fix(@angular/build): show error when Node.js built-ins are used during ng serve

This commit ensures consistent behavior between `ng build` and `ng serve`. Previously, `ng serve` did not display an error message when Node.js built-in modules were included in browser bundles. By default, Vite replaces Node.js built-ins with empty modules, which can lead to unexpected runtime issues. This update addresses the problem by surfacing clear error messages, providing better developer feedback and alignment between the two commands.

Closes: #27425
(cherry picked from commit 06f478b)

Author: alan-agius4

Diff for: packages/angular/build/src/builders/dev-server/vite-server.ts

@@ -819,6 +819,26 @@ function getDepOptimizationConfig({
   thirdPartySourcemaps: boolean;
 }): DepOptimizationConfig {
   const plugins: ViteEsBuildPlugin[] = [
+    {
+      name: 'angular-browser-node-built-in',
+      setup(build) {
+        // This namespace is configured by vite.
+        // @see: https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/a1dd396da856401a12c921d0cd2c4e97cb63f1b5/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/esbuildDepPlugin.ts#L109
+        build.onLoad({ filter: /.*/, namespace: 'browser-external' }, (args) => {
+          if (!isBuiltin(args.path)) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          return {
+            errors: [
+              {
+                text: `The package "${args.path}" wasn't found on the file system but is built into node.`,
+              },
+            ],
+          };
+        });
+      },
+    },
     {
       name: `angular-vite-optimize-deps${ssr ? '-ssr' : ''}${
         thirdPartySourcemaps ? '-vendor-sourcemap' : ''

Diff for: tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/vite/browser-node-module-dep-error.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+import { execAndWaitForOutputToMatch, ng } from '../../utils/process';
+import { writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
+import { getGlobalVariable } from '../../utils/env';
+
+export default async function () {
+  assert(
+    getGlobalVariable('argv')['esbuild'],
+    'This test should not be called in the Webpack suite.',
+  );
+
+  await ng('cache', 'clean');
+  await ng('cache', 'on');
+
+  await writeFile('src/main.ts', `import '@angular-devkit/core/node';`);
+
+  const { stderr } = await execAndWaitForOutputToMatch('ng', ['serve'], /ERROR.+node:path/, {
+    CI: '0',
+    NO_COLOR: 'true',
+  });
+
+  assert.match(
+    stderr,
+    /The package "node:path" wasn't found on the file system but is built into node/,
+  );
+}

Diff for: tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/vite/reuse-dep-optimization-cache.ts

@@ -1,43 +1,35 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert';
+import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { findFreePort } from '../../utils/network';
-import {
-  execAndWaitForOutputToMatch,
-  killAllProcesses,
-  ng,
-  waitForAnyProcessOutputToMatch,
-} from '../../utils/process';
+import { execAndWaitForOutputToMatch, killAllProcesses, ng } from '../../utils/process';
 
 export default async function () {
   await ng('cache', 'clean');
   await ng('cache', 'on');
 
   const port = await findFreePort();
 
-  // Make sure serve is consistent with build
-  await execAndWaitForOutputToMatch(
-    'ng',
-    ['serve', '--port', `${port}`],
-    /Dependencies bundled/,
-    // Use CI:0 to force caching
-    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0' },
-  );
+  const [, response] = await Promise.all([
+    execAndWaitForOutputToMatch(
+      'ng',
+      ['serve', '--port', `${port}`],
+      /dependencies optimized/,
+      // Use CI:0 to force caching
+      { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0', NO_COLOR: 'true' },
+    ),
+    setTimeout(4_000).then(() => fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/main.js`)),
+  ]);
 
-  // Make request so that vite writes the cache.
-  const response = await fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/main.js`);
   assert(response.ok, `Expected 'response.ok' to be 'true'.`);
 
-  // Wait for vite to write to FS and stablize.
-  await waitForAnyProcessOutputToMatch(/dependencies optimized/, 5000);
-
   // Terminate the dev-server
   await killAllProcesses();
 
-  // The Node.js specific module should not be found
   await execAndWaitForOutputToMatch(
     'ng',
     ['serve', '--port=0'],
     /Hash is consistent\. Skipping/,
     // Use CI:0 to force caching
-    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0' },
+    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0', NO_COLOR: 'true' },
   );
 }