main.cpp

#include "common.h"

#include "console.h"
#include "llama.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define SPECIAL_FILENO 3
#elif defined (_WIN32)
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
#endif

static llama_context           ** g_ctx;
static llama_model             ** g_model;
static gpt_params               * g_params;
static std::vector<llama_token> * g_input_tokens;
static std::ostringstream       * g_output_ss;
static std::vector<llama_token> * g_output_tokens;
static bool is_interacting = false;

static bool file_exists(const std::string &path) {
    std::ifstream f(path.c_str());
    return f.good();
}

static bool file_is_empty(const std::string &path) {
    std::ifstream f;
    f.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
    f.open(path.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
    return f.tellg() == 0;
}

static void write_logfile(
    const llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, const llama_model * model,
    const std::vector<llama_token> & input_tokens, const std::string & output,
    const std::vector<llama_token> & output_tokens
) {
    if (params.logdir.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    const std::string timestamp = get_sortable_timestamp();

    const bool success = create_directory_with_parents(params.logdir);
    if (!success) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: warning: failed to create logdir %s, cannot write logfile\n",
                __func__, params.logdir.c_str());
        return;
    }

    const std::string logfile_path = params.logdir + timestamp + ".yml";
    FILE * logfile = fopen(logfile_path.c_str(), "w");

    if (logfile == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to open logfile %s\n", __func__, logfile_path.c_str());
        return;
    }

    fprintf(logfile, "binary: main\n");
    char model_desc[128];
    llama_model_desc(model, model_desc, sizeof(model_desc));
    dump_non_result_info_yaml(logfile, params, ctx, timestamp, input_tokens, model_desc);

    fprintf(logfile, "\n");
    fprintf(logfile, "######################\n");
    fprintf(logfile, "# Generation Results #\n");
    fprintf(logfile, "######################\n");
    fprintf(logfile, "\n");

    dump_string_yaml_multiline(logfile, "output", output.c_str());
    dump_vector_int_yaml(logfile, "output_tokens", output_tokens);

    llama_dump_timing_info_yaml(logfile, ctx);
    fclose(logfile);
}

#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__)) || defined (_WIN32)
static void sigint_handler(int signo) {
    if (signo == SIGINT) {
        if (!is_interacting && g_params->interactive) {
            is_interacting = true;
        } else {
            console::cleanup();
            printf("\n");
            llama_print_timings(*g_ctx);
            write_logfile(*g_ctx, *g_params, *g_model, *g_input_tokens, g_output_ss->str(), *g_output_tokens);
            _exit(130);
        }
    }
}
#endif

static void llama_log_callback_logTee(ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data) {
    (void) level;
    (void) user_data;
    LOG_TEE("%s", text);
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
    // Check if we have an external attachment to a file descriptor for out of band control tokens (e.g. bash `3>/dev/null` )
    // Placed here to avoid file descriptor being polluted by gpt_params_parse() opening files
    const bool control_token_file_descriptor_is_attached = fcntl(SPECIAL_FILENO, F_GETFL) != -1;
    if (!control_token_file_descriptor_is_attached) {
        // Duplicate stdout file descriptor to control token file descriptor to merge the two streams
        dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, SPECIAL_FILENO);
    }
#endif

    gpt_params params;
    g_params = &params;

    if (!gpt_params_parse(argc, argv, params)) {
        return 1;
    }
    llama_sampling_params & sparams = params.sparams;

    const bool control_token_allowed_on_standard_stream = !params.conversation && sparams.grammar.empty();

#ifndef LOG_DISABLE_LOGS
    log_set_target(log_filename_generator("main", "log"));
    LOG_TEE("Log start\n");
    log_dump_cmdline(argc, argv);
    llama_log_set(llama_log_callback_logTee, nullptr);
#endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    // TODO: Dump params ?
    //LOG("Params perplexity: %s\n", LOG_TOSTR(params.perplexity));

    // save choice to use color for later
    // (note for later: this is a slightly awkward choice)
    console::init(params.simple_io, params.use_color);
    atexit([]() { console::cleanup(); });

    if (params.logits_all) {
        printf("\n************\n");
        printf("%s: please use the 'perplexity' tool for perplexity calculations\n", __func__);
        printf("************\n\n");

        return 0;
    }

    if (params.embedding) {
        printf("\n************\n");
        printf("%s: please use the 'embedding' tool for embedding calculations\n", __func__);
        printf("************\n\n");

        return 0;
    }

    if (params.n_ctx != 0 && params.n_ctx < 8) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: warning: minimum context size is 8, using minimum size.\n", __func__);
        params.n_ctx = 8;
    }

    if (params.rope_freq_base != 0.0) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: warning: changing RoPE frequency base to %g.\n", __func__, params.rope_freq_base);
    }

    if (params.rope_freq_scale != 0.0) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: warning: scaling RoPE frequency by %g.\n", __func__, params.rope_freq_scale);
    }

    LOG_TEE("%s: build = %d (%s)\n",      __func__, LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT);
    LOG_TEE("%s: built with %s for %s\n", __func__, LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET);

    if (params.seed == LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED) {
        params.seed = time(NULL);
    }

    LOG_TEE("%s: seed  = %u\n", __func__, params.seed);

    std::mt19937 rng(params.seed);
    if (params.random_prompt) {
        params.prompt = gpt_random_prompt(rng);
    }

    LOG("%s: llama backend init\n", __func__);
    llama_backend_init();
    llama_numa_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model;
    llama_context * ctx;
    llama_context * ctx_guidance = NULL;
    g_model = &model;
    g_ctx = &ctx;

    // load the model and apply lora adapter, if any
    LOG("%s: load the model and apply lora adapter, if any\n", __func__);
    std::tie(model, ctx) = llama_init_from_gpt_params(params);
    if (sparams.cfg_scale > 1.f) {
        struct llama_context_params lparams = llama_context_params_from_gpt_params(params);
        ctx_guidance = llama_new_context_with_model(model, lparams);
    }

    if (model == NULL) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: error: unable to load model\n", __func__);
        return 1;
    }

    const int n_ctx_train = llama_n_ctx_train(model);
    const int n_ctx = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
    LOG("n_ctx: %d\n", n_ctx);

    if (n_ctx > n_ctx_train) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: warning: model was trained on only %d context tokens (%d specified)\n",
                __func__, n_ctx_train, n_ctx);
    }

    // print system information
    {
        LOG_TEE("\n");
        LOG_TEE("%s\n", get_system_info(params).c_str());
    }

    std::string path_session = params.path_prompt_cache;
    std::vector<llama_token> session_tokens;

    if (!path_session.empty()) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: attempting to load saved session from '%s'\n", __func__, path_session.c_str());
        if (!file_exists(path_session)) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: session file does not exist, will create.\n", __func__);
        } else if (file_is_empty(path_session)) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: The session file is empty. A new session will be initialized.\n", __func__);
        } else {
            // The file exists and is not empty
            session_tokens.resize(n_ctx);
            size_t n_token_count_out = 0;
            if (!llama_state_load_file(ctx, path_session.c_str(), session_tokens.data(), session_tokens.capacity(), &n_token_count_out)) {
                LOG_TEE("%s: error: failed to load session file '%s'\n", __func__, path_session.c_str());
                return 1;
            }
            session_tokens.resize(n_token_count_out);
            LOG_TEE("%s: loaded a session with prompt size of %d tokens\n", __func__, (int)session_tokens.size());
        }
    }

    const bool add_bos = llama_should_add_bos_token(model);
    GGML_ASSERT(llama_add_eos_token(model) != 1);
    LOG("add_bos: %d\n", add_bos);

    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp;

    if (params.interactive_first || params.instruct || params.chatml || !params.prompt.empty() || session_tokens.empty()) {
        LOG("tokenize the prompt\n");
        if (params.chatml) {
            params.prompt = "<|im_start|>system\n" + params.prompt + "<|im_end|>";
        }
        embd_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.prompt, true, true);
    } else {
        LOG("use session tokens\n");
        embd_inp = session_tokens;
    }

    LOG("prompt: \"%s\"\n", log_tostr(params.prompt));
    LOG("tokens: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, embd_inp).c_str());

    // Should not run without any tokens
    if (embd_inp.empty()) {
        embd_inp.push_back(llama_token_bos(model));
        LOG("embd_inp was considered empty and bos was added: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, embd_inp).c_str());
    }

    // Tokenize negative prompt
    std::vector<llama_token> guidance_inp;
    int guidance_offset = 0;
    int original_prompt_len = 0;
    if (ctx_guidance) {
        LOG("cfg_negative_prompt: \"%s\"\n", log_tostr(sparams.cfg_negative_prompt));

        guidance_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_guidance, sparams.cfg_negative_prompt, true, true);
        LOG("guidance_inp tokenized: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx_guidance, guidance_inp).c_str());

        std::vector<llama_token> original_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.prompt, true, true);
        LOG("original_inp tokenized: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, original_inp).c_str());

        original_prompt_len = original_inp.size();
        guidance_offset = (int)guidance_inp.size() - original_prompt_len;
        LOG("original_prompt_len: %s", log_tostr(original_prompt_len));
        LOG("guidance_offset:     %s", log_tostr(guidance_offset));
    }

    if ((int) embd_inp.size() > n_ctx - 4) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: error: prompt is too long (%d tokens, max %d)\n", __func__, (int) embd_inp.size(), n_ctx - 4);
        return 1;
    }

    // debug message about similarity of saved session, if applicable
    size_t n_matching_session_tokens = 0;
    if (!session_tokens.empty()) {
        for (llama_token id : session_tokens) {
            if (n_matching_session_tokens >= embd_inp.size() || id != embd_inp[n_matching_session_tokens]) {
                break;
            }
            n_matching_session_tokens++;
        }
        if (params.prompt.empty() && n_matching_session_tokens == embd_inp.size()) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: using full prompt from session file\n", __func__);
        } else if (n_matching_session_tokens >= embd_inp.size()) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: session file has exact match for prompt!\n", __func__);
        } else if (n_matching_session_tokens < (embd_inp.size() / 2)) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: warning: session file has low similarity to prompt (%zu / %zu tokens); will mostly be reevaluated\n",
                __func__, n_matching_session_tokens, embd_inp.size());
        } else {
            LOG_TEE("%s: session file matches %zu / %zu tokens of prompt\n",
                __func__, n_matching_session_tokens, embd_inp.size());
        }

        // remove any "future" tokens that we might have inherited from the previous session
        llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(ctx, -1, n_matching_session_tokens, -1);
    }

    LOGLN(
            "recalculate the cached logits (check): embd_inp.empty() %s, n_matching_session_tokens %zu, embd_inp.size() %zu, session_tokens.size() %zu, embd_inp.size() %zu",
            log_tostr(embd_inp.empty()), n_matching_session_tokens, embd_inp.size(), session_tokens.size(), embd_inp.size());

    // if we will use the cache for the full prompt without reaching the end of the cache, force
    // reevaluation of the last token to recalculate the cached logits
    if (!embd_inp.empty() && n_matching_session_tokens == embd_inp.size() && session_tokens.size() > embd_inp.size()) {
        LOGLN("recalculate the cached logits (do): session_tokens.resize( %zu )", embd_inp.size() - 1);

        session_tokens.resize(embd_inp.size() - 1);
    }

    // number of tokens to keep when resetting context
    if (params.n_keep < 0 || params.n_keep > (int) embd_inp.size() || params.instruct || params.chatml) {
        params.n_keep = (int)embd_inp.size();
    } else {
        params.n_keep += add_bos; // always keep the BOS token
    }

    // prefix & suffix for instruct mode
    const auto inp_pfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, "\n\n### Instruction:\n\n", true,  true);
    const auto inp_sfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, "\n\n### Response:\n\n",    false, true);

    LOG("inp_pfx: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, inp_pfx).c_str());
    LOG("inp_sfx: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, inp_sfx).c_str());

    // chatml prefix & suffix
    const auto cml_pfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, "\n<|im_start|>user\n", true, true);
    const auto cml_sfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, "<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n", false, true);

    LOG("cml_pfx: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, cml_pfx).c_str());
    LOG("cml_sfx: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, cml_sfx).c_str());

    // in instruct mode, we inject a prefix and a suffix to each input by the user
    if (params.instruct) {
        params.interactive_first = true;
        params.antiprompt.emplace_back("### Instruction:\n\n");
    }
    // similar for chatml mode
    else if (params.chatml) {
        params.interactive_first = true;
        params.antiprompt.emplace_back("<|im_start|>user\n");
    }
    else if (params.conversation) {
        params.interactive_first = true;
    }

    // enable interactive mode if interactive start is specified
    if (params.interactive_first) {
        params.interactive = true;
    }

    if (params.verbose_prompt) {
        LOG_TEE("\n");
        LOG_TEE("%s: prompt: '%s'\n", __func__, params.prompt.c_str());
        LOG_TEE("%s: number of tokens in prompt = %zu\n", __func__, embd_inp.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) embd_inp.size(); i++) {
            LOG_TEE("%6d -> '%s'\n", embd_inp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, embd_inp[i]).c_str());
        }

        if (ctx_guidance) {
            LOG_TEE("\n");
            LOG_TEE("%s: negative prompt: '%s'\n", __func__, sparams.cfg_negative_prompt.c_str());
            LOG_TEE("%s: number of tokens in negative prompt = %zu\n", __func__, guidance_inp.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) guidance_inp.size(); i++) {
                LOG_TEE("%6d -> '%s'\n", guidance_inp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, guidance_inp[i]).c_str());
            }
        }

        if (params.n_keep > add_bos) {
            LOG_TEE("%s: static prompt based on n_keep: '", __func__);
            for (int i = 0; i < params.n_keep; i++) {
                LOG_TEE("%s", llama_token_to_piece(ctx, embd_inp[i]).c_str());
            }
            LOG_TEE("'\n");
        }
        LOG_TEE("\n");
    }

    // ctrl+C handling
    {
#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
        struct sigaction sigint_action;
        sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
        sigemptyset (&sigint_action.sa_mask);
        sigint_action.sa_flags = 0;
        sigaction(SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL);
#elif defined (_WIN32)
        auto console_ctrl_handler = +[](DWORD ctrl_type) -> BOOL {
            return (ctrl_type == CTRL_C_EVENT) ? (sigint_handler(SIGINT), true) : false;
        };
        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
#endif
    }

    if (params.interactive) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: interactive mode on.\n", __func__);

        if (!params.antiprompt.empty()) {
            for (const auto & antiprompt : params.antiprompt) {
                LOG_TEE("Reverse prompt: '%s'\n", antiprompt.c_str());
                if (params.verbose_prompt) {
                    auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, antiprompt, false, true);
                    for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
                        LOG_TEE("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, tmp[i]).c_str());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (params.input_prefix_bos) {
            LOG_TEE("Input prefix with BOS\n");
        }

        if (!params.input_prefix.empty()) {
            LOG_TEE("Input prefix: '%s'\n", params.input_prefix.c_str());
            if (params.verbose_prompt) {
                auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.input_prefix, true, true);
                for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
                    LOG_TEE("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, tmp[i]).c_str());
                }
            }
        }

        if (!params.input_suffix.empty()) {
            LOG_TEE("Input suffix: '%s'\n", params.input_suffix.c_str());
            if (params.verbose_prompt) {
                auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.input_suffix, false, true);
                for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
                    LOG_TEE("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, tmp[i]).c_str());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    LOG_TEE("sampling: \n%s\n", llama_sampling_print(sparams).c_str());
    LOG_TEE("sampling order: \n%s\n", llama_sampling_order_print(sparams).c_str());
    LOG_TEE("generate: n_ctx = %d, n_batch = %d, n_predict = %d, n_keep = %d\n", n_ctx, params.n_batch, params.n_predict, params.n_keep);

    // group-attention state
    // number of grouped KV tokens so far (used only if params.grp_attn_n > 1)
    int ga_i = 0;

    const int ga_n = params.grp_attn_n;
    const int ga_w = params.grp_attn_w;

    if (ga_n != 1) {
        GGML_ASSERT(ga_n > 0                    && "grp_attn_n must be positive");                     // NOLINT
        GGML_ASSERT(ga_w % ga_n == 0            && "grp_attn_w must be a multiple of grp_attn_n");     // NOLINT
      //GGML_ASSERT(n_ctx_train % ga_w == 0     && "n_ctx_train must be a multiple of grp_attn_w");    // NOLINT
      //GGML_ASSERT(n_ctx >= n_ctx_train * ga_n && "n_ctx must be at least n_ctx_train * grp_attn_n"); // NOLINT
        LOG_TEE("self-extend: n_ctx_train = %d, grp_attn_n = %d, grp_attn_w = %d\n", n_ctx_train, ga_n, ga_w);
    }
    LOG_TEE("\n\n");

    if (params.interactive) {
        const char *control_message;
        if (params.multiline_input) {
            control_message = " - To return control to LLaMa, end your input with '\\'.\n"
                              " - To return control without starting a new line, end your input with '/'.\n";
        } else {
            control_message = " - Press Return to return control to LLaMa.\n"
                              " - To return control without starting a new line, end your input with '/'.\n"
                              " - If you want to submit another line, end your input with '\\'.\n";
        }
        LOG_TEE("== Running in interactive mode. ==\n");
#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__)) || defined (_WIN32)
        LOG_TEE(       " - Press Ctrl+C to interject at any time.\n");
#endif
        LOG_TEE(       "%s\n", control_message);

        is_interacting = params.interactive_first;
    }

    bool is_antiprompt        = false;
    bool input_echo           = true;
    bool display              = true;
    bool need_to_save_session = !path_session.empty() && n_matching_session_tokens < embd_inp.size();

    int n_past             = 0;
    int n_remain           = params.n_predict;
    int n_consumed         = 0;
    int n_session_consumed = 0;
    int n_past_guidance    = 0;

    std::vector<int>   input_tokens;  g_input_tokens  = &input_tokens;
    std::vector<int>   output_tokens; g_output_tokens = &output_tokens;
    std::ostringstream output_ss;     g_output_ss     = &output_ss;

    // the first thing we will do is to output the prompt, so set color accordingly
    console::set_display(console::prompt);
    display = params.display_prompt;

    std::vector<llama_token> embd;
    std::vector<llama_token> embd_guidance;

    // tokenized antiprompts
    std::vector<std::vector<llama_token>> antiprompt_ids;

    antiprompt_ids.reserve(params.antiprompt.size());
    for (const std::string & antiprompt : params.antiprompt) {
        antiprompt_ids.emplace_back(::llama_tokenize(ctx, antiprompt, false, true));
    }

    struct llama_sampling_context * ctx_sampling = llama_sampling_init(sparams);
    if (!ctx_sampling) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to initialize sampling subsystem\n", __func__);
        exit(1);
    }

    while ((n_remain != 0 && !is_antiprompt) || params.interactive) {
        // predict
        if (!embd.empty()) {
            // Note: (n_ctx - 4) here is to match the logic for commandline prompt handling via
            // --prompt or --file which uses the same value.
            int max_embd_size = n_ctx - 4;

            // Ensure the input doesn't exceed the context size by truncating embd if necessary.
            if ((int) embd.size() > max_embd_size) {
                const int skipped_tokens = (int) embd.size() - max_embd_size;
                embd.resize(max_embd_size);

                console::set_display(console::error);
                printf("<<input too long: skipped %d token%s>>", skipped_tokens, skipped_tokens != 1 ? "s" : "");
                console::set_display(console::reset);
                fflush(stdout);
            }

            if (ga_n == 1) {
                // infinite text generation via context shifting
                // if we run out of context:
                // - take the n_keep first tokens from the original prompt (via n_past)
                // - take half of the last (n_ctx - n_keep) tokens and recompute the logits in batches
                if (n_past + (int) embd.size() + std::max<int>(0, guidance_offset) >= n_ctx) {
                    if (params.n_predict == -2) {
                        LOG_TEE("\n\n%s: context full and n_predict == -%d => stopping\n", __func__, params.n_predict);
                        break;
                    }

                    const int n_left    = n_past - params.n_keep;
                    const int n_discard = n_left/2;

                    LOG("context full, swapping: n_past = %d, n_left = %d, n_ctx = %d, n_keep = %d, n_discard = %d\n",
                            n_past, n_left, n_ctx, params.n_keep, n_discard);

                    llama_kv_cache_seq_rm (ctx, 0, params.n_keep            , params.n_keep + n_discard);
                    llama_kv_cache_seq_add(ctx, 0, params.n_keep + n_discard, n_past, -n_discard);

                    n_past -= n_discard;

                    if (ctx_guidance) {
                        n_past_guidance -= n_discard;
                    }

                    LOG("after swap: n_past = %d, n_past_guidance = %d\n", n_past, n_past_guidance);

                    LOG("embd: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, embd).c_str());

                    LOG("clear session path\n");
                    path_session.clear();
                }
            } else {
                // context extension via Self-Extend
                while (n_past >= ga_i + ga_w) {
                    const int ib = (ga_n*ga_i)/ga_w;
                    const int bd = (ga_w/ga_n)*(ga_n - 1);
                    const int dd = (ga_w/ga_n) - ib*bd - ga_w;

                    LOG("\n");
                    LOG("shift: [%6d, %6d] + %6d -> [%6d, %6d]\n", ga_i, n_past, ib*bd, ga_i + ib*bd, n_past + ib*bd);
                    LOG("div:   [%6d, %6d] / %6d -> [%6d, %6d]\n", ga_i + ib*bd, ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w, ga_n, (ga_i + ib*bd)/ga_n, (ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w)/ga_n);
                    LOG("shift: [%6d, %6d] + %6d -> [%6d, %6d]\n", ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w, n_past + ib*bd, dd, ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w + dd, n_past + ib*bd + dd);

                    llama_kv_cache_seq_add(ctx, 0, ga_i,                n_past,              ib*bd);
                    llama_kv_cache_seq_div(ctx, 0, ga_i + ib*bd,        ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w, ga_n);
                    llama_kv_cache_seq_add(ctx, 0, ga_i + ib*bd + ga_w, n_past + ib*bd,      dd);

                    n_past -= bd;

                    ga_i += ga_w/ga_n;

                    LOG("\nn_past_old = %d, n_past = %d, ga_i = %d\n\n", n_past + bd, n_past, ga_i);
                }
            }

            // try to reuse a matching prefix from the loaded session instead of re-eval (via n_past)
            if (n_session_consumed < (int) session_tokens.size()) {
                size_t i = 0;
                for ( ; i < embd.size(); i++) {
                    if (embd[i] != session_tokens[n_session_consumed]) {
                        session_tokens.resize(n_session_consumed);
                        break;
                    }

                    n_past++;
                    n_session_consumed++;

                    if (n_session_consumed >= (int) session_tokens.size()) {
                        ++i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (i > 0) {
                    embd.erase(embd.begin(), embd.begin() + i);
                }
            }

            // evaluate tokens in batches
            // embd is typically prepared beforehand to fit within a batch, but not always
            if (ctx_guidance) {
                int input_size = 0;
                llama_token * input_buf = NULL;

                if (n_past_guidance < (int) guidance_inp.size()) {
                    // Guidance context should have the same data with these modifications:
                    //
                    // * Replace the initial prompt
                    // * Shift everything by guidance_offset
                    embd_guidance = guidance_inp;
                    if (embd.begin() + original_prompt_len < embd.end()) {
                        embd_guidance.insert(
                            embd_guidance.end(),
                            embd.begin() + original_prompt_len,
                            embd.end()
                        );
                    }

                    input_buf  = embd_guidance.data();
                    input_size = embd_guidance.size();

                    LOG("guidance context: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, embd_guidance).c_str());
                } else {
                    input_buf  = embd.data();
                    input_size = embd.size();
                }

                for (int i = 0; i < input_size; i += params.n_batch) {
                    int n_eval = std::min(input_size - i, params.n_batch);
                    if (llama_decode(ctx_guidance, llama_batch_get_one(input_buf + i, n_eval, n_past_guidance, 0))) {
                        LOG_TEE("%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
                        return 1;
                    }

                    n_past_guidance += n_eval;
                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < (int) embd.size(); i += params.n_batch) {
                int n_eval = (int) embd.size() - i;
                if (n_eval > params.n_batch) {
                    n_eval = params.n_batch;
                }

                LOG("eval: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, embd).c_str());

                if (llama_decode(ctx, llama_batch_get_one(&embd[i], n_eval, n_past, 0))) {
                    LOG_TEE("%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
                    return 1;
                }

                n_past += n_eval;

                LOG("n_past = %d\n", n_past);
                // Display total tokens alongside total time
                if (params.n_print > 0 && n_past % params.n_print == 0) {
                    LOG_TEE("\n\033[31mTokens consumed so far = %d / %d \033[0m\n", n_past, n_ctx);
                }
            }

            if (!embd.empty() && !path_session.empty()) {
                session_tokens.insert(session_tokens.end(), embd.begin(), embd.end());
                n_session_consumed = session_tokens.size();
            }
        }

        embd.clear();
        embd_guidance.clear();

        if ((int) embd_inp.size() <= n_consumed && !is_interacting) {
            // optionally save the session on first sample (for faster prompt loading next time)
            if (!path_session.empty() && need_to_save_session && !params.prompt_cache_ro) {
                need_to_save_session = false;
                llama_state_save_file(ctx, path_session.c_str(), session_tokens.data(), session_tokens.size());

                LOG("saved session to %s\n", path_session.c_str());
            }

            const llama_token id = llama_sampling_sample(ctx_sampling, ctx, ctx_guidance);

            llama_sampling_accept(ctx_sampling, ctx, id, true);

            LOG("last: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, ctx_sampling->prev).c_str());

            embd.push_back(id);

            // echo this to console
            input_echo = true;

            // decrement remaining sampling budget
            --n_remain;

            LOG("n_remain: %d\n", n_remain);
        } else {
            // some user input remains from prompt or interaction, forward it to processing
            LOG("embd_inp.size(): %d, n_consumed: %d\n", (int) embd_inp.size(), n_consumed);
            while ((int) embd_inp.size() > n_consumed) {
                embd.push_back(embd_inp[n_consumed]);

                // push the prompt in the sampling context in order to apply repetition penalties later
                // for the prompt, we don't apply grammar rules
                llama_sampling_accept(ctx_sampling, ctx, embd_inp[n_consumed], false);

                ++n_consumed;
                if ((int) embd.size() >= params.n_batch) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // display text
        if (input_echo && display) {
            for (auto id : embd) {
                const std::string token_str = llama_token_to_piece(ctx, id);

                // Console/Stream Output
                if (!llama_token_is_control(llama_get_model(ctx), id)) {
                    // Stream Output Token To Standard Output
                    fprintf(stdout, "%s", token_str.c_str());
                } else if (!params.no_special) {
#ifndef _MSC_VER
                    if (control_token_file_descriptor_is_attached) {
                        // Stream Control Token To Special Token Output. Useful for debugging control token behaviour
                        (void)! write(SPECIAL_FILENO, token_str.c_str(), token_str.length());
                    } else
#endif
                    if (control_token_allowed_on_standard_stream)
                    {
                        // Stream Control Token To Standard Output Stream
                        fprintf(stdout, "%s", token_str.c_str());
                    }
                }
                // Record Displayed Tokens To Log
                // Note: Generated tokens are created one by one hence this check
                if (embd.size() > 1) {
                    // Incoming Requested Tokens
                    input_tokens.push_back(id);
                } else {
                    // Outgoing Generated Tokens
                    output_tokens.push_back(id);
                    output_ss << token_str;
                }
                fflush(stdout);
            }
        }

        // reset color to default if there is no pending user input
        if (input_echo && (int) embd_inp.size() == n_consumed) {
            console::set_display(console::reset);
            display = true;
        }

        // if not currently processing queued inputs;
        if ((int) embd_inp.size() <= n_consumed) {
            // check for reverse prompt in the last n_prev tokens
            if (!params.antiprompt.empty()) {
                const int n_prev = 32;
                const std::string last_output = llama_sampling_prev_str(ctx_sampling, ctx, n_prev);

                is_antiprompt = false;
                // Check if each of the reverse prompts appears at the end of the output.
                // If we're not running interactively, the reverse prompt might be tokenized with some following characters
                // so we'll compensate for that by widening the search window a bit.
                for (std::string & antiprompt : params.antiprompt) {
                    size_t extra_padding = params.interactive ? 0 : 2;
                    size_t search_start_pos = last_output.length() > static_cast<size_t>(antiprompt.length() + extra_padding)
                        ? last_output.length() - static_cast<size_t>(antiprompt.length() + extra_padding)
                        : 0;

                    if (last_output.find(antiprompt, search_start_pos) != std::string::npos) {
                        if (params.interactive) {
                            is_interacting = true;
                        }
                        is_antiprompt = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // check for reverse prompt using special tokens
                llama_token last_token = llama_sampling_last(ctx_sampling);
                for (std::vector<llama_token> ids : antiprompt_ids) {
                    if (ids.size() == 1 && last_token == ids[0]) {
                        if (params.interactive) {
                            is_interacting = true;
                        }
                        is_antiprompt = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (is_antiprompt) {
                    LOG("found antiprompt: %s\n", last_output.c_str());
                }
            }

            // deal with end of generation tokens in interactive mode
            if (llama_token_is_eog(model, llama_sampling_last(ctx_sampling))) {
                LOG("found an EOG token\n");

                if (params.interactive) {
                    if (!params.antiprompt.empty()) {
                        // tokenize and inject first reverse prompt
                        const auto first_antiprompt = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.antiprompt.front(), false, true);
                        embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), first_antiprompt.begin(), first_antiprompt.end());
                        is_antiprompt = true;
                    }

                    is_interacting = true;
                    printf("\n");
                } else if (params.instruct || params.chatml) {
                    is_interacting = true;
                }
            }

            if (n_past > 0 && is_interacting) {
                LOG("waiting for user input\n");

                if (params.conversation || params.instruct || params.chatml) {
                    printf("\n> ");
                }

                if (params.input_prefix_bos) {
                    LOG("adding input prefix BOS token\n");
                    embd_inp.push_back(llama_token_bos(model));
                }

                std::string buffer;
                if (!params.input_prefix.empty() && !params.conversation) {
                    LOG("appending input prefix: '%s'\n", params.input_prefix.c_str());
                    printf("%s", params.input_prefix.c_str());
                }

                // color user input only
                console::set_display(console::user_input);
                display = params.display_prompt;

                std::string line;
                bool another_line = true;
                do {
                    another_line = console::readline(line, params.multiline_input);
                    buffer += line;
                } while (another_line);

                // done taking input, reset color
                console::set_display(console::reset);
                display = true;

                // Add tokens to embd only if the input buffer is non-empty
                // Entering a empty line lets the user pass control back
                if (buffer.length() > 1) {
                    // append input suffix if any
                    if (!params.input_suffix.empty() && !params.conversation) {
                        LOG("appending input suffix: '%s'\n", params.input_suffix.c_str());
                        printf("%s", params.input_suffix.c_str());
                    }

                    LOG("buffer: '%s'\n", buffer.c_str());

                    const size_t original_size = embd_inp.size();

                    // instruct mode: insert instruction prefix
                    if (params.instruct && !is_antiprompt) {
                        LOG("inserting instruction prefix\n");
                        n_consumed = embd_inp.size();
                        embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), inp_pfx.begin(), inp_pfx.end());
                    }
                    // chatml mode: insert user chat prefix
                    if (params.chatml && !is_antiprompt) {
                        LOG("inserting chatml prefix\n");
                        n_consumed = embd_inp.size();
                        embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), cml_pfx.begin(), cml_pfx.end());
                    }
                    if (params.escape) {
                        process_escapes(buffer);
                    }

                    const auto line_pfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.input_prefix, false, true);
                    const auto line_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, buffer,              false, params.interactive_specials);
                    const auto line_sfx = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.input_suffix, false, true);

                    LOG("input tokens: %s\n", LOG_TOKENS_TOSTR_PRETTY(ctx, line_inp).c_str());

                    embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), line_pfx.begin(), line_pfx.end());
                    embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), line_inp.begin(), line_inp.end());
                    embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), line_sfx.begin(), line_sfx.end());

                    // instruct mode: insert response suffix
                    if (params.instruct) {
                        LOG("inserting instruction suffix\n");
                        embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), inp_sfx.begin(), inp_sfx.end());
                    }
                    // chatml mode: insert assistant chat suffix
                    if (params.chatml) {
                        LOG("inserting chatml suffix\n");
                        embd_inp.insert(embd_inp.end(), cml_sfx.begin(), cml_sfx.end());
                    }

                    for (size_t i = original_size; i < embd_inp.size(); ++i) {
                        const llama_token token = embd_inp[i];
                        output_tokens.push_back(token);
                        output_ss << llama_token_to_piece(ctx, token);
                    }

                    n_remain -= line_inp.size();
                    LOG("n_remain: %d\n", n_remain);
                } else {
                    LOG("empty line, passing control back\n");
                }

                input_echo = false; // do not echo this again
            }

            if (n_past > 0) {
                if (is_interacting) {
                    llama_sampling_reset(ctx_sampling);
                }
                is_interacting = false;
            }
        }

        // end of generation
        if (!embd.empty() && llama_token_is_eog(model, embd.back()) && !(params.instruct || params.interactive || params.chatml)) {
            LOG_TEE(" [end of text]\n");
            break;
        }

        // In interactive mode, respect the maximum number of tokens and drop back to user input when reached.
        // We skip this logic when n_predict == -1 (infinite) or -2 (stop at context size).
        if (params.interactive && n_remain <= 0 && params.n_predict >= 0) {
            n_remain = params.n_predict;
            is_interacting = true;
        }
    }

    if (!path_session.empty() && params.prompt_cache_all && !params.prompt_cache_ro) {
        LOG_TEE("\n%s: saving final output to session file '%s'\n", __func__, path_session.c_str());
        llama_state_save_file(ctx, path_session.c_str(), session_tokens.data(), session_tokens.size());
    }

    llama_print_timings(ctx);
    write_logfile(ctx, params, model, input_tokens, output_ss.str(), output_tokens);

    if (ctx_guidance) { llama_free(ctx_guidance); }
    llama_free(ctx);
    llama_free_model(model);

    llama_sampling_free(ctx_sampling);
    llama_backend_free();

#ifndef LOG_DISABLE_LOGS
    LOG_TEE("Log end\n");
#endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    return 0;
}