Throw a wasm RuntimeError in abort (emscripten-core#9730)

Other JS errors may be seen as foreign exceptions which means native
wasm exception handling will run destructors, but we do not want anything
to run, and to just abort.

Fixes emscripten-core#9715

Author: kripken

src/preamble.js

@@ -719,17 +719,25 @@ function abort(what) {
   EXITSTATUS = 1;
 
 #if ASSERTIONS == 0
-  throw 'abort(' + what + '). Build with -s ASSERTIONS=1 for more info.';
+  what = 'abort(' + what + '). Build with -s ASSERTIONS=1 for more info.';
 #else
-  var extra = '';
-  var output = 'abort(' + what + ') at ' + stackTrace() + extra;
+  var output = 'abort(' + what + ') at ' + stackTrace();
 #if EMTERPRETIFY_ASYNC
   abortDecorators.forEach(function(decorator) {
     output = decorator(output, what);
   });
 #endif
-  throw output;
+  what = output;
 #endif // ASSERTIONS
+
+  // Throw a wasm runtime error, because a JS error might be seen as a foreign
+  // exception, which means we'd run destructors on it. We need the error to
+  // simply make the program stop.
+#if WASM
+  throw new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);
+#else
+  throw what;
+#endif
 }
 
 #if RELOCATABLE

src/wasm2js.js

@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ WebAssembly = {
         });
       }
     };
-  }
+  },
+
+  RuntimeError: Error
 };
 
 // We don't need to actually download a wasm binary, mark it as present but empty.