fix(@angular/ssr): manage unhandled errors in zoneless applications

Implement the `attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers` function to handle 'unhandledRejection' and 'uncaughtException' events in Node.js. This function logs errors to the console, preventing unhandled errors from crashing the server. It is particularly useful for zoneless apps, ensuring error handling without relying on zones.

Closes angular/angular#58123

Author: alan-agius4

Diff for: goldens/public-api/angular/ssr/node/index.api.md

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { Type } from '@angular/core';
 
 // @public
 export class AngularNodeAppEngine {
+    constructor();
     handle(request: IncomingMessage | Http2ServerRequest, requestContext?: unknown): Promise<Response | null>;
 }
 

Diff for: packages/angular/ssr/node/src/app-engine.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import { AngularAppEngine } from '@angular/ssr';
 import type { IncomingMessage } from 'node:http';
 import type { Http2ServerRequest } from 'node:http2';
+import { attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers } from './errors';
 import { createWebRequestFromNodeRequest } from './request';
 
 /**
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ import { createWebRequestFromNodeRequest } from './request';
 export class AngularNodeAppEngine {
   private readonly angularAppEngine = new AngularAppEngine();
 
+  constructor() {
+    attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Handles an incoming HTTP request by serving prerendered content, performing server-side rendering,
    * or delivering a static file for client-side rendered routes based on the `RenderMode` setting.

Diff for: packages/angular/ssr/node/src/common-engine/common-engine.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { renderApplication, renderModule, ɵSERVER_CONTEXT } from '@angular/plat
 import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import { dirname, join, normalize, resolve } from 'node:path';
 import { URL } from 'node:url';
+import { attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers } from '../errors';
 import { CommonEngineInlineCriticalCssProcessor } from './inline-css-processor';
 import {
   noopRunMethodAndMeasurePerf,
@@ -63,7 +64,9 @@ export class CommonEngine {
   private readonly inlineCriticalCssProcessor = new CommonEngineInlineCriticalCssProcessor();
   private readonly pageIsSSG = new Map<string, boolean>();
 
-  constructor(private options?: CommonEngineOptions) {}
+  constructor(private options?: CommonEngineOptions) {
+    attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers();
+  }
 
   /**
    * Render an HTML document for a specific URL with specified

Diff for: packages/angular/ssr/node/src/errors.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.dev/license
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Attaches listeners to the Node.js process to capture and handle unhandled rejections and uncaught exceptions.
+ * Captured errors are logged to the console. This function logs errors to the console, preventing unhandled errors
+ * from crashing the server. It is particularly useful for Zoneless apps, ensuring error handling without relying on Zone.js.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * This function is a no-op if zone.js is available.
+ * For Zone-based apps, similar functionality is provided by Zone.js itself. See the Zone.js implementation here:
+ * https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/4a8d0b79001ec09bcd6f2d6b15117aa6aac1932c/packages/zone.js/lib/node/node.ts#L94%7C
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function attachNodeGlobalErrorHandlers(): void {
+  if (typeof Zone !== 'undefined') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Ensure that the listeners are registered only once.
+  // Otherwise, multiple instances may be registered during edit/refresh.
+  const gThis: typeof globalThis & { ngAttachNodeGlobalErrorHandlersCalled?: boolean } = globalThis;
+  if (gThis.ngAttachNodeGlobalErrorHandlersCalled) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  gThis.ngAttachNodeGlobalErrorHandlersCalled = true;
+
+  process
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    .on('unhandledRejection', (error) => console.error('unhandledRejection', error))
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    .on('uncaughtException', (error) => console.error('uncaughtException', error));
+}

Diff for: packages/angular/ssr/node/src/globals.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.dev/license
+ */
+
+declare const Zone: unknown | undefined;