pythongh-117142: Slightliy hacky fix for memory leak of StgInfo

Add a funciton that inlines PyObject_GetTypeData and skips
type-checking, so it doesn't need access to the CType_Type object.
This will break if the memory layout changes, but should
be an acceptable solution to enable ctypes in subinterpreters in
Python 3.13.

Author: encukou

Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c

@@ -454,20 +454,17 @@ class _ctypes.CType_Type "PyObject *" "clinic_state()->CType_Type"
 static int
 CType_Type_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
-    ctypes_state *st = get_module_state_by_def_final(Py_TYPE(self));
-    if (st && st->PyCType_Type) {
-        StgInfo *info;
-        if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, self, &info) < 0) {
-            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
-        }
-        if (info) {
-            Py_VISIT(info->proto);
-            Py_VISIT(info->argtypes);
-            Py_VISIT(info->converters);
-            Py_VISIT(info->restype);
-            Py_VISIT(info->checker);
-            Py_VISIT(info->module);
-        }
+    StgInfo *info = _PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(self);
+    if (!info) {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
+    }
+    if (info) {
+        Py_VISIT(info->proto);
+        Py_VISIT(info->argtypes);
+        Py_VISIT(info->converters);
+        Py_VISIT(info->restype);
+        Py_VISIT(info->checker);
+        Py_VISIT(info->module);
     }
     Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
     return PyType_Type.tp_traverse(self, visit, arg);
@@ -488,38 +485,33 @@ ctype_clear_stginfo(StgInfo *info)
 static int
 CType_Type_clear(PyObject *self)
 {
-    ctypes_state *st = get_module_state_by_def_final(Py_TYPE(self));
-    if (st && st->PyCType_Type) {
-        StgInfo *info;
-        if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, self, &info) < 0) {
-            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
-        }
-        if (info) {
-            ctype_clear_stginfo(info);
-        }
+    StgInfo *info = _PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(self);
+    if (!info) {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
+    }
+    if (info) {
+        ctype_clear_stginfo(info);
     }
     return PyType_Type.tp_clear(self);
 }
 
 static void
 CType_Type_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
-    ctypes_state *st = get_module_state_by_def_final(Py_TYPE(self));
-    if (st && st->PyCType_Type) {
-        StgInfo *info;
-        if (PyStgInfo_FromType(st, self, &info) < 0) {
-            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
-        }
-        if (info) {
-            PyMem_Free(info->ffi_type_pointer.elements);
-            info->ffi_type_pointer.elements = NULL;
-            PyMem_Free(info->format);
-            info->format = NULL;
-            PyMem_Free(info->shape);
-            info->shape = NULL;
-            ctype_clear_stginfo(info);
-        }
+    StgInfo *info = _PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(self);
+    if (!info) {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
+    }
+    if (info) {
+        PyMem_Free(info->ffi_type_pointer.elements);
+        info->ffi_type_pointer.elements = NULL;
+        PyMem_Free(info->format);
+        info->format = NULL;
+        PyMem_Free(info->shape);
+        info->shape = NULL;
+        ctype_clear_stginfo(info);
     }
+
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyType_Type.tp_dealloc(self);
     Py_DECREF(tp);

Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h

@@ -508,6 +508,19 @@ PyStgInfo_FromAny(ctypes_state *state, PyObject *obj, StgInfo **result)
     return _stginfo_from_type(state, Py_TYPE(obj), result);
 }
 
+/* A variant of PyStgInfo_FromType that doesn't need the state,
+ * so it can be called from finalization functions when the module
+ * state is torn down. Does no checks; cannot fail.
+ * This inlines the current implementation PyObject_GetTypeData,
+ * so it might break in the future.
+ */
+static inline StgInfo *
+_PyStgInfo_FromType_NoState(PyObject *type)
+{
+    assert(PyType_Type.tp_basicsize % ALIGNOF_MAX_ALIGN_T == 0);
+    return (StgInfo *)((char *)type + PyType_Type.tp_basicsize);
+}
+
 // Initialize StgInfo on a newly created type
 static inline StgInfo *
 PyStgInfo_Init(ctypes_state *state, PyTypeObject *type)