fix: make rule severity case-sensitive in flat config (#17619)

Fixes #17570

Author: mdjermanovic

Diff for: lib/config/flat-config-schema.js

@@ -179,9 +179,7 @@ class InvalidRuleSeverityError extends Error {
  * @throws {InvalidRuleSeverityError} If the value isn't a valid rule severity.
  */
 function assertIsRuleSeverity(ruleId, value) {
-    const severity = typeof value === "string"
-        ? ruleSeverities.get(value.toLowerCase())
-        : ruleSeverities.get(value);
+    const severity = ruleSeverities.get(value);
 
     if (typeof severity === "undefined") {
         throw new InvalidRuleSeverityError(ruleId, value);

Diff for: tests/lib/config/flat-config-array.js

@@ -1726,6 +1726,17 @@ describe("FlatConfigArray", () => {
                 ], "Key \"rules\": Key \"foo\": Expected severity of \"off\", 0, \"warn\", 1, \"error\", or 2.");
             });
 
+            it("should error when a string rule severity is not in lowercase", async () => {
+
+                await assertInvalidConfig([
+                    {
+                        rules: {
+                            foo: "Error"
+                        }
+                    }
+                ], "Key \"rules\": Key \"foo\": Expected severity of \"off\", 0, \"warn\", 1, \"error\", or 2.");
+            });
+
             it("should error when an invalid rule severity is set in an array", async () => {
 
                 await assertInvalidConfig([

Diff for: tests/lib/linter/linter.js

@@ -1932,6 +1932,22 @@ describe("Linter", () => {
             assert.strictEqual(suppressedMessages.length, 0);
         });
 
+        it("should enable rule configured using a string severity that contains uppercase letters", () => {
+            const code = "/*eslint no-alert: \"Error\"*/ alert('test');";
+            const config = { rules: {} };
+
+            const messages = linter.verify(code, config, filename);
+            const suppressedMessages = linter.getSuppressedMessages();
+
+            assert.strictEqual(messages.length, 1);
+            assert.strictEqual(messages[0].ruleId, "no-alert");
+            assert.strictEqual(messages[0].severity, 2);
+            assert.strictEqual(messages[0].message, "Unexpected alert.");
+            assert.include(messages[0].nodeType, "CallExpression");
+
+            assert.strictEqual(suppressedMessages.length, 0);
+        });
+
         it("rules should not change initial config", () => {
             const config = { rules: { strict: 2 } };
             const codeA = "/*eslint strict: 0*/ function bar() { return 2; }";
@@ -12353,6 +12369,29 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
                         assert.strictEqual(suppressedMessages.length, 0);
                     });
 
+                    it("should report a violation when a rule is configured using a string severity that contains uppercase letters", () => {
+                        const messages = linter.verify("/*eslint no-alert: \"Error\"*/ alert('test');", {});
+                        const suppressedMessages = linter.getSuppressedMessages();
+
+                        assert.deepStrictEqual(
+                            messages,
+                            [
+                                {
+                                    severity: 2,
+                                    ruleId: "no-alert",
+                                    message: "Inline configuration for rule \"no-alert\" is invalid:\n\tExpected severity of \"off\", 0, \"warn\", 1, \"error\", or 2. You passed \"Error\".\n",
+                                    line: 1,
+                                    column: 1,
+                                    endLine: 1,
+                                    endColumn: 29,
+                                    nodeType: null
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        );
+
+                        assert.strictEqual(suppressedMessages.length, 0);
+                    });
+
                     it("should report a violation when the config violates a rule's schema", () => {
                         const messages = linter.verify("/* eslint no-alert: [error, {nonExistentPropertyName: true}]*/", {});
                         const suppressedMessages = linter.getSuppressedMessages();