[EngSys] pin dev dependency typescript version to ~5.7.3

as 5.8 introduces some changes that cause generated .d.ts files incompatible
with previous versions of TypeScript compiler:

microsoft/TypeScript#61360 (comment)

This PR temporarily pinns its version to ~5.7.3 until we can upgrade to v5.8

Author: jeremymeng

common/config/rush/common-versions.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
      * instead of the latest version.
      */
     // "some-library": "1.2.3"
+    "typescript": "~5.7.3"
   },
   /**
    * When set to true, for all projects in the repo, all dependencies will be automatically added as preferredVersions,