[SPATIAL] Backport new ShapeFieldMapper and ShapeQueryBuilder to 7x (#45363)

* Introduce Spatial Plugin (#44389)

Introduce a skeleton Spatial plugin that holds new licensed features coming to 
Geo/Spatial land!

* [GEO] Refactor DeprecatedParameters in AbstractGeometryFieldMapper (#44923)

Refactor DeprecatedParameters specific to legacy geo_shape out of
AbstractGeometryFieldMapper.TypeParser#parse.

* [SPATIAL] New ShapeFieldMapper for indexing cartesian geometries (#44980)

Add a new ShapeFieldMapper to the xpack spatial module for
indexing arbitrary cartesian geometries using a new field type called shape.
The indexing approach leverages lucene's new XYShape field type which is
backed by BKD in the same manner as LatLonShape but without the WGS84
latitude longitude restrictions. The new field mapper builds on and
extends the refactoring effort in AbstractGeometryFieldMapper and accepts
shapes in either GeoJSON or WKT format (both of which support non geospatial
geometries).

Tests are provided in the ShapeFieldMapperTest class in the same manner
as GeoShapeFieldMapperTests and LegacyGeoShapeFieldMapperTests.
Documentation for how to use the new field type and what parameters are
accepted is included. The QueryBuilder for searching indexed shapes is
provided in a separate commit.

* [SPATIAL] New ShapeQueryBuilder for querying indexed cartesian geometry (#45108)

Add a new ShapeQueryBuilder to the xpack spatial module for
querying arbitrary Cartesian geometries indexed using the new shape field
type.

The query builder extends AbstractGeometryQueryBuilder and leverages the
ShapeQueryProcessor added in the previous field mapper commit.

Tests are provided in ShapeQueryTests in the same manner as
GeoShapeQueryTests and docs are updated to explain how the query works.

Author: nknize

docs/reference/mapping/types.asciidoc

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ string::         <<text,`text`>> and <<keyword,`keyword`>>
 
 <<flattened>>:: Allows an entire JSON object to be indexed as a single field.
 
+<<shape>>:: `shape` for arbitrary cartesian geometries.
+
 [float]
 [[types-array-handling]]
 === Arrays
@@ -121,4 +123,6 @@ include::types/sparse-vector.asciidoc[]
 
 include::types/text.asciidoc[]
 
-include::types/token-count.asciidoc[]
+include::types/token-count.asciidoc[]
+
+include::types/shape.asciidoc[]

docs/reference/mapping/types/geo-shape.asciidoc

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ differs from many Geospatial APIs (e.g., Google Maps) that generally
 use the colloquial latitude, longitude (Y, X).
 =============================================
 
-[[point]]
+[[geo-point-type]]
 [float]
 ===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id2[Point]
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ POST /example/_doc
 // CONSOLE
 
 [float]
-[[linestring]]
+[[geo-linestring]]
 ===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id3[LineString]
 
 A `linestring` defined by an array of two or more positions. By
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ The above `linestring` would draw a straight line starting at the White
 House to the US Capitol Building.
 
 [float]
-[[polygon]]
+[[geo-polygon]]
 ===== http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id4[Polygon]
 
 A polygon is defined by a list of a list of points. The first and last
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ POST /example/_doc
 // CONSOLE
 
 [float]
-[[multipoint]]
+[[geo-multipoint]]
 ===== http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id5[MultiPoint]
 
 The following is an example of a list of geojson points:
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ POST /example/_doc
 // CONSOLE
 
 [float]
-[[multilinestring]]
+[[geo-multilinestring]]
 ===== http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id6[MultiLineString]
 
 The following is an example of a list of geojson linestrings:
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ POST /example/_doc
 // CONSOLE
 
 [float]
-[[multipolygon]]
+[[geo-multipolygon]]
 ===== http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id7[MultiPolygon]
 
 The following is an example of a list of geojson polygons (second polygon contains a hole):
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ POST /example/_doc
 // CONSOLE
 
 [float]
-[[geometry_collection]]
+[[geo-geometry_collection]]
 ===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#geometrycollection[Geometry Collection]
 
 The following is an example of a collection of geojson geometry objects: