LRUCache.java

/* (C) 2024 YourCompanyName */
package design;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by gouthamvidyapradhan on 18/03/2017. Design and implement a data structure for Least
 * Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and put.
 *
 * <p>get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache,
 * otherwise return -1. put(key, value) - Set or insert the value if the key is not already present.
 * When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before
 * inserting a new item.
 *
 * <p>Follow up: Could you do both operations in O(1) time complexity?
 *
 * <p>Example:
 *
 * <p>LRUCache cache = new LRUCache( 2 /* capacity
 */
/*);

cache.put(1, 1);
cache.put(2, 2);
cache.get(1);       // returns 1
cache.put(3, 3);    // evicts key 2
cache.get(2);       // returns -1 (not found)
cache.put(4, 4);    // evicts key 1
cache.get(1);       // returns -1 (not found)
cache.get(3);       // returns 3
cache.get(4);       // returns 4
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*/
public class LRUCache {
  public static class DLinkList {
    int key, value;
    DLinkList left;
    DLinkList right;

    DLinkList(int key, int value) {
      this.key = key;
      this.value = value;
      left = null;
      right = null;
    }
  }

  private Map<Integer, DLinkList> cache;
  private DLinkList head, tail;
  private int capacity, currentSize;

  /**
   * Pop head node
   *
   * @return
   */
  private DLinkList popHead() {
    if (!head.right.equals(tail)) {
      DLinkList node = head.right;
      head.right = node.right;
      node.right.left = head;
      node.right = null;
      node.left = null;
      return node;
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Push to tail
   *
   * @param node
   */
  private void offer(DLinkList node) {
    tail.left.right = node;
    node.left = tail.left;
    node.right = tail;
    tail.left = node;
  }

  /**
   * Move node to tail
   *
   * @param node
   */
  private void moveToTail(DLinkList node) {
    node.left.right = node.right;
    node.right.left = node.left;
    offer(node);
  }

  /**
   * Main method
   *
   * @param args
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    LRUCache cache = new LRUCache(2);
    cache.put(1, 1);
    cache.put(2, 2);
    System.out.println(cache.get(1));
    cache.put(3, 3);
    System.out.println(cache.get(2));
    cache.put(4, 4);
    System.out.println(cache.get(1));
    System.out.println(cache.get(3));
    System.out.println(cache.get(4));
  }

  public LRUCache(int capacity) {
    this.capacity = capacity;
    this.currentSize = 0;
    cache = new HashMap<>();
    head = new DLinkList(-1, -1);
    tail = new DLinkList(-1, -1);
    head.right = tail;
    tail.left = head;
  }

  public int get(int key) {
    if (cache.get(key) == null) return -1;
    DLinkList node = cache.get(key);
    moveToTail(node);
    return node.value;
  }

  public void put(int key, int value) {
    if (cache.containsKey(key)) {
      DLinkList node = cache.get(key);
      node.value = value;
      moveToTail(node);
    } else {
      if (capacity == currentSize) {
        DLinkList head = popHead();
        if (head != null) {
          cache.remove(head.key);
          DLinkList node = new DLinkList(key, value);
          offer(node);
          cache.put(key, node);
        }
      } else {
        DLinkList node = new DLinkList(key, value);
        offer(node);
        cache.put(key, node);
        ++currentSize;
      }
    }
  }
}