ESQL: Fix EsqlNodeSubclassTest failure from mutating (#125503) (#125513)

We shouldn't mutate LogicalPlan.child().output() (or just
LogicalPlan.output()); we did so in RENAME, but only in
EsqlNodeSubclassTest, making them flaky.

>The PR at #122250 seems to
have created a flaky test failure in `EsqlNodeSubclassTests`. Local runs
with `-Dtests.iters=100` lead to about two dozen failures in over 70k
tests run. This is not a high failure rate, but still requires
addressing. > >The single line added to the Analyzer by that PR causes
an `UnsupportedOperationException` on attempting to mutate an immutable
collection when running `EsqlNodeSubclassTests`. It turns out that this
code path comes from `Rename.output()` which is only called in test
scenarios. So a quick fix is to copy the child output into a mutable
collection.

Author: alex-spies

x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/analysis/Analyzer.java

@@ -441,6 +441,8 @@ protected LogicalPlan doRule(LogicalPlan plan) {
             }
             final List<Attribute> childrenOutput = new ArrayList<>();
 
+            // Gather all the children's output in case of non-unary plans; even for unaries, we need to copy because we may mutate this to
+            // simplify resolution of e.g. RENAME.
             for (LogicalPlan child : plan.children()) {
                 var output = child.output();
                 childrenOutput.addAll(output);
@@ -844,6 +846,10 @@ private LogicalPlan resolveRename(Rename rename, List<Attribute> childrenOutput)
             return new EsqlProject(rename.source(), rename.child(), projections);
         }
 
+        /**
+         * This will turn a {@link Rename} into an equivalent {@link Project}.
+         * Can mutate {@code childrenOutput}; hand this a copy if you want to avoid mutation.
+         */
         public static List<NamedExpression> projectionsForRename(Rename rename, List<Attribute> childrenOutput, Logger logger) {
             List<NamedExpression> projections = new ArrayList<>(childrenOutput);
 

x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/plan/logical/Rename.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.tree.Source;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.expression.function.UnsupportedAttribute;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -47,7 +48,11 @@ public List<Alias> renamings() {
     @Override
     public List<Attribute> output() {
         // Normally shouldn't reach here, as Rename only exists before resolution.
-        List<NamedExpression> projectionsAfterResolution = ResolveRefs.projectionsForRename(this, this.child().output(), null);
+        List<NamedExpression> projectionsAfterResolution = ResolveRefs.projectionsForRename(
+            this,
+            new ArrayList<>(this.child().output()),
+            null
+        );
 
         return Expressions.asAttributes(projectionsAfterResolution);
     }