diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index 6f56f7a..2683f9d 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     "@andrewbranch/untar.js": "^1.0.3",
     "cjs-module-lexer": "^1.2.3",
     "fflate": "^0.8.2",
+    "lru-cache": "^11.0.1",
     "semver": "^7.5.4",
     "typescript": "5.6.1-rc",
     "validate-npm-package-name": "^5.0.0"
diff --git a/packages/core/src/internal/multiCompilerHost.ts b/packages/core/src/internal/multiCompilerHost.ts
index ff77c03..9fb3717 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/internal/multiCompilerHost.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/internal/multiCompilerHost.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import ts from "typescript";
+import { LRUCache } from "lru-cache";
 import type { ModuleKind } from "../types.js";
 import type { Package } from "../createPackage.js";
 
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ const getCanonicalFileName = ts.createGetCanonicalFileName(false);
 const toPath = (fileName: string) => ts.toPath(fileName, "/", getCanonicalFileName);
 
 export class CompilerHostWrapper {
+  private programCache = new LRUCache<string, ts.Program>({ max: 2 });
   private compilerHost: ts.CompilerHost;
   private compilerOptions: ts.CompilerOptions;
   private normalModuleResolutionCache: ts.ModuleResolutionCache;
@@ -162,12 +164,17 @@ export class CompilerHostWrapper {
     return `${resolutionMode ?? 1}:${+!!noDtsResolution}:${+!!allowJs}:${moduleSpecifier}`;
   }
 
+  private getProgram(rootNames: readonly string[], options: ts.CompilerOptions) {
+    const key = programKey(rootNames, options);
+    let program = this.programCache.get(key);
+    if (!program) {
+      this.programCache.set(key, (program = ts.createProgram({ rootNames, options, host: this.compilerHost })));
+    }
+    return program;
+  }
+
   createPrimaryProgram(rootName: string) {
-    const program = ts.createProgram({
-      rootNames: [rootName],
-      options: this.compilerOptions,
-      host: this.compilerHost,
-    });
+    const program = this.getProgram([rootName], this.compilerOptions);
 
     program.resolvedModules?.forEach((cache, path) => {
       let ownCache = this.resolvedModules.get(path);
@@ -199,11 +206,8 @@ export class CompilerHostWrapper {
     ) {
       throw new Error("Cannot override resolution-affecting options for host due to potential cache polution");
     }
-    return ts.createProgram({
-      rootNames,
-      options: extraOptions ? { ...this.compilerOptions, ...extraOptions } : this.compilerOptions,
-      host: this.compilerHost,
-    });
+    const options = extraOptions ? { ...this.compilerOptions, ...extraOptions } : this.compilerOptions;
+    return this.getProgram(rootNames, options);
   }
 
   getResolvedModule(sourceFile: ts.SourceFile, moduleName: string, resolutionMode: ts.ResolutionMode) {
@@ -304,3 +308,7 @@ class TraceCollector {
     this.traces.length = 0;
   }
 }
+
+function programKey(rootNames: readonly string[], options: ts.CompilerOptions) {
+  return JSON.stringify([rootNames, Object.entries(options).sort(([k1], [k2]) => k1.localeCompare(k2))]);
+}
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 61e6946..2350a9c 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ importers:
       fflate:
         specifier: ^0.8.2
         version: 0.8.2
+      lru-cache:
+        specifier: ^11.0.1
+        version: 11.0.1
       semver:
         specifier: ^7.5.4
         version: 7.5.4
@@ -1434,6 +1437,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-IJ4uwUTi2qCccrioU6g9g/5rvvVl13bsdczUUcqbciD9iLr095yj8DQKdObriEvuNSx325N1rV1O0sJFszx75g==}
     engines: {node: 14 || >=16.14}
 
+  lru-cache@11.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CgeuL5uom6j/ZVrg7G/+1IXqRY8JXX4Hghfy5YE0EhoYQWvndP1kufu58cmZLNIDKnRhZrXfdS9urVWx98AipQ==}
+    engines: {node: 20 || >=22}
+
   lru-cache@4.1.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-sWZlbEP2OsHNkXrMl5GYk/jKk70MBng6UU4YI/qGDYbgf6YbP4EvmqISbXCoJiRKs+1bSpFHVgQxvJ17F2li5g==}
 
@@ -3686,6 +3693,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   lru-cache@10.0.1: {}
 
+  lru-cache@11.0.1: {}
+
   lru-cache@4.1.5:
     dependencies:
       pseudomap: 1.0.2