feat(@angular/build): introduce outputMode option to the application builder

The `outputMode` option accepts two values:
- **`static`:**  Generates a static output (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) suitable for deployment on static hosting services or CDNs. This mode supports both client-side rendering (CSR) and static site generation (SSG).
- **`server`:** Generates a server bundle in addition to static assets, enabling server-side rendering (SSR) and hybrid rendering strategies. This output is intended for deployment on a Node.js server or serverless environment.

## Key changes:
- **Replaces `appShell` and `prerender`:**  The `outputMode` option simplifies the CLI by replacing the `appShell` and `prerender` options when server-side routing is configured.
- **Controls Server API Usage:**  `outputMode` determines whether the new server API is utilized. In `server` mode, `server.ts` is bundled as a separate entry point, preventing direct references to `main.server.ts` and excluding it from localization.

Closes #27356, closes #27403, closes #25726, closes #25718 and closes #27196

Author: alan-agius4

goldens/circular-deps/packages.json

@@ -10,16 +10,18 @@
   [
     "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/bundler-context.ts",
     "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/utils.ts",
-    "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result.ts"
+    "packages/angular/build/src/utils/server-rendering/manifest.ts"
   ],
   [
     "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/bundler-context.ts",
     "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/utils.ts",
-    "packages/angular/build/src/utils/server-rendering/manifest.ts"
+    "packages/angular/build/src/utils/server-rendering/manifest.ts",
+    "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result.ts"
   ],
   [
     "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result.ts",
-    "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/utils.ts"
+    "packages/angular/build/src/tools/esbuild/utils.ts",
+    "packages/angular/build/src/utils/server-rendering/manifest.ts"
   ],
   [
     "packages/angular/cli/src/analytics/analytics-collector.ts",

goldens/public-api/angular/build/index.api.md

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ export interface ApplicationBuilderOptions {
     namedChunks?: boolean;
     optimization?: OptimizationUnion;
     outputHashing?: OutputHashing;
+    outputMode?: OutputMode;
     outputPath: OutputPathUnion;
     poll?: number;
     polyfills?: string[];
@@ -99,13 +100,15 @@ export interface BuildOutputFile extends OutputFile {
 // @public (undocumented)
 export enum BuildOutputFileType {
     // (undocumented)
-    Browser = 1,
+    Browser = 0,
     // (undocumented)
-    Media = 2,
+    Media = 1,
     // (undocumented)
     Root = 4,
     // (undocumented)
-    Server = 3
+    Server = 2,
+    // (undocumented)
+    SSRServer = 3
 }
 
 // @public

packages/angular/build/src/builders/application/execute-build.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import { BuilderContext } from '@angular-devkit/architect';
+import assert from 'node:assert';
 import { SourceFileCache } from '../../tools/esbuild/angular/source-file-cache';
 import { generateBudgetStats } from '../../tools/esbuild/budget-stats';
 import { BuildOutputFileType, BundlerContext } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-context';
@@ -18,13 +19,19 @@ import { calculateEstimatedTransferSizes, logBuildStats } from '../../tools/esbu
 import { BudgetCalculatorResult, checkBudgets } from '../../utils/bundle-calculator';
 import { shouldOptimizeChunks } from '../../utils/environment-options';
 import { resolveAssets } from '../../utils/resolve-assets';
+import {
+  SERVER_APP_ENGINE_MANIFEST_FILENAME,
+  generateAngularServerAppEngineManifest,
+} from '../../utils/server-rendering/manifest';
 import { getSupportedBrowsers } from '../../utils/supported-browsers';
 import { optimizeChunks } from './chunk-optimizer';
 import { executePostBundleSteps } from './execute-post-bundle';
 import { inlineI18n, loadActiveTranslations } from './i18n';
 import { NormalizedApplicationBuildOptions } from './options';
+import { OutputMode } from './schema';
 import { setupBundlerContexts } from './setup-bundling';
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line max-lines-per-function
 export async function executeBuild(
   options: NormalizedApplicationBuildOptions,
   context: BuilderContext,
@@ -36,8 +43,10 @@ export async function executeBuild(
     i18nOptions,
     optimizationOptions,
     assets,
+    outputMode,
     cacheOptions,
-    prerenderOptions,
+    serverEntryPoint,
+    baseHref,
     ssrOptions,
     verbose,
     colors,
@@ -160,6 +169,15 @@ export async function executeBuild(
     executionResult.htmlBaseHref = options.baseHref;
   }
 
+  // Create server app engine manifest
+  if (serverEntryPoint) {
+    executionResult.addOutputFile(
+      SERVER_APP_ENGINE_MANIFEST_FILENAME,
+      generateAngularServerAppEngineManifest(i18nOptions, baseHref, undefined),
+      BuildOutputFileType.SSRServer,
+    );
+  }
+
   // Perform i18n translation inlining if enabled
   if (i18nOptions.shouldInline) {
     const result = await inlineI18n(options, executionResult, initialFiles);
@@ -183,8 +201,20 @@ export async function executeBuild(
     executionResult.assetFiles.push(...result.additionalAssets);
   }
 
-  if (prerenderOptions) {
+  if (serverEntryPoint) {
     const prerenderedRoutes = executionResult.prerenderedRoutes;
+
+    // Regenerate the manifest to append prerendered routes data. This is only needed if SSR is enabled.
+    if (outputMode === OutputMode.Server && Object.keys(prerenderedRoutes).length) {
+      const manifest = executionResult.outputFiles.find(
+        (f) => f.path === SERVER_APP_ENGINE_MANIFEST_FILENAME,
+      );
+      assert(manifest, `${SERVER_APP_ENGINE_MANIFEST_FILENAME} was not found in output files.`);
+      manifest.contents = new TextEncoder().encode(
+        generateAngularServerAppEngineManifest(i18nOptions, baseHref, prerenderedRoutes),
+      );
+    }
+
     executionResult.addOutputFile(
       'prerendered-routes.json',
       JSON.stringify({ routes: prerenderedRoutes }, null, 2),

packages/angular/build/src/builders/application/execute-post-bundle.ts

@@ -12,17 +12,24 @@ import {
   BuildOutputFileType,
   InitialFileRecord,
 } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-context';
-import { BuildOutputAsset } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result';
+import {
+  BuildOutputAsset,
+  PrerenderedRoutesRecord,
+} from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result';
 import { generateIndexHtml } from '../../tools/esbuild/index-html-generator';
 import { createOutputFile } from '../../tools/esbuild/utils';
 import { maxWorkers } from '../../utils/environment-options';
 import {
   SERVER_APP_MANIFEST_FILENAME,
   generateAngularServerAppManifest,
 } from '../../utils/server-rendering/manifest';
+import { RouteRenderMode, SerializableRouteTreeNode } from '../../utils/server-rendering/models';
 import { prerenderPages } from '../../utils/server-rendering/prerender';
 import { augmentAppWithServiceWorkerEsbuild } from '../../utils/service-worker';
 import { INDEX_HTML_SERVER, NormalizedApplicationBuildOptions } from './options';
+import { OutputMode } from './schema';
+
+type Writeable<T extends readonly unknown[]> = T extends readonly (infer U)[] ? U[] : never;
 
 /**
  * Run additional builds steps including SSG, AppShell, Index HTML file and Service worker generation.
@@ -43,25 +50,26 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
   warnings: string[];
   additionalOutputFiles: BuildOutputFile[];
   additionalAssets: BuildOutputAsset[];
-  prerenderedRoutes: string[];
+  prerenderedRoutes: PrerenderedRoutesRecord;
 }> {
   const additionalAssets: BuildOutputAsset[] = [];
   const additionalOutputFiles: BuildOutputFile[] = [];
   const allErrors: string[] = [];
   const allWarnings: string[] = [];
-  const prerenderedRoutes: string[] = [];
+  const prerenderedRoutes: PrerenderedRoutesRecord = {};
 
   const {
     baseHref = '/',
     serviceWorker,
     indexHtmlOptions,
     optimizationOptions,
     sourcemapOptions,
-    ssrOptions,
+    outputMode,
+    serverEntryPoint,
     prerenderOptions,
     appShellOptions,
     workspaceRoot,
-    verbose,
+    disableFullServerManifestGeneration,
   } = options;
 
   // Index HTML content without CSS inlining to be used for server rendering (AppShell, SSG and SSR).
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
   }
 
   // Create server manifest
-  if (prerenderOptions || appShellOptions || ssrOptions) {
+  if (serverEntryPoint) {
     additionalOutputFiles.push(
       createOutputFile(
         SERVER_APP_MANIFEST_FILENAME,
@@ -106,6 +114,7 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
           outputFiles,
           optimizationOptions.styles.inlineCritical ?? false,
           undefined,
+          locale,
         ),
         BuildOutputFileType.Server,
       ),
@@ -114,36 +123,32 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
 
   // Pre-render (SSG) and App-shell
   // If localization is enabled, prerendering is handled in the inlining process.
-  if ((prerenderOptions || appShellOptions) && !allErrors.length) {
+  if (
+    !disableFullServerManifestGeneration &&
+    (prerenderOptions || appShellOptions || (outputMode && serverEntryPoint)) &&
+    !allErrors.length
+  ) {
     assert(
       indexHtmlOptions,
       'The "index" option is required when using the "ssg" or "appShell" options.',
     );
 
-    const {
-      output,
-      warnings,
-      errors,
-      prerenderedRoutes: generatedRoutes,
-      serializableRouteTreeNode,
-    } = await prerenderPages(
+    const { output, warnings, errors, serializableRouteTreeNode } = await prerenderPages(
       workspaceRoot,
       baseHref,
       appShellOptions,
       prerenderOptions,
       [...outputFiles, ...additionalOutputFiles],
       assetFiles,
+      outputMode,
       sourcemapOptions.scripts,
       maxWorkers,
-      verbose,
     );
 
     allErrors.push(...errors);
     allWarnings.push(...warnings);
-    prerenderedRoutes.push(...Array.from(generatedRoutes));
-
-    const indexHasBeenPrerendered = generatedRoutes.has(indexHtmlOptions.output);
 
+    const indexHasBeenPrerendered = output[indexHtmlOptions.output];
     for (const [path, { content, appShellRoute }] of Object.entries(output)) {
       // Update the index contents with the app shell under these conditions:
       // - Replace 'index.html' with the app shell only if it hasn't been prerendered yet.
@@ -155,7 +160,26 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
       );
     }
 
-    if (ssrOptions) {
+    const serializableRouteTreeNodeForManifest: Writeable<SerializableRouteTreeNode> = [];
+
+    for (const metadata of serializableRouteTreeNode) {
+      switch (metadata.renderMode) {
+        case RouteRenderMode.Prerender:
+        case /* Legacy building mode */ undefined: {
+          if (!metadata.redirectTo || outputMode === OutputMode.Static) {
+            prerenderedRoutes[metadata.route] = { headers: metadata.headers };
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case RouteRenderMode.Server:
+        case RouteRenderMode.Client:
+          serializableRouteTreeNodeForManifest.push(metadata);
+
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (outputMode === OutputMode.Server) {
       // Regenerate the manifest to append route tree. This is only needed if SSR is enabled.
       const manifest = additionalOutputFiles.find((f) => f.path === SERVER_APP_MANIFEST_FILENAME);
       assert(manifest, `${SERVER_APP_MANIFEST_FILENAME} was not found in output files.`);
@@ -165,7 +189,8 @@ export async function executePostBundleSteps(
           additionalHtmlOutputFiles,
           outputFiles,
           optimizationOptions.styles.inlineCritical ?? false,
-          serializableRouteTreeNode,
+          serializableRouteTreeNodeForManifest,
+          locale,
         ),
       );
     }

packages/angular/build/src/builders/application/i18n.ts

@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
  */
 
 import { BuilderContext } from '@angular-devkit/architect';
-import { join, posix } from 'node:path';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { BuildOutputFileType, InitialFileRecord } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-context';
-import { ExecutionResult } from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result';
+import {
+  ExecutionResult,
+  PrerenderedRoutesRecord,
+} from '../../tools/esbuild/bundler-execution-result';
 import { I18nInliner } from '../../tools/esbuild/i18n-inliner';
 import { maxWorkers } from '../../utils/environment-options';
 import { loadTranslations } from '../../utils/i18n-options';
@@ -28,7 +31,11 @@ export async function inlineI18n(
   options: NormalizedApplicationBuildOptions,
   executionResult: ExecutionResult,
   initialFiles: Map<string, InitialFileRecord>,
-): Promise<{ errors: string[]; warnings: string[]; prerenderedRoutes: string[] }> {
+): Promise<{
+  errors: string[];
+  warnings: string[];
+  prerenderedRoutes: PrerenderedRoutesRecord;
+}> {
   // Create the multi-threaded inliner with common options and the files generated from the build.
   const inliner = new I18nInliner(
     {
@@ -39,10 +46,14 @@ export async function inlineI18n(
     maxWorkers,
   );
 
-  const inlineResult: { errors: string[]; warnings: string[]; prerenderedRoutes: string[] } = {
+  const inlineResult: {
+    errors: string[];
+    warnings: string[];
+    prerenderedRoutes: PrerenderedRoutesRecord;
+  } = {
     errors: [],
     warnings: [],
-    prerenderedRoutes: [],
+    prerenderedRoutes: {},
   };
 
   // For each active locale, use the inliner to process the output files of the build.
@@ -95,15 +106,11 @@ export async function inlineI18n(
             destination: join(locale, assetFile.destination),
           });
         }
-
-        inlineResult.prerenderedRoutes.push(
-          ...generatedRoutes.map((route) => posix.join('/', locale, route)),
-        );
       } else {
-        inlineResult.prerenderedRoutes.push(...generatedRoutes);
         executionResult.assetFiles.push(...additionalAssets);
       }
 
+      inlineResult.prerenderedRoutes = { ...inlineResult.prerenderedRoutes, ...generatedRoutes };
       updatedOutputFiles.push(...localeOutputFiles);
     }
   } finally {
@@ -112,8 +119,10 @@ export async function inlineI18n(
 
   // Update the result with all localized files.
   executionResult.outputFiles = [
-    // Root files are not modified.
-    ...executionResult.outputFiles.filter(({ type }) => type === BuildOutputFileType.Root),
+    // Root and SSR entry files are not modified.
+    ...executionResult.outputFiles.filter(
+      ({ type }) => type === BuildOutputFileType.Root || type === BuildOutputFileType.SSRServer,
+    ),
     // Updated files for each locale.
     ...updatedOutputFiles,
   ];

packages/angular/build/src/builders/application/index.ts

@@ -88,16 +88,16 @@ export async function* buildApplicationInternal(
 
   yield* runEsBuildBuildAction(
     async (rebuildState) => {
-      const { prerenderOptions, jsonLogs } = normalizedOptions;
+      const { serverEntryPoint, jsonLogs } = normalizedOptions;
 
       const startTime = process.hrtime.bigint();
       const result = await executeBuild(normalizedOptions, context, rebuildState);
 
       if (jsonLogs) {
         result.addLog(await createJsonBuildManifest(result, normalizedOptions));
       } else {
-        if (prerenderOptions) {
-          const prerenderedRoutesLength = result.prerenderedRoutes.length;
+        if (serverEntryPoint) {
+          const prerenderedRoutesLength = Object.keys(result.prerenderedRoutes).length;
           let prerenderMsg = `Prerendered ${prerenderedRoutesLength} static route`;
           prerenderMsg += prerenderedRoutesLength !== 1 ? 's.' : '.';
 
@@ -225,7 +225,10 @@ export async function* buildApplication(
     // Writes the output files to disk and ensures the containing directories are present
     const directoryExists = new Set<string>();
     await emitFilesToDisk(Object.entries(result.files), async ([filePath, file]) => {
-      if (outputOptions.ignoreServer && file.type === BuildOutputFileType.Server) {
+      if (
+        outputOptions.ignoreServer &&
+        (file.type === BuildOutputFileType.Server || file.type === BuildOutputFileType.SSRServer)
+      ) {
         return;
       }
 
@@ -236,6 +239,7 @@ export async function* buildApplication(
           typeDirectory = outputOptions.browser;
           break;
         case BuildOutputFileType.Server:
+        case BuildOutputFileType.SSRServer:
           typeDirectory = outputOptions.server;
           break;
         case BuildOutputFileType.Root: