fix(@angular/build): warn and remove jsdom launcher when used with karma

The jsdom package does not currently support execution of ESM scripts. Attempting
to use the karma jsdom launcher will cause test failures with potentially
unclear error messages after the tests have been built and have started to execute.
The karma application builder test runner will now issue a warning
describing the problem and remove the jsdom launcher from the `browsers` option.
The warning will be shown while analyzing the options and prior to the actual
start of the test process.

Author: clydin

Diff for: packages/angular/build/src/builders/karma/application_builder.ts

@@ -361,6 +361,7 @@ async function collectEntrypoints(
   return getTestEntrypoints(testFiles, { projectSourceRoot, workspaceRoot: context.workspaceRoot });
 }
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line max-lines-per-function
 async function initializeApplication(
   options: KarmaBuilderOptions,
   context: BuilderContext,
@@ -508,6 +509,17 @@ async function initializeApplication(
     { promiseConfig: true, throwErrors: true },
   );
 
+  // Check for jsdom which does not support executing ESM scripts.
+  // If present, remove jsdom and issue a warning.
+  const updatedBrowsers = parsedKarmaConfig.browsers?.filter((browser) => browser !== 'jsdom');
+  if (parsedKarmaConfig.browsers?.length !== updatedBrowsers?.length) {
+    parsedKarmaConfig.browsers = updatedBrowsers;
+    context.logger.warn(
+      `'jsdom' does not support ESM code execution and cannot be used for karma testing.` +
+        ` The 'jsdom' entry has been removed from the 'browsers' option.`,
+    );
+  }
+
   // Remove the webpack plugin/framework:
   // Alternative would be to make the Karma plugin "smart" but that's a tall order
   // with managing unneeded imports etc..

Diff for: packages/angular/build/src/builders/karma/index.ts

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function getBaseKarmaOptions(
 
   // Convert browsers from a string to an array
   if (typeof options.browsers === 'string' && options.browsers) {
-    karmaOptions.browsers = options.browsers.split(',');
+    karmaOptions.browsers = options.browsers.split(',').map((browser) => browser.trim());
   } else if (options.browsers === false) {
     karmaOptions.browsers = [];
   }

Diff for: packages/angular/build/src/builders/karma/tests/options/browsers_spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.dev/license
+ */
+
+import { execute } from '../../index';
+import { BASE_OPTIONS, KARMA_BUILDER_INFO, describeKarmaBuilder } from '../setup';
+
+describeKarmaBuilder(execute, KARMA_BUILDER_INFO, (harness, setupTarget) => {
+  describe('Option: "browsers"', () => {
+    it('should warn if jsdom is used', async () => {
+      await setupTarget(harness);
+
+      harness.useTarget('test', {
+        ...BASE_OPTIONS,
+        browsers: BASE_OPTIONS.browsers + ',jsdom',
+      });
+
+      const { result, logs } = await harness.executeOnce();
+      expect(result?.success).toBeTrue();
+      expect(logs).toContain(
+        jasmine.objectContaining({
+          message: jasmine.stringMatching(
+            `'jsdom' does not support ESM code execution and cannot be used for karma testing.`,
+          ),
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});