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ggml-quants.c
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#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_C
#include "ggml-common.h"
#include "ggml-quants.h"
#include "ggml-impl.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // for qsort
#include <stdio.h> // for GGML_ASSERT
#define GROUP_MAX_EPS 1e-15f
#define GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ3_XXS 1e-8f
#define GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ2_S 1e-8f
#define GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ1_M 1e-7f
#define GROUP_MAX_EPS_IQ1_S 1e-12f
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
// disable "possible loss of data" to avoid warnings for hundreds of casts
// we should just be careful :)
#pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267)
#endif
#define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
// some compilers don't provide _mm256_set_m128i, e.g. gcc 7
#define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)
#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m128i ax = _mm_sign_epi8(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m128i sy = _mm_sign_epi8(y, x);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dot = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
return _mm_madd_epi16(ones, dot);
}
#if __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
// horizontally add 8 floats
static inline float hsum_float_8(const __m256 x) {
__m128 res = _mm256_extractf128_ps(x, 1);
res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm256_castps256_ps128(x));
res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm_movehl_ps(res, res));
res = _mm_add_ss(res, _mm_movehdup_ps(res));
return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}
// horizontally add 8 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_8(const __m256i a) {
const __m128i sum128 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(a), _mm256_extractf128_si256(a, 1));
const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(sum128, sum128);
const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, sum128);
const __m128i hi32 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}
// horizontally add 4 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_4(const __m128i a) {
const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(a, a);
const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, a);
const __m128i hi32 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}
#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
uint32_t x32;
memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
const __m256i shuf_mask = _mm256_set_epi64x(
0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202,
0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
__m256i bytes = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_mask);
const __m256i bit_mask = _mm256_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bit_mask);
return _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(bytes, _mm256_set1_epi64x(-1));
}
// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
const __m128i tmp = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
const __m256i bytes = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(tmp, 4), tmp);
const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8( 0xF );
return _mm256_and_si256(lowMask, bytes);
}
// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m256i x) {
const __m256i ones = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_madd_epi16(ones, x);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}
static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
#if defined(__AVXVNNI__) || (defined(__AVX512VNNI__) && defined(__AVX512VL__))
const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbusd_epi32(zero, ax, sy);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m256i dot = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(dot);
#endif
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
#if __AVXVNNIINT8__
const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbssd_epi32(zero, x, y);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
return mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(ax, sy);
#endif
}
static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m256i bytes )
{
// Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
#if __AVX512F__
const __m256i bytes_srli_4 = _mm256_srli_epi16(bytes, 4); // 0000_0000_abcd_0000
bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bytes_srli_4); // 0000_abcd_abcd_efgh
return _mm256_cvtepi16_epi8(bytes); // abcd_efgh
#else
const __m256i lowByte = _mm256_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
__m256i high = _mm256_andnot_si256( lowByte, bytes );
__m256i low = _mm256_and_si256( lowByte, bytes );
high = _mm256_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes = _mm256_or_si256( low, high );
// Compress uint16_t lanes into bytes
__m128i r0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( bytes );
__m128i r1 = _mm256_extracti128_si256( bytes, 1 );
return _mm_packus_epi16( r0, r1 );
#endif
}
#elif defined(__AVX__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
uint32_t x32;
memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
const __m128i shuf_maskl = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
const __m128i shuf_maskh = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202);
__m128i bytesl = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskl);
__m128i bytesh = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskh);
const __m128i bit_mask = _mm_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
bytesl = _mm_or_si128(bytesl, bit_mask);
bytesh = _mm_or_si128(bytesh, bit_mask);
bytesl = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesl, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
bytesh = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesh, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
return MM256_SET_M128I(bytesh, bytesl);
}
// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
// Load 16 bytes from memory
__m128i tmpl = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
__m128i tmph = _mm_srli_epi16(tmpl, 4);
const __m128i lowMask = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
tmpl = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmpl);
tmph = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmph);
return MM256_SET_M128I(tmph, tmpl);
}
// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m128i xh, const __m128i xl) {
const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
const __m128i summed_pairsl = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xl);
const __m128i summed_pairsh = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xh);
const __m256i summed_pairs = MM256_SET_M128I(summed_pairsh, summed_pairsl);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}
static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
const __m128i axl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(ax);
const __m128i axh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(ax, 1);
const __m128i syl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(sy);
const __m128i syh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(sy, 1);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
const __m128i xl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(x);
const __m128i xh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(x, 1);
const __m128i yl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(y);
const __m128i yh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(y, 1);
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m128i axl = _mm_sign_epi8(xl, xl);
const __m128i axh = _mm_sign_epi8(xh, xh);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m128i syl = _mm_sign_epi8(yl, xl);
const __m128i syh = _mm_sign_epi8(yh, xh);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}
static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m128i bytes1, __m128i bytes2 )
{
// Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
const __m128i lowByte = _mm_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
__m128i high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
__m128i low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes1 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );
high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes2 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );
return _mm_packus_epi16( bytes1, bytes2);
}
#endif
#elif defined(__SSSE3__)
// horizontally add 4x4 floats
static inline float hsum_float_4x4(const __m128 a, const __m128 b, const __m128 c, const __m128 d) {
__m128 res_0 =_mm_hadd_ps(a, b);
__m128 res_1 =_mm_hadd_ps(c, d);
__m128 res =_mm_hadd_ps(res_0, res_1);
res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);
res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);
return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}
#endif // __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
#endif // defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)
#if defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__wasm_simd128__) || defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
#define B1(c,s,n) 0x ## n ## c , 0x ## n ## s
#define B2(c,s,n) B1(c,s,n ## c), B1(c,s,n ## s)
#define B3(c,s,n) B2(c,s,n ## c), B2(c,s,n ## s)
#define B4(c,s,n) B3(c,s,n ## c), B3(c,s,n ## s)
#define B5(c,s,n) B4(c,s,n ## c), B4(c,s,n ## s)
#define B6(c,s,n) B5(c,s,n ## c), B5(c,s,n ## s)
#define B7(c,s,n) B6(c,s,n ## c), B6(c,s,n ## s)
#define B8(c,s ) B7(c,s, c), B7(c,s, s)
// precomputed tables for expanding 8bits to 8 bytes:
static const uint64_t table_b2b_0[1 << 8] = { B8(00, 10) }; // ( b) << 4
static const uint64_t table_b2b_1[1 << 8] = { B8(10, 00) }; // (!b) << 4
#endif
#if defined(__loongarch_asx)
#ifdef __clang__
#define VREGS_PREFIX "$vr"
#define XREGS_PREFIX "$xr"
#else // GCC
#define VREGS_PREFIX "$f"
#define XREGS_PREFIX "$f"
#endif
#define __ALL_REGS "0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31"
// Convert __m128i to __m256i
static inline __m256i ____m256i(__m128i in) {
__m256i out = __lasx_xvldi(0);
__asm__ volatile (
".irp i," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[out], " XREGS_PREFIX"\\i \n\t"
" .irp j," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[in], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\j \n\t"
" xvpermi.q $xr\\i, $xr\\j, 0x20 \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
" .endr \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
".endr \n\t"
: [out] "+f" (out) : [in] "f" (in)
);
return out;
}
// Convert two __m128i to __m256i
static inline __m256i lasx_set_q(__m128i inhi, __m128i inlo) {
__m256i out;
__asm__ volatile (
".irp i," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[hi], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\i \n\t"
" .irp j," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[lo], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\j \n\t"
" xvpermi.q $xr\\i, $xr\\j, 0x20 \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
" .endr \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
".endr \n\t"
".ifnc %[out], %[hi] \n\t"
".irp i," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[out], " XREGS_PREFIX "\\i \n\t"
" .irp j," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[hi], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\j \n\t"
" xvori.b $xr\\i, $xr\\j, 0 \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
" .endr \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
".endr \n\t"
".endif \n\t"
: [out] "=f" (out), [hi] "+f" (inhi)
: [lo] "f" (inlo)
);
return out;
}
// Convert __m256i low part to __m128i
static inline __m128i lasx_extracti128_lo(__m256i in) {
__m128i out;
__asm__ volatile (
".ifnc %[out], %[in] \n\t"
".irp i," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[out], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\i \n\t"
" .irp j," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[in], " XREGS_PREFIX "\\j \n\t"
" vori.b $vr\\i, $vr\\j, 0 \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
" .endr \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
".endr \n\t"
".endif \n\t"
: [out] "=f" (out) : [in] "f" (in)
);
return out;
}
// Convert __m256i high part to __m128i
static inline __m128i lasx_extracti128_hi(__m256i in) {
__m128i out;
__asm__ volatile (
".irp i," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[out], " VREGS_PREFIX "\\i \n\t"
" .irp j," __ALL_REGS "\n\t"
" .ifc %[in], " XREGS_PREFIX "\\j \n\t"
" xvpermi.q $xr\\i, $xr\\j, 0x11 \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
" .endr \n\t"
" .endif \n\t"
".endr \n\t"
: [out] "=f" (out) : [in] "f" (in)
);
return out;
}
static __m256i lasx_set_w(int e7, int e6, int e5, int e4, int e3, int e2, int e1, int e0) {
v8i32 __ret = {e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7};
return (__m256i)__ret;
}
static __m128i lsx_set_w(int32_t a, int32_t b, int32_t c, int32_t d) {
v4i32 __ret = {d, c, b, a};
return (__m128i)__ret;
}
static __m256i lasx_set_d(int64_t a, int64_t b, int64_t c, int64_t d) {
v4i64 __ret = {d, c, b, a};
return (__m256i)__ret;
}
static __m256i lasx_insertf128( __m128i x, __m128i y) {
return lasx_set_q(x, y);
}
static __m128i lsx_shuffle_b(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i mask_f, zero, tmp0, tmp2, mask;
int f = 0x8f;
mask_f = __lsx_vreplgr2vr_b(f);
zero = __lsx_vldi(0);
tmp0 = __lsx_vand_v(b, mask_f); // get mask with low 4 bit and sign bits
tmp0 = __lsx_vori_b(tmp0, 0x10); // make each mask or with 0x10 prepare for positive
mask = __lsx_vsle_b(zero, tmp0); // if mask >= 0, set mask
tmp2 = __lsx_vand_v(tmp0, mask); // maskout the in2 < ones
return __lsx_vshuf_b(a, zero, tmp2);
}
static __m256i lasx_shuffle_b(__m256i a, __m256i b) {
__m256i mask_f, zero, tmp0, tmp2, mask;
int f = 0x8f;
mask_f = __lasx_xvreplgr2vr_b(f);
zero = __lasx_xvldi(0);
tmp0 = __lasx_xvand_v(b, mask_f); // get mask with low 4 bit and sign bits
tmp0 = __lasx_xvori_b(tmp0, 0x10); // make each mask or with 0x10 prepare for positive
mask = __lasx_xvsle_b(zero, tmp0); // if mask >= 0, set mask
tmp2 = __lasx_xvand_v(tmp0, mask); // maskout the in2 < ones
return __lasx_xvshuf_b(a, zero, tmp2);
}
static __m256i lasx_extu8_16(__m128i a) {
__m128i zero = __lsx_vldi(0);
__m128i vlo = __lsx_vilvl_b(zero, a);
__m128i vhi = __lsx_vilvh_b(zero, a);
return lasx_set_q(vhi, vlo);
}
static __m256i lasx_ext8_16(__m128i a) {
__m128i sign = __lsx_vslti_b(a, 0);
__m128i vlo = __lsx_vilvl_b(sign, a);
__m128i vhi = __lsx_vilvh_b(sign, a);
return lasx_set_q(vhi, vlo);
}
static __m256i lasx_ext16_32(__m128i a) {
__m256i tmp1;
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 0), 0);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 1), 1);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 2), 2);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 3), 3);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 4), 4);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 5), 5);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 6), 6);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvinsgr2vr_w(tmp1, __lsx_vpickve2gr_h(a, 7), 7);
return tmp1;
}
static __m128i lasx_extracti128( __m256i a, int pos) {
__m128i ret;
if( pos == 0)
{
ret = lasx_extracti128_lo(a);
} else {
ret = lasx_extracti128_hi(a);
}
return ret;
}
static __m128 lasx_extractf128( __m256 a, int pos) {
__m128 ret;
if( pos == 0)
{
ret = (__m128)lasx_extracti128_lo((__m256i)a);
} else {
ret = (__m128)lasx_extracti128_hi((__m256i)a);
}
return ret;
}
static __m128i lsx_hadd_h(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp1 = __lsx_vpickev_h(b, a);
__m128i tmp2 = __lsx_vpickod_h(b, a);
return __lsx_vadd_h(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m128i lsx_hadd_w(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp1 = __lsx_vpickev_w(b, a);
__m128i tmp2 = __lsx_vpickod_w(b, a);
return __lsx_vadd_w(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m128 lsx_hadd_s(__m128 a, __m128 b) {
__m128 tmp1 = (__m128)__lsx_vpickev_w((__m128i)b, (__m128i)a);
__m128 tmp2 = (__m128)__lsx_vpickod_w((__m128i)b, (__m128i)a);
return __lsx_vfadd_s(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m256i lasx_maddubs_h(__m256i a, __m256i b) {
__m256i tmp1, tmp2;
tmp1 = __lasx_xvmulwev_h_b(a, b);
tmp2 = __lasx_xvmulwod_h_b(a, b);
return __lasx_xvsadd_h(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m256i lasx_madd_h(__m256i a, __m256i b) {
__m256i tmp1, tmp2;
tmp1 = __lasx_xvmulwev_w_h(a, b);
tmp2 = __lasx_xvmulwod_w_h(a, b);
return __lasx_xvadd_w(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m256i lasx_packs_w(__m256i a, __m256i b) {
__m256i tmp, tmp1;
tmp = __lasx_xvsat_w(a, 15);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvsat_w(b, 15);
return __lasx_xvpickev_h(tmp1, tmp);
}
static __m256i lasx_packs_h(__m256i a, __m256i b) {
__m256i tmp, tmp1;
tmp = __lasx_xvsat_h(a, 7);
tmp1 = __lasx_xvsat_h(b, 7);
return __lasx_xvpickev_b(tmp1, tmp);
}
static __m128i lsx_packs_w(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp, tmp1;
tmp = __lsx_vsat_w(a, 15);
tmp1 = __lsx_vsat_w(b, 15);
return __lsx_vpickev_h(tmp1, tmp);
}
static __m128i lsx_packs_h(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp, tmp1;
tmp = __lsx_vsat_h(a, 7);
tmp1 = __lsx_vsat_h(b, 7);
return __lsx_vpickev_b(tmp1, tmp);
}
static __m128i lsx_packus_h(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp, tmp1;
tmp = __lsx_vsat_hu(a, 7);
tmp1 = __lsx_vsat_hu(b, 7);
return __lsx_vpickev_b(tmp1, tmp);
}
static __m128i lsx_maddubs_h(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp1, tmp2;
tmp1 = __lsx_vmulwev_h_b(a, b);
tmp2 = __lsx_vmulwod_h_b(a, b);
return __lsx_vsadd_h(tmp1, tmp2);
}
static __m128i lsx_madd_h(__m128i a, __m128i b) {
__m128i tmp1, tmp2;
tmp1 = __lsx_vmulwev_w_h(a, b);
tmp2 = __lsx_vmulwod_w_h(a, b);
return __lsx_vadd_w(tmp1, tmp2);
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m128i ax = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m128i sy = __lsx_vsigncov_b(x, y);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dot = lsx_maddubs_h(ax, sy);
const __m128i ones = __lsx_vreplgr2vr_h(1);
return lsx_madd_h(ones, dot);
}
// horizontally add 8 floats
static inline float hsum_float_8(const __m256 x) {
__m128 res = lasx_extractf128(x, 1);
ft_union tmp;
res = __lsx_vfadd_s(res, lasx_extractf128(x, 0));
res = __lsx_vfadd_s(res, (__m128)__lsx_vpickod_d((__m128i)res, (__m128i)res));
res = __lsx_vfadd_s(res, (__m128)__lsx_vinsgr2vr_w(__lsx_vldi(0), __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(res, 1), 0));
tmp.i = __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(res, 0);
return tmp.f;
}
// horizontally add 8 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_8(const __m256i a) {
__m256i tmp1 = __lasx_xvpermi_q(a, a, 0x11);
__m256i tmp2 = __lasx_xvpermi_q(a, a, 0x00);
__m128i tmp1_128 = lasx_extracti128_lo(tmp1);
__m128i tmp2_128 = lasx_extracti128_lo(tmp2);
__m128i sum128 = __lsx_vadd_w(tmp1_128, tmp2_128);
__m128i ev = __lsx_vpickev_w(sum128, sum128);
__m128i od = __lsx_vpickod_w(sum128, sum128);
__m128i sum64 = __lsx_vadd_w(ev, od);
int sum64_1, sum64_2;
sum64_1 = __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(sum64, 0);
sum64_2 = __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(sum64, 1);
return sum64_1 + sum64_2;
}
// horizontally add 4 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_4(const __m128i a) {
__m128i ev = __lsx_vpickev_w(a, a);
__m128i od = __lsx_vpickod_w(a, a);
__m128i sum64 = __lsx_vadd_w(ev, od);
int sum64_1, sum64_2;
sum64_1 = __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(sum64, 0);
sum64_2 = __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(sum64, 1);
return sum64_1 + sum64_2;
}
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
uint32_t x32;
memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
const __m256i shuf_mask = lasx_set_d(
0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202,
0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
__m256i bytes = lasx_shuffle_b(__lasx_xvreplgr2vr_w(x32), shuf_mask);
const __m256i bit_mask = __lasx_xvreplgr2vr_d(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
bytes = __lasx_xvor_v(bytes, bit_mask);
return __lasx_xvseq_b(bytes, __lasx_xvreplgr2vr_d(-1));
}
// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi) {
const __m128i lo = __lsx_vld((const __m128i *)rsi, 0);
__m128i hi = __lsx_vsrli_h(lo, 4);
return __lasx_xvandi_b(lasx_insertf128(hi, lo), 0xf);
}
// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m256i x) {
__m256i v = __lasx_xvpackod_h(x, x);
__m256i summed_pairs = __lasx_xvaddwev_w_h(x, v);
return __lasx_xvffint_s_w(summed_pairs);
}
static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m256i dot = lasx_maddubs_h(ax, sy);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(dot);
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m256i ax = __lasx_xvsigncov_b(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m256i sy = __lasx_xvsigncov_b(x, y);
return mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(ax, sy);
}
static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m256i bytes ) {
// Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
const __m256i lowByte = __lasx_xvreplgr2vr_h(0xFF);
__m256i high = __lasx_xvandn_v(lowByte, bytes);
__m256i low = __lasx_xvand_v(lowByte, bytes);
high = __lasx_xvsrli_h(high, 4);
bytes = __lasx_xvor_v(low, high);
// Compress uint16_t lanes into bytes
__m128i *r0 = (__m128i *)&bytes;
__m256i tmp_h128 = __lasx_xvpermi_q(bytes, bytes, 0x11);
__m128i *r1 = (__m128i *)&tmp_h128;
__m128i zero = __lsx_vldi(0);
__m128i tmp, tmp2, tmp3;
tmp = __lsx_vmax_h(zero, *r0);
tmp2 = __lsx_vsat_hu(tmp, 7);
tmp = __lsx_vmax_h(zero, *r1);
tmp3 = __lsx_vsat_hu(tmp, 7);
return __lsx_vpickev_b(tmp3, tmp2);
}
#endif //__loongarch_asx
// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q4_0_ref(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
static const int qk = QK4_0;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
float max = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
amax = fabsf(v);
max = v;
}
}
const float d = max / -8;
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0 + j]*id;
const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = xi0;
y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
quantize_row_q4_0_ref(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q4_1_ref(const float * restrict x, block_q4_1 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
const int qk = QK4_1;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float min = FLT_MAX;
float max = -FLT_MAX;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (v < min) min = v;
if (v > max) max = v;
}
const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0 + j] - min)*id;
const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = xi0;
y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q4_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
quantize_row_q4_1_ref(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q5_0_ref(const float * restrict x, block_q5_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
static const int qk = QK5_0;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
float max = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
amax = fabsf(v);
max = v;
}
}
const float d = max / -16;
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
uint32_t qh = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0 + j]*id;
const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);
// get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
}
memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
}
}
void quantize_row_q5_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
quantize_row_q5_0_ref(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q5_1_ref(const float * restrict x, block_q5_1 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
const int qk = QK5_1;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float min = FLT_MAX;
float max = -FLT_MAX;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (v < min) min = v;
if (v > max) max = v;
}
const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 5) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);
uint32_t qh = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0 + j] - min)*id;
const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);
// get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
}
memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(y[i].qh));
}
}
void quantize_row_q5_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
quantize_row_q5_1_ref(x, y, k);
}
// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q8_0_ref(const float * restrict x, block_q8_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_0;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
const float v = x[i*QK8_0 + j];
amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
}
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*QK8_0 + j]*id;
y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
assert(QK8_0 == 32);
assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_0;
block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float32x4_t srcv [8];
float32x4_t asrcv[8];
float32x4_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vabsq_f32(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const float32x4_t v = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
const int32x4_t vi = vcvtnq_s32_f32(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3);
}
}
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
v128_t srcv [8];
v128_t asrcv[8];
v128_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = MAX(MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const v128_t v = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3);
}
}
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
// Load elements into 4 AVX vectors
__m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x );
__m256 v1 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 8 );
__m256 v2 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 16 );
__m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
x += 32;
// Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
__m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );
__m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );
// Quantize these floats
const float d = maxScalar / 127.f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
// Apply the multiplier
v0 = _mm256_mul_ps( v0, mul );
v1 = _mm256_mul_ps( v1, mul );
v2 = _mm256_mul_ps( v2, mul );
v3 = _mm256_mul_ps( v3, mul );
// Round to nearest integer
v0 = _mm256_round_ps( v0, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v1 = _mm256_round_ps( v1, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v2 = _mm256_round_ps( v2, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v3 = _mm256_round_ps( v3, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
// Convert floats to integers
__m256i i0 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v0 );
__m256i i1 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v1 );
__m256i i2 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v2 );
__m256i i3 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v3 );
#if defined(__AVX2__)
// Convert int32 to int16
i0 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i0, i1 ); // 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15
i2 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i2, i3 ); // 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
// Convert int16 to int8
i0 = _mm256_packs_epi16( i0, i2 ); // 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
// We got our precious signed bytes, but the order is now wrong
// These AVX2 pack instructions process 16-byte pieces independently
// The following instruction is fixing the order
const __m256i perm = _mm256_setr_epi32( 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 );
i0 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32( i0, perm );
_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)y[i].qs, i0);
#else
// Since we don't have in AVX some necessary functions,
// we split the registers in half and call AVX2 analogs from SSE
__m128i ni0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i0 );
__m128i ni1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i0, 1);
__m128i ni2 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i1 );