algorithm: Liouville lambda function (TheAlgorithms#540)

Author: itsAkshayDubey

math/liouville.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// liouville.go
+// description: Returns λ(n)
+// details:
+// For any positive integer n, define λ(n) as the sum of the primitive nth roots of unity.
+// It has values in {−1, 1} depending on the factorization of n into prime factors:
+//   λ(n) = +1 if n is a positive integer with an even number of prime factors.
+//   λ(n) = −1 if n is a positive integer with an odd number of prime factors.
+// wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_function
+// author: Akshay Dubey (https://github.com/itsAkshayDubey)
+// see liouville_test.go
+
+package math
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/TheAlgorithms/Go/math/prime"
+)
+
+var ErrNonZeroArgsOnly error = errors.New("arguments cannot be zero")
+
+// Lambda is the liouville function
+// This function returns λ(n) for given number
+func LiouvilleLambda(n int) (int, error) {
+	switch {
+	case n < 0:
+		return 0, ErrPosArgsOnly
+	case n == 0:
+		return 0, ErrNonZeroArgsOnly
+	case len(prime.Factorize(int64(n)))%2 == 0:
+		return 1, nil
+	default:
+		return -1, nil
+	}
+}

math/liouville_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// liouville_test.go
+// description: Returns λ(n)
+// author: Akshay Dubey (https://github.com/itsAkshayDubey)
+// see liouville.go
+
+package math_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/TheAlgorithms/Go/math"
+)
+
+func TestLiouvilleLambda(t *testing.T) {
+	var tests = []struct {
+		name          string
+		n             int
+		expectedValue int
+		expectedError error
+	}{
+		{"n = 10", 10, 1, nil},
+		{"n = 11", 11, -1, nil},
+		{"n = -1", -1, 0, math.ErrPosArgsOnly},
+		{"n = 0", 0, 0, math.ErrNonZeroArgsOnly},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := math.LiouvilleLambda(test.n)
+			if result != test.expectedValue || test.expectedError != err {
+				t.Errorf("expected error: %s, got: %s; expected value: %v, got: %v", test.expectedError, err, test.expectedValue, result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func BenchmarkLiouvilleLambda(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		_, _ = math.LiouvilleLambda(65536)
+	}
+}