flag: add FlagSet example

Add an example for using FlagSet.

Fixes #36307

Change-Id: I0bf5805bd836a4f2e9632aafe22dc3eeb1164dcd
GitHub-Last-Rev: 79e5304
GitHub-Pull-Request: #64443
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/545736
Auto-Submit: Ian Lance Taylor <[email protected]>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Christopher Taylor <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Amedee <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <[email protected]>

Author: tebeka

src/flag/example_flagset_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package flag_test
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func ExampleFlagSet() {
+
+	start := func(args []string) {
+		// A real program (not an example) would use flag.ExitOnError.
+		fs := flag.NewFlagSet("start", flag.ContinueOnError)
+		addr := fs.String("addr", ":8080", "`address` to listen on")
+		if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("error: %s", err)
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("starting server on %s\n", *addr)
+	}
+
+	stop := func(args []string) {
+		fs := flag.NewFlagSet("stop", flag.ContinueOnError)
+		timeout := fs.Duration("timeout", time.Second, "stop timeout duration")
+		if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("error: %s", err)
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("stopping server (timeout=%v)\n", *timeout)
+	}
+
+	main := func(args []string) {
+		subArgs := args[2:] // Drop program name and command.
+		switch args[1] {
+		case "start":
+			start(subArgs)
+		case "stop":
+			stop(subArgs)
+		default:
+			fmt.Printf("error: unknown command - %q\n", args[1])
+			// In a real program (not an example) print to os.Stderr and exit the program with non-zero value.
+		}
+	}
+
+	main([]string{"httpd", "start", "-addr", ":9999"})
+	main([]string{"httpd", "stop"})
+	main([]string{"http", "start", "-log-level", "verbose"})
+
+	// Output:
+	// starting server on :9999
+	// stopping server (timeout=1s)
+	// error: flag provided but not defined: -log-level
+}