tools/testing/selftests/proc: test /proc/*/fd a bit (+ PF_KTHREAD is ABI!)

* Test lookup in /proc/self/fd.
  "map_files" lookup story showed that lookup is not that simple.

* Test that all those symlinks open the same file.
  Check with (st_dev, st_info).

* Test that kernel threads do not have anything in their /proc/*/fd/
  directory.

Now this is where things get interesting.

First, kernel threads aren't pinned by /proc/self or equivalent,
thus some "atomicity" is required.

Second, ->comm can contain whitespace and ')'.
No, they are not escaped.

Third, the only reliable way to check if process is kernel thread
appears to be field #9 in /proc/*/stat.

This field is struct task_struct::flags in decimal!
Check is done by testing PF_KTHREAD flags like we do in kernel.

	PF_KTREAD value is a part of userspace ABI !!!

Other methods for determining kernel threadness are not reliable:
* RSS can be 0 if everything is swapped, even while reading
  from /proc/self.

* ->total_vm CAN BE ZERO if process is finishing

	munmap(NULL, whole address space);

* /proc/*/maps and similar files can be empty because unmapping
  everything works. Read returning 0 can't distinguish between
  kernel thread and such suicide process.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180505000414.GA15090@avx2
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

Author: Alexey Dobriyan

tools/testing/selftests/proc/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/fd-001-lookup
+/fd-002-posix-eq
+/fd-003-kthread
 /proc-loadavg-001
 /proc-self-map-files-001
 /proc-self-map-files-002

tools/testing/selftests/proc/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-CFLAGS += -Wall -O2
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -Wno-unused-function
 
 TEST_GEN_PROGS :=
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += fd-001-lookup
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += fd-002-posix-eq
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += fd-003-kthread
 TEST_GEN_PROGS += proc-loadavg-001
 TEST_GEN_PROGS += proc-self-map-files-001
 TEST_GEN_PROGS += proc-self-map-files-002

tools/testing/selftests/proc/fd-001-lookup.c

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2018 Alexey Dobriyan <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+// Test /proc/*/fd lookup.
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "proc.h"
+
+/* lstat(2) has more "coverage" in case non-symlink pops up somehow. */
+static void test_lookup_pass(const char *pathname)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	ssize_t rv;
+
+	memset(&st, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
+	rv = lstat(pathname, &st);
+	assert(rv == 0);
+	assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
+}
+
+static void test_lookup_fail(const char *pathname)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	ssize_t rv;
+
+	rv = lstat(pathname, &st);
+	assert(rv == -1 && errno == ENOENT);
+}
+
+static void test_lookup(unsigned int fd)
+{
+	char buf[64];
+	unsigned int c;
+	unsigned int u;
+	int i;
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", fd);
+	test_lookup_pass(buf);
+
+	/* leading junk */
+	for (c = 1; c <= 255; c++) {
+		if (c == '/')
+			continue;
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%c%u", c, fd);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+
+	/* trailing junk */
+	for (c = 1; c <= 255; c++) {
+		if (c == '/')
+			continue;
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u%c", fd, c);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+
+	for (i = INT_MIN; i < INT_MIN + 1024; i++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%d", i);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+	for (i = -1024; i < 0; i++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%d", i);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+	for (u = INT_MAX - 1024; u <= (unsigned int)INT_MAX + 1024; u++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", u);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+	for (u = UINT_MAX - 1024; u != 0; u++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", u);
+		test_lookup_fail(buf);
+	}
+
+
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	struct dirent *de;
+	unsigned int fd, target_fd;
+
+	if (unshare(CLONE_FILES) == -1)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Wipe fdtable. */
+	do {
+		DIR *d;
+
+		d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
+		if (!d)
+			return 1;
+
+		de = xreaddir(d);
+		assert(de->d_type == DT_DIR);
+		assert(streq(de->d_name, "."));
+
+		de = xreaddir(d);
+		assert(de->d_type == DT_DIR);
+		assert(streq(de->d_name, ".."));
+next:
+		de = xreaddir(d);
+		if (de) {
+			unsigned long long fd_ull;
+			unsigned int fd;
+			char *end;
+
+			assert(de->d_type == DT_LNK);
+
+			fd_ull = xstrtoull(de->d_name, &end);
+			assert(*end == '\0');
+			assert(fd_ull == (unsigned int)fd_ull);
+
+			fd = fd_ull;
+			if (fd == dirfd(d))
+				goto next;
+			close(fd);
+		}
+
+		closedir(d);
+	} while (de);
+
+	/* Now fdtable is clean. */
+
+	fd = open("/", O_PATH|O_DIRECTORY);
+	assert(fd == 0);
+	test_lookup(fd);
+	close(fd);
+
+	/* Clean again! */
+
+	fd = open("/", O_PATH|O_DIRECTORY);
+	assert(fd == 0);
+	/* Default RLIMIT_NOFILE-1 */
+	target_fd = 1023;
+	while (target_fd > 0) {
+		if (dup2(fd, target_fd) == target_fd)
+			break;
+		target_fd /= 2;
+	}
+	assert(target_fd > 0);
+	close(fd);
+	test_lookup(target_fd);
+	close(target_fd);
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/proc/fd-002-posix-eq.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2018 Alexey Dobriyan <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+// Test that open(/proc/*/fd/*) opens the same file.
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int fd0, fd1, fd2;
+	struct stat st0, st1, st2;
+	char buf[64];
+	int rv;
+
+	fd0 = open("/", O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY);
+	assert(fd0 >= 0);
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/fd/%u", fd0);
+	fd1 = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
+	assert(fd1 >= 0);
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/thread-self/fd/%u", fd0);
+	fd2 = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
+	assert(fd2 >= 0);
+
+	rv = fstat(fd0, &st0);
+	assert(rv == 0);
+	rv = fstat(fd1, &st1);
+	assert(rv == 0);
+	rv = fstat(fd2, &st2);
+	assert(rv == 0);
+
+	assert(st0.st_dev == st1.st_dev);
+	assert(st0.st_ino == st1.st_ino);
+
+	assert(st0.st_dev == st2.st_dev);
+	assert(st0.st_ino == st2.st_ino);
+
+	return 0;
+}