_ops(self):
if 0 or 0: self.fail('0 or 0 is true instead of false')
if 1 and 1: pass
else: self.fail('1 and 1 is false instead of true')
if not 1: self.fail('not 1 is true instead of false')
def test_comparisons(self):
if 0 < 1 <= 1 == 1 >= 1 > 0 != 1: pass
else: self.fail('int comparisons failed')
if 0.0 < 1.0 <= 1.0 == 1.0 >= 1.0 > 0.0 != 1.0: pass
else: self.fail('float comparisons failed')
if '' < 'a' <= 'a' == 'a' < 'abc' < 'abd' < 'b': pass
else: self.fail('string comparisons failed')
if None is None: pass
else: self.fail('identity test failed')
def test_float_constructor(self):
self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, '')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, '5\0')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, '5_5\0')
def test_zero_division(self):
try: 5.0 / 0.0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5.0 / 0.0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
try: 5.0 // 0.0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5.0 // 0.0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
try: 5.0 % 0.0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5.0 % 0.0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
try: 5 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5 / 0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
try: 5 // 0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5 // 0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
try: 5 % 0
except ZeroDivisionError: pass
else: self.fail("5 % 0 didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
def test_numeric_types(self):
if 0 != 0.0 or 1 != 1.0 or -1 != -1.0:
self.fail('int/float value not equal')
# calling built-in types without argument must return 0
if int() != 0: self.fail('int() does not return 0')
if float() != 0.0: self.fail('float() does not return 0.0')
if int(1.9) == 1 == int(1.1) and int(-1.1) == -1 == int(-1.9): pass
else: self.fail('int() does not round properly')
if float(1) == 1.0 and float(-1) == -1.0 and float(0) == 0.0: pass
else: self.fail('float() does not work properly')
def test_float_to_string(self):
def test(f, result):
self.assertEqual(f.__format__('e'), result)
self.assertEqual('%e' % f, result)
# test all 2 digit exponents, both with __format__ and with
# '%' formatting
for i in range(-99, 100):
test(float('1.5e'+str(i)), '1.500000e{0:+03d}'.format(i))
# test some 3 digit exponents
self.assertEqual(1.5e100.__format__('e'), '1.500000e+100')
self.assertEqual('%e' % 1.5e100, '1.500000e+100')
self.assertEqual(1.5e101.__format__('e'), '1.500000e+101')
self.assertEqual('%e' % 1.5e101, '1.500000e+101')
self.assertEqual(1.5e-100.__format__('e'), '1.500000e-100')
self.assertEqual('%e' % 1.5e-100, '1.500000e-100')
self.assertEqual(1.5e-101.__format__('e'), '1.500000e-101')
self.assertEqual('%e' % 1.5e-101, '1.500000e-101')
self.assertEqual('%g' % 1.0, '1')
self.assertEqual('%#g' % 1.0, '1.00000')
def test_normal_integers(self):
# Ensure the first 256 integers are shared
a = 256
b = 128*2
if a is not b: self.fail('256 is not shared')
if 12 + 24 != 36: self.fail('int op')
if 12 + (-24) != -12: self.fail('int op')
if (-12) + 24 != 12: self.fail('int op')
if (-12) + (-24) != -36: self.fail('int op')
if not 12 < 24: self.fail('int op')
if not -24 < -12: self.fail('int op')
# Test for a particular bug in integer multiply
xsize, ysize, zsize = 238, 356, 4
if not (xsize*ysize*zsize == zsize*xsize*ysize == 338912):
self.fail('int mul commutativity')
# And another.
m = -sys.maxsize - 1
for divisor in 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32:
j = m // divisor
prod = divisor * j
if prod != m:
self.fail("%r * %r == %r != %r" % (divisor, j, prod, m))
if type(prod) is not int:
self.fail("expected type(prod) to be int, not %r" %
type(prod))
# Check for unified integral type
for divisor in 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32:
j = m // divisor - 1
prod = divisor * j
if type(prod) is not int:
self.fail("expected type(%r) to be int, not %r" %
(prod, type(prod)))
# Check for unified integral type
m = sys.maxsize
for divisor in 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32:
j = m // divisor + 1
prod = divisor * j
if type(prod) is not int:
self.fail("expected type(%r) to be int, not %r" %
(prod, type(prod)))
x = sys.maxsize
self.assertIsInstance(x + 1, int,
"(sys.maxsize + 1) should have returned int")
self.assertIsInstance(-x - 1, int,
"(-sys.maxsize - 1) should have returned int")
self.assertIsInstance(-x - 2, int,
"(-sys.maxsize - 2) should have returned int")
try: 5 << -5
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail('int negative shift <<')
try: 5 >> -5
except ValueError: pass
else: self.fail('int negative shift >>')
def test_floats(self):
if 12.0 + 24.0 != 36.0: self.fail('float op')
if 12.0 + (-24.0) != -12.0: self.fail('float op')
if (-12.0) + 24.0 != 12.0: self.fail('float op')
if (-12.0) + (-24.0) != -36.0: self.fail('float op')
if not 12.0 < 24.0: self.fail('float op')
if not -24.0 < -12.0: self.fail('float op')
def test_strings(self):
if len('') != 0: self.fail('len(\'\')')
if len('a') != 1: self.fail('len(\'a\')')
if len('abcdef') != 6: self.fail('len(\'abcdef\')')
if 'xyz' + 'abcde' != 'xyzabcde': self.fail('string concatenation')
if 'xyz'*3 != 'xyzxyzxyz': self.fail('string repetition *3')
if 0*'abcde' != '': self.fail('string repetition 0*')
if min('abc') != 'a' or max('abc') != 'c': self.fail('min/max string')
if 'a' in 'abc' and 'b' in 'abc' and 'c' in 'abc' and 'd' not in 'abc': pass
else: self.fail('in/not in string')
x = 'x'*103
if '%s!'%x != x+'!': self.fail('nasty string formatting bug')
#extended slices for strings
a = '0123456789'
self.assertEqual(a[::], a)
self.assertEqual(a[::2], '02468')
self.assertEqual(a[1::2], '13579')
self.assertEqual(a[::-1],'9876543210')
self.assertEqual(a[::-2], '97531')
self.assertEqual(a[3::-2], '31')
self.assertEqual(a[-100:100:], a)
self.assertEqual(a[100:-100:-1], a[::-1])
self.assertEqual(a[-100:100:2], '02468')
def test_type_function(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, type, 1, 2)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, type, 1, 2, 3, 4)
def test_int__format__(self):
def test(i, format_spec, result):
# just make sure we have the unified type for integers
self.assertIs(type(i), int)
self.assertIs(type(format_spec), str)
self.assertEqual(i.__format__(format_spec), result)
test(123456789, 'd', '123456789')
test(123456789, 'd', '123456789')
test(1, 'c', '\01')
# sign and aligning are interdependent
test(1, "-", '1')
test(-1, "-", '-1')
test(1, "-3", ' 1')
test(-1, "-3", ' -1')
test(1, "+3", ' +1')
test(-1, "+3", ' -1')
test(1, " 3", ' 1')
test(-1, " 3", ' -1')
test(1, " ", ' 1')
test(-1, " ", '-1')
# hex
test(3, "x", "3")
test(3, "X", "3")
test(1234, "x", "4d2")
test(-1234, "x", "-4d2")
test(1234, "8x", " 4d2")
test(-1234, "8x", " -4d2")
test(1234, "x", "4d2")
test(-1234, "x", "-4d2")
test(-3, "x", "-3")
test(-3, "X", "-3")
test(int('be', 16), "x", "be")
test(int('be', 16), "X", "BE")
test(-int('be', 16), "x", "-be")
test(-int('be', 16), "X", "-BE")
# octal
test(3, "o", "3")
test(-3, "o", "-3")
test(65, "o", "101")
test(-65, "o", "-101")
test(1234, "o", "2322")
test(-1234, "o", "-2322")
test(1234, "-o", "2322")
test(-1234, "-o", "-2322")
test(1234, " o", " 2322")
test(-1234, " o", "-2322")
test(1234, "+o", "+2322")
test(-1234, "+o", "-2322")
# binary
test(3, "b", "11")
test(-3, "b", "-11")
test(1234, "b", "10011010010")
test(-1234, "b", "-10011010010")
test(1234, "-b", "10011010010")
test(-1234, "-b", "-10011010010")
test(1234, " b", " 10011010010")
test(-1234, " b", "-10011010010")
test(1234, "+b", "+10011010010")
test(-1234, "+b", "-10011010010")
# alternate (#) formatting
test(0, "#b", '0b0')
test(0, "-#b", '0b0')
test(1, "-#b", '0b1')
test(-1, "-#b", '-0b1')
test(-1, "-#5b", ' -0b1')
test(1, "+#5b", ' +0b1')
test(100, "+#b", '+0b1100100')
test(100, "#012b", '0b0001100100')
test(-100, "#012b", '-0b001100100')
test(0, "#o", '0o0')
test(0, "-#o", '0o0')
test(1, "-#o", '0o1')
test(-1, "-#o", '-0o1')
test(-1, "-#5o", ' -0o1')
test(1, "+#5o", ' +0o1')
test(100, "+#o", '+0o144')
test(100, "#012o", '0o0000000144')
test(-100, "#012o", '-0o000000144')
test(0, "#x", '0x0')
test(0, "-#x", '0x0')
test(1, "-#x", '0x1')
test(-1, "-#x", '-0x1')
test(-1, "-#5x", ' -0x1')
test(1, "+#5x", ' +0x1')
test(100, "+#x", '+0x64')
test(100, "#012x", '0x0000000064')
test(-100, "#012x", '-0x000000064')
test(123456, "#012x", '0x000001e240')
test(-123456, "#012x", '-0x00001e240')
test(0, "#X", '0X0')
test(0, "-#X", '0X0')
test(1, "-#X", '0X1')
test(-1, "-#X", '-0X1')
test(-1, "-#5X", ' -0X1')
test(1, "+#5X", ' +0X1')
test(100, "+#X", '+0X64')
test(100, "#012X", '0X0000000064')
test(-100, "#012X", '-0X000000064')
test(123456, "#012X", '0X000001E240')
test(-123456, "#012X", '-0X00001E240')
test(123, ',', '123')
test(-123, ',', '-123')
test(1234, ',', '1,234')
test(-1234, ',', '-1,234')
test(123456, ',', '123,456')
test(-123456, ',', '-123,456')
test(1234567, ',', '1,234,567')
test(-1234567, ',', '-1,234,567')
# issue 5782, commas with no specifier type
test(1234, '010,', '00,001,234')
# Unified type for integers
test(10**100, 'd', '1' + '0' * 100)
test(10**100+100, 'd', '1' + '0' * 97 + '100')
# make sure these are errors
# precision disallowed
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 3 .__format__, "1.3")
# sign not allowed with 'c'
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 3 .__format__, "+c")
# format spec must be string
self.assertRaises(TypeError, 3 .__format__, None)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, 3 .__format__, 0)
# can't have ',' with 'n'
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 3 .__format__, ",n")
# can't have ',' with 'c'
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 3 .__format__, ",c")
# can't have '#' with 'c'
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 3 .__format__, "#c")
# ensure that only int and float type specifiers work
for format_spec in ([chr(x) for x in range(ord('a'), ord('z')+1)] +
[chr(x) for x in range(ord('A'), ord('Z')+1)]):
if not format_spec in 'bcdoxXeEfFgGn%':
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 0 .__format__, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, 1 .__format__, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, (-1) .__format__, format_spec)
# ensure that float type specifiers work; format converts
# the int to a float
for format_spec in 'eEfFgG%':
for value in [0, 1, -1, 100, -100, 1234567890, -1234567890]:
self.assertEqual(value.__format__(format_spec),
float(value).__format__(format_spec))
# Issue 6902
test(123456, "0<20", '12345600000000000000')
test(123456, "1<20", '12345611111111111111')
test(123456, "*<20", '123456**************')
test(123456, "0>20", '00000000000000123456')
test(123456, "1>20", '11111111111111123456')
test(123456, "*>20", '**************123456')
test(123456, "0=20", '00000000000000123456')
test(123456, "1=20", '11111111111111123456')
test(123456, "*=20", '**************123456')
@run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8', '')
def test_float__format__locale(self):
# test locale support for __format__ code 'n'
for i in range(-10, 10):
x = 1234567890.0 * (10.0 ** i)
self.assertEqual(locale.format_string('%g', x, grouping=True), format(x, 'n'))
self.assertEqual(locale.format_string('%.10g', x, grouping=True), format(x, '.10n'))
@run_with_locale('LC_NUMERIC', 'en_US.UTF8', '')
def test_int__format__locale(self):
# test locale support for __format__ code 'n' for integers
x = 123456789012345678901234567890
for i in range(0, 30):
self.assertEqual(locale.format_string('%d', x, grouping=True), format(x, 'n'))
# move to the next integer to test
x = x // 10
rfmt = ">20n"
lfmt = "<20n"
cfmt = "^20n"
for x in (1234, 12345, 123456, 1234567, 12345678, 123456789, 1234567890, 12345678900):
self.assertEqual(len(format(0, rfmt)), len(format(x, rfmt)))
self.assertEqual(len(format(0, lfmt)), len(format(x, lfmt)))
self.assertEqual(len(format(0, cfmt)), len(format(x, cfmt)))
def test_float__format__(self):
def test(f, format_spec, result):
self.assertEqual(f.__format__(format_spec), result)
self.assertEqual(format(f, format_spec), result)
test(0.0, 'f', '0.000000')
# the default is 'g', except for empty format spec
test(0.0, '', '0.0')
test(0.01, '', '0.01')
test(0.01, 'g', '0.01')
# test for issue 3411
test(1.23, '1', '1.23')
test(-1.23, '1', '-1.23')
test(1.23, '1g', '1.23')
test(-1.23, '1g', '-1.23')
test( 1.0, ' g', ' 1')
test(-1.0, ' g', '-1')
test( 1.0, '+g', '+1')
test(-1.0, '+g', '-1')
test(1.1234e200, 'g', '1.1234e+200')
test(1.1234e200, 'G', '1.1234E+200')
test(1.0, 'f', '1.000000')
test(-1.0, 'f', '-1.000000')
test( 1.0, ' f', ' 1.000000')
test(-1.0, ' f', '-1.000000')
test( 1.0, '+f', '+1.000000')
test(-1.0, '+f', '-1.000000')
# Python versions <= 3.0 switched from 'f' to 'g' formatting for
# values larger than 1e50. No longer.
f = 1.1234e90
for fmt in 'f', 'F':
# don't do a direct equality check, since on some
# platforms only the first few digits of dtoa
# will be reliable
result = f.__format__(fmt)
self.assertEqual(len(result), 98)
self.assertEqual(result[-7], '.')
self.assertIn(result[:12], ('112340000000', '112339999999'))
f = 1.1234e200
for fmt in 'f', 'F':
result = f.__format__(fmt)
self.assertEqual(len(result), 208)
self.assertEqual(result[-7], '.')
self.assertIn(result[:12], ('112340000000', '112339999999'))
test( 1.0, 'e', '1.000000e+00')
test(-1.0, 'e', '-1.000000e+00')
test( 1.0, 'E', '1.000000E+00')
test(-1.0, 'E', '-1.000000E+00')
test(1.1234e20, 'e', '1.123400e+20')
test(1.1234e20, 'E', '1.123400E+20')
# No format code means use g, but must have a decimal
# and a number after the decimal. This is tricky, because
# a totally empty format specifier means something else.
# So, just use a sign flag
test(1e200, '+g', '+1e+200')
test(1e200, '+', '+1e+200')
test(1.1e200, '+g', '+1.1e+200')
test(1.1e200, '+', '+1.1e+200')
# 0 padding
test(1234., '010f', '1234.000000')
test(1234., '011f', '1234.000000')
test(1234., '012f', '01234.000000')
test(-1234., '011f', '-1234.000000')
test(-1234., '012f', '-1234.000000')
test(-1234., '013f', '-01234.000000')
test(-1234.12341234, '013f', '-01234.123412')
test(-123456.12341234, '011.2f', '-0123456.12')
# issue 5782, commas with no specifier type
test(1.2, '010,.2', '0,000,001.2')
# 0 padding with commas
test(1234., '011,f', '1,234.000000')
test(1234., '012,f', '1,234.000000')
test(1234., '013,f', '01,234.000000')
test(-1234., '012,f', '-1,234.000000')
test(-1234., '013,f', '-1,234.000000')
test(-1234., '014,f', '-01,234.000000')
test(-12345., '015,f', '-012,345.000000')
test(-123456., '016,f', '-0,123,456.000000')
test(-123456., '017,f', '-0,123,456.000000')
test(-123456.12341234, '017,f', '-0,123,456.123412')
test(-123456.12341234, '013,.2f', '-0,123,456.12')
# % formatting
test(-1.0, '%', '-100.000000%')
# format spec must be string
self.assertRaises(TypeError, 3.0.__format__, None)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, 3.0.__format__, 0)
# confirm format options expected to fail on floats, such as integer
# presentation types
for format_spec in 'sbcdoxX':
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 0.0, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 1.0, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, -1.0, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 1e100, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, -1e100, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 1e-100, format_spec)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, -1e-100, format_spec)
# Alternate float formatting
test(1.0, '.0e', '1e+00')
test(1.0, '#.0e', '1.e+00')
test(1.0, '.0f', '1')
test(1.0, '#.0f', '1.')
test(1.1, 'g', '1.1')
test(1.1, '#g', '1.10000')
test(1.0, '.0%', '100%')
test(1.0, '#.0%', '100.%')
# Issue 7094: Alternate formatting (specified by #)
test(1.0, '0e', '1.000000e+00')
test(1.0, '#0e', '1.000000e+00')
test(1.0, '0f', '1.000000' )
test(1.0, '#0f', '1.000000')
test(1.0, '.1e', '1.0e+00')
test(1.0, '#.1e', '1.0e+00')
test(1.0, '.1f', '1.0')
test(1.0, '#.1f', '1.0')
test(1.0, '.1%', '100.0%')
test(1.0, '#.1%', '100.0%')
# Issue 6902
test(12345.6, "0<20", '12345.60000000000000')
test(12345.6, "1<20", '12345.61111111111111')
test(12345.6, "*<20", '12345.6*************')
test(12345.6, "0>20", '000000000000012345.6')
test(12345.6, "1>20", '111111111111112345.6')
test(12345.6, "*>20", '*************12345.6')
test(12345.6, "0=20", '000000000000012345.6')
test(12345.6, "1=20", '111111111111112345.6')
test(12345.6, "*=20", '*************12345.6')
def test_format_spec_errors(self):
# int, float, and string all share the same format spec
# mini-language parser.
# Check that we can't ask for too many digits. This is
# probably a CPython specific test. It tries to put the width
# into a C long.
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 0, '1'*10000 + 'd')
# Similar with the precision.
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 0, '.' + '1'*10000 + 'd')
# And may as well test both.
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 0, '1'*1000 + '.' + '1'*10000 + 'd')
# Make sure commas aren't allowed with various type codes
for code in 'xXobns':
self.assertRaises(ValueError, format, 0, ',' + code)
def test_internal_sizes(self):
self.assertGreater(object.__basicsize__, 0)
self.assertGreater(tuple.__itemsize__, 0)
def test_slot_wrapper_types(self):
self.assertIsInstance(object.__init__, types.WrapperDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(object.__str__, types.WrapperDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(object.__lt__, types.WrapperDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(int.__lt__, types.WrapperDescriptorType)
@unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
"Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
def test_dunder_get_signature(self):
sig = inspect.signature(object.__init__.__get__)
self.assertEqual(list(sig.parameters), ["instance", "owner"])
# gh-93021: Second parameter is optional
self.assertIs(sig.parameters["owner"].default, None)
def test_method_wrapper_types(self):
self.assertIsInstance(object().__init__, types.MethodWrapperType)
self.assertIsInstance(object().__str__, types.MethodWrapperType)
self.assertIsInstance(object().__lt__, types.MethodWrapperType)
self.assertIsInstance((42).__lt__, types.MethodWrapperType)
def test_method_descriptor_types(self):
self.assertIsInstance(str.join, types.MethodDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(list.append, types.MethodDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(''.join, types.BuiltinMethodType)
self.assertIsInstance([].append, types.BuiltinMethodType)
self.assertIsInstance(int.__dict__['from_bytes'], types.ClassMethodDescriptorType)
self.assertIsInstance(int.from_bytes, types.BuiltinMethodType)
self.assertIsInstance(int.__new__, types.BuiltinMethodType)
def test_ellipsis_type(self):
self.assertIsInstance(Ellipsis, types.EllipsisType)
def test_notimplemented_type(self):
self.assertIsInstance(NotImplemented, types.NotImplementedType)
def test_none_type(self):
self.assertIsInstance(None, types.NoneType)
def test_traceback_and_frame_types(self):
try:
raise OSError
except OSError as e:
exc = e
self.assertIsInstance(exc.__traceback__, types.TracebackType)
self.assertIsInstance(exc.__traceback__.tb_frame, types.FrameType)
def test_capsule_type(self):
self.assertIsInstance(_datetime.datetime_CAPI, types.CapsuleType)
def test_gh131998(self):
# GH-131998: The specialized instruction would get tricked into dereferencing
# a bound "self" that didn't exist if subsequently called unbound.
code = """if True:
# The optimizer is finicky, and the easiest way (that I know of)
# to get it to reproduce in CI is by importing a Python module at runtime.
import glob
def call(part):
part.pop()
call(['a'])
try:
call(list)
except TypeError:
pass
"""
assert_python_ok("-c", code)
class UnionTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_or_types_operator(self):
self.assertEqual(int | str, typing.Union[int, str])
self.assertNotEqual(int | list, typing.Union[int, str])
self.assertEqual(str | int, typing.Union[int, str])
self.assertEqual(int | None, typing.Union[int, None])
self.assertEqual(None | int, typing.Union[int, None])
self.assertEqual(int | type(None), int | None)
self.assertEqual(type(None) | int, None | int)
self.assertEqual(int | str | list, typing.Union[int, str, list])
self.assertEqual(int | (str | list), typing.Union[int, str, list])
self.assertEqual(str | (int | list), typing.Union[int, str, list])
self.assertEqual(typing.List | typing.Tuple, typing.Union[typing.List, typing.Tuple])
self.assertEqual(typing.List[int] | typing.Tuple[int], typing.Union[typing.List[int], typing.Tuple[int]])
self.assertEqual(typing.List[int] | None, typing.Union[typing.List[int], None])
self.assertEqual(None | typing.List[int], typing.Union[None, typing.List[int]])
self.assertEqual(str | float | int | complex | int, (int | str) | (float | complex))
self.assertEqual(typing.Union[str, int, typing.List[int]], str | int | typing.List[int])
self.assertIs(int | int, int)
self.assertEqual(
BaseException |
bool |
bytes |
complex |
float |
int |
list |
map |
set,
typing.Union[
BaseException,
bool,
bytes,
complex,
float,
int,
list,
map,
set,
])
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
int | 3
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
3 | int
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
Example() | int
x = int | str
self.assertEqual(x, int | str)
self.assertEqual(x, str | int)
self.assertNotEqual(x, {}) # should not raise exception
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
x < x
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
x <= x
y = typing.Union[str, int]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
x < y
y = int | bool
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
x < y
def test_hash(self):
self.assertEqual(hash(int | str), hash(str | int))
self.assertEqual(hash(int | str), hash(typing.Union[int, str]))
def test_union_of_unhashable(self):
class UnhashableMeta(type):
__hash__ = None
class A(metaclass=UnhashableMeta): ...
class B(metaclass=UnhashableMeta): ...
self.assertEqual((A | B).__args__, (A, B))
union1 = A | B
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "unhashable type: 'UnhashableMeta'"):
hash(union1)
union2 = int | B
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "unhashable type: 'UnhashableMeta'"):
hash(union2)
union3 = A | int
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "unhashable type: 'UnhashableMeta'"):
hash(union3)
def test_unhashable_becomes_hashable(self):
is_hashable = False
class UnhashableMeta(type):
def __hash__(self):
if is_hashable:
return 1
else:
raise TypeError("not hashable")
class A(metaclass=UnhashableMeta): ...
class B(metaclass=UnhashableMeta): ...
union = A | B
self.assertEqual(union.__args__, (A, B))
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "not hashable"):
hash(union)
is_hashable = True
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "union contains 2 unhashable elements"):
hash(union)
def test_instancecheck_and_subclasscheck(self):
for x in (int | str, typing.Union[int, str]):
with self.subTest(x=x):
self.assertIsInstance(1, x)
self.assertIsInstance(True, x)
self.assertIsInstance('a', x)
self.assertNotIsInstance(None, x)
self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, x))
self.assertTrue(issubclass(bool, x))
self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, x))
self.assertFalse(issubclass(type(None), x))
for x in (int | None, typing.Union[int, None]):
with self.subTest(x=x):
self.assertIsInstance(None, x)
self.assertTrue(issubclass(type(None), x))
for x in (
int | collections.abc.Mapping,
typing.Union[int, collections.abc.Mapping],
):
with self.subTest(x=x):
self.assertIsInstance({}, x)
self.assertNotIsInstance((), x)
self.assertTrue(issubclass(dict, x))
self.assertFalse(issubclass(list, x))
def test_instancecheck_and_subclasscheck_order(self):
T = typing.TypeVar('T')
will_resolve = (
int | T,
typing.Union[int, T],
)
for x in will_resolve:
with self.subTest(x=x):
self.assertIsInstance(1, x)
self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, x))
wont_resolve = (
T | int,
typing.Union[T, int],
)
for x in wont_resolve:
with self.subTest(x=x):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(int, x)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(1, x)
for x in (*will_resolve, *wont_resolve):
with self.subTest(x=x):
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
issubclass(object, x)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
isinstance(object(), x)
def test_bad_instancecheck(self):
class BadMeta(type):
def __instancecheck__(cls, inst):
1/0
x = int | BadMeta('A', (), {})
self.assertTrue(isinstance(1, x))
self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, isinstance, [], x)
def test_bad_subclasscheck(self):
class BadMeta(type):
def __subclasscheck__(cls, sub):
1/0
x = int | BadMeta('A', (), {})
self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, x))
self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, issubclass, list, x)
def test_or_type_operator_with_TypeVar(self):
TV = typing.TypeVar('T')
self.assertEqual(TV | str, typing.Union[TV, str])
self.assertEqual(str | TV, typing.Union[str, TV])
self.assertIs((int | TV)[int], int)
self.assertIs((TV | int)[int], int)
def test_union_args(self):
def check(arg, expected):
clear_typing_caches()
self.assertEqual(arg.__args__, expected)
check(int | str, (int, str))
check((int | str) | list, (int, str, list))
check(int | (str | list), (int, str, list))
check((int | str) | int, (int, str))
check(int | (str | int), (int, str))
check((int | str) | (str | int), (int, str))
check(typing.Union[int, str] | list, (int, str, list))
check(int | typing.Union[str, list], (int, str, list))
check((int | str) | (list | int), (int, str, list))
check((int | str) | typing.Union[list, int], (int, str, list))
check(typing.Union[int, str] | (list | int), (int, str, list))
check((str | int) | (int | list), (str, int, list))
check((str | int) | typing.Union[int, list], (str, int, list))
check(typing.Union[str, int] | (int | list), (str, int, list))
check(int | type(None), (int, type(None)))
check(type(None) | int, (type(None), int))
args = (int, list[int], typing.List[int],
typing.Tuple[int, int], typing.Callable[[int], int],
typing.Hashable, typing.TypeVar('T'))
for x in args:
with self.subTest(x):
check(x | None, (x, type(None)))
check(None | x, (type(None), x))
def test_union_parameter_chaining(self):
T = typing.TypeVar("T")
S = typing.TypeVar("S")
self.assertEqual((float | list[T])[int], float | list[int])
self.assertEqual(list[int | list[T]].__parameters__, (T,))
self.assertEqual(list[int | list[T]][str], list[int | list[str]])
self.assertEqual((list[T] | list[S]).__parameters__, (T, S))
self.assertEqual((list[T] | list[S])[int, T], list[int] | list[T])
self.assertEqual((list[T] | list[S])[int, int], list[int])
def test_union_parameter_substitution(self):
def eq(actual, expected, typed=True):
self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
if typed:
self.assertIs(type(actual), type(expected))
T = typing.TypeVar('T')
S = typing.TypeVar('S')
NT = typing.NewType('NT', str)
x = int | T | bytes
eq(x[str], int | str | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[list[int]], int | list[int] | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[typing.List], int | typing.List | bytes)
eq(x[typing.List[int]], int | typing.List[int] | bytes)
eq(x[typing.Hashable], int | typing.Hashable | bytes)
eq(x[collections.abc.Hashable],
int | collections.abc.Hashable | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[typing.Callable[[int], str]],
int | typing.Callable[[int], str] | bytes)
eq(x[collections.abc.Callable[[int], str]],
int | collections.abc.Callable[[int], str] | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[typing.Tuple[int, str]], int | typing.Tuple[int, str] | bytes)
eq(x[typing.Literal['none']], int | typing.Literal['none'] | bytes)
eq(x[str | list], int | str | list | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[typing.Union[str, list]], typing.Union[int, str, list, bytes])
eq(x[str | int], int | str | bytes, typed=False)
eq(x[typing.Union[str, int]], typing.Union[int, str, bytes])
eq(x[NT], int | NT | bytes)
eq(x[S], int | S | bytes)
def test_union_pickle(self):
orig = list[T] | int
for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
s = pickle.dumps(orig, proto)
loaded = pickle.loads(s)
self.assertEqual(loaded, orig)
self.assertEqual(loaded.__args__, orig.__args__)
self.assertEqual(loaded.__parameters__, orig.__parameters__)
def test_union_copy(self):
orig = list[T] | int
for copied in (copy.copy(orig), copy.deepcopy(orig)):
self.assertEqual(copied, orig)
self.assertEqual(copied.__args__, orig.__args__)
self.assertEqual(copied.__parameters__, orig.__parameters__)
def test_union_parameter_substitution_errors(self):
T = typing.TypeVar("T")
x = int | T
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
x[int, str]
def test_or_type_operator_with_forward(self):
T = typing.TypeVar('T')
ForwardAfter = T | 'Forward'
ForwardBefore = 'Forward' | T
def forward_after(x: ForwardAfter[int]) -> None: ...
def forward_before(x: ForwardBefore[int]) -> None: ...
self.assertEqual(typing.get_args(typing.get_type_hints(forward_after)['x']),
(int, Forward))
self.assertEqual(typing.get_args(typing.get_type_hints(forward_before)['x']),
(Forward, int))
def test_or_type_operator_with_Protocol(self):
class Proto(typing.Protocol):
def meth(self) -> int:
...
self.assertEqual(Proto | str, typing.Union[Proto, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_Alias(self):
self.assertEqual(list | str, typing.Union[list, str])
self.assertEqual(typing.List | str, typing.Union[typing.List, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_NamedTuple(self):
NT = namedtuple('A', ['B', 'C', 'D'])
self.assertEqual(NT | str, typing.Union[NT, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_TypedDict(self):
class Point2D(typing.TypedDict):
x: int
y: int
label: str
self.assertEqual(Point2D | str, typing.Union[Point2D, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_NewType(self):
UserId = typing.NewType('UserId', int)
self.assertEqual(UserId | str, typing.Union[UserId, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_IO(self):
self.assertEqual(typing.IO | str, typing.Union[typing.IO, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_SpecialForm(self):
self.assertEqual(typing.Any | str, typing.Union[typing.Any, str])
self.assertEqual(typing.NoReturn | str, typing.Union[typing.NoReturn, str])
self.assertEqual(typing.Optional[int] | str, typing.Union[typing.Optional[int], str])
self.assertEqual(typing.Optional[int] | str, typing.Union[int, str, None])
self.assertEqual(typing.Union[int, bool] | str, typing.Union[int, bool, str])
def test_or_type_operator_with_Literal(self):
Literal = typing.Literal