Remove dependency on git versions of embassy

The move from unstable dependencies pulled directly from Github to the
crates.io version required several changes:

- Update of other dependencies to match the expectations of the crates
.io versions.
- Use `impl_trait_in_assoc_type` instead of `type_alias_impl_trait`
feature. See rust-lang/rust#63063
- Remove unstable features of dependencies.

Author: Norbert Fabritius

examples/linux/Cargo.lock

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ name = "linux"
 path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
-embassy-executor = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["arch-std", "executor-thread", "integrated-timers", "log", "nightly"] }
+embassy-executor = { version = "0.6.0", features = ["arch-std", "executor-thread", "integrated-timers", "log", "nightly"] }
 embassy-sync = { version = "0.5.0" }
-embassy-time = { version = "0.1.3", features = ["log", "std"] }
+embassy-time = { version = "0.3.2", features = ["log", "std"] }
 futures = "0.3.28"
 heapless = "0.7.16"
 hex = "0.4.3"

examples/linux/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)] // Required for embassy
+#![feature(impl_trait_in_assoc_type)] // Required for embassy
 
 use embassy_executor::Spawner;
 use embassy_sync::blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex;