diff --git a/src/huggingface_hub/_upload_large_folder.py b/src/huggingface_hub/_upload_large_folder.py
index c925a31ff5..756d79d19c 100644
--- a/src/huggingface_hub/_upload_large_folder.py
+++ b/src/huggingface_hub/_upload_large_folder.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 WAITING_TIME_IF_NO_TASKS = 10  # seconds
 MAX_NB_REGULAR_FILES_PER_COMMIT = 75
 MAX_NB_LFS_FILES_PER_COMMIT = 150
+COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE: List[int] = [20, 50, 75, 100, 125, 200, 250, 400, 600, 1000]
 
 
 def upload_large_folder_internal(
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ def __init__(self, items: List[JOB_ITEM_T]):
         self.last_commit_attempt: Optional[float] = None
 
         self._started_at = datetime.now()
+        self._chunk_idx: int = 1
+        self._chunk_lock: Lock = Lock()
 
         # Setup queues
         for item in self.items:
@@ -199,6 +202,21 @@ def __init__(self, items: List[JOB_ITEM_T]):
             else:
                 logger.debug(f"Skipping file {paths.path_in_repo} (already uploaded and committed)")
 
+    def target_chunk(self) -> int:
+        with self._chunk_lock:
+            return COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE[self._chunk_idx]
+
+    def update_chunk(self, success: bool, nb_items: int, duration: float) -> None:
+        with self._chunk_lock:
+            if not success:
+                logger.warn(f"Failed to commit {nb_items} files at once. Will retry with less files in next batch.")
+                self._chunk_idx -= 1
+            elif nb_items >= COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE[self._chunk_idx] and duration < 40:
+                logger.info(f"Successfully committed {nb_items} at once. Increasing the limit for next batch.")
+                self._chunk_idx += 1
+
+            self._chunk_idx = max(0, min(self._chunk_idx, len(COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE) - 1))
+
     def current_report(self) -> str:
         """Generate a report of the current status of the large upload."""
         nb_hashed = 0
@@ -351,6 +369,8 @@ def _worker_job(
                 status.nb_workers_preupload_lfs -= 1
 
         elif job == WorkerJob.COMMIT:
+            start_ts = time.time()
+            success = True
             try:
                 _commit(items, api=api, repo_id=repo_id, repo_type=repo_type, revision=revision)
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
@@ -360,6 +380,9 @@ def _worker_job(
                 traceback.format_exc()
                 for item in items:
                     status.queue_commit.put(item)
+                success = False
+            duration = time.time() - start_ts
+            status.update_chunk(success, len(items), duration)
             with status.lock:
                 status.last_commit_attempt = time.time()
                 status.nb_workers_commit -= 1
@@ -393,7 +416,7 @@ def _determine_next_job(status: LargeUploadStatus) -> Optional[Tuple[WorkerJob,
         elif status.queue_get_upload_mode.qsize() >= 10:
             status.nb_workers_get_upload_mode += 1
             logger.debug("Job: get upload mode (>10 files ready)")
-            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, 50))
+            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, status.target_chunk()))
 
         # 4. Preupload LFS file if at least 1 file and no worker is preuploading LFS
         elif status.queue_preupload_lfs.qsize() > 0 and status.nb_workers_preupload_lfs == 0:
@@ -411,7 +434,7 @@ def _determine_next_job(status: LargeUploadStatus) -> Optional[Tuple[WorkerJob,
         elif status.queue_get_upload_mode.qsize() > 0 and status.nb_workers_get_upload_mode == 0:
             status.nb_workers_get_upload_mode += 1
             logger.debug("Job: get upload mode (no other worker getting upload mode)")
-            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, 50))
+            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, status.target_chunk()))
 
         # 7. Preupload LFS file if at least 1 file
         #    Skip if hf_transfer is enabled and there is already a worker preuploading LFS
@@ -432,7 +455,7 @@ def _determine_next_job(status: LargeUploadStatus) -> Optional[Tuple[WorkerJob,
         elif status.queue_get_upload_mode.qsize() > 0:
             status.nb_workers_get_upload_mode += 1
             logger.debug("Job: get upload mode")
-            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, 50))
+            return (WorkerJob.GET_UPLOAD_MODE, _get_n(status.queue_get_upload_mode, status.target_chunk()))
 
         # 10. Commit if at least 1 file and 1 min since last commit attempt
         elif (
diff --git a/tests/test_upload_large_folder.py b/tests/test_upload_large_folder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2de3131a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_upload_large_folder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# tests/test_upload_large_folder.py
+import pytest
+
+from huggingface_hub._upload_large_folder import COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE, LargeUploadStatus
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def status():
+    return LargeUploadStatus(items=[])
+
+
+def test_target_chunk_default(status):
+    assert status.target_chunk() == COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "start_idx, success, delta_items, duration, expected_idx",
+    [
+        (2, False, 0, 10, 1),  # drop by one on failure
+        (0, False, 0, 10, 0),  # never go below zero
+        (1, True, 0, 50, 1),  # duration >= 40 --> no bump
+        (1, True, -1, 30, 1),  # nb_items < threshold --> no bump
+        (1, True, 0, 30, 2),  # fast enough and enough items
+        (len(COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE) - 1, True, 0, 10, len(COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE) - 1),  # never exceed last index
+    ],
+)
+def test_update_chunk_transitions(status, start_idx, success, delta_items, duration, expected_idx):
+    status._chunk_idx = start_idx
+    threshold = COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE[start_idx]
+    nb_items = threshold + delta_items
+    status.update_chunk(success=success, nb_items=nb_items, duration=duration)
+
+    assert status._chunk_idx == expected_idx
+    assert status.target_chunk() == COMMIT_SIZE_SCALE[expected_idx]