sql_value.rs

// Rust-oracle - Rust binding for Oracle database
//
// URL: https://github.com/kubo/rust-oracle
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Kubo Takehiro <kubo@jiubao.org>. All rights reserved.
// This program is free software: you can modify it and/or redistribute it
// under the terms of:
//
// (i)  the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 or at your option, any
//      later version (http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl); and/or
//
// (ii) the Apache License v 2.0. (http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::fmt;
use std::os::raw::c_char;
use std::ptr;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::str;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::binding::*;
use crate::chkerr;
use crate::connection::Conn;
use crate::sql_type::Bfile;
use crate::sql_type::Blob;
use crate::sql_type::Clob;
use crate::sql_type::Collection;
use crate::sql_type::FromSql;
use crate::sql_type::IntervalDS;
use crate::sql_type::IntervalYM;
use crate::sql_type::NativeType;
use crate::sql_type::Nclob;
use crate::sql_type::Object;
use crate::sql_type::ObjectType;
use crate::sql_type::OracleType;
use crate::sql_type::RefCursor;
use crate::sql_type::Timestamp;
use crate::sql_type::ToSql;
use crate::statement::LobBindType;
use crate::statement::QueryParams;
use crate::to_rust_slice;
use crate::to_rust_str;
use crate::util::check_number_format;
use crate::util::parse_str_into_raw;
use crate::util::set_hex_string;
use crate::AssertSend;
use crate::Context;
use crate::DpiObject;
use crate::DpiStmt;
use crate::DpiVar;
use crate::Error;
use crate::ErrorKind;
use crate::Result;

macro_rules! flt_to_int {
    ($expr:expr, $src_type:ident, $dest_type:ident) => {{
        let src_val = $expr;
        if $dest_type::MIN as $src_type <= src_val && src_val <= $dest_type::MAX as $src_type {
            Ok(src_val as $dest_type)
        } else {
            Err(Error::out_of_range(format!(
                "{} overflow: {}",
                stringify!($dest_type),
                src_val.to_string(),
            )))
        }
    }};
}

macro_rules! define_fn_to_int {
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* : $func_name:ident, $type:ident) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub (crate)fn $func_name(&self) -> Result<$type> {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Int64 =>
                    Ok(self.get_i64_unchecked()?.try_into()?),
                NativeType::UInt64 =>
                    Ok(self.get_u64_unchecked()?.try_into()?),
                NativeType::Float =>
                    flt_to_int!(self.get_f32_unchecked()?, f32, $type),
                NativeType::Double =>
                    flt_to_int!(self.get_f64_unchecked()?, f64, $type),
                NativeType::Char |
                NativeType::Clob |
                NativeType::Number =>
                    Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?),
                _ =>
                    self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type(stringify!($type))
            }
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! define_fn_set_int {
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* : $func_name:ident, $type:ident) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub(crate) fn $func_name(&mut self, val: &$type) -> Result<()> {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Int64 =>
                    self.set_i64_unchecked(*val as i64),
                NativeType::UInt64 =>
                    self.set_u64_unchecked(*val as u64),
                NativeType::Float =>
                    self.set_f32_unchecked(*val as f32),
                NativeType::Double =>
                    self.set_f64_unchecked(*val as f64),
                NativeType::Char |
                NativeType::Number => {
                    let s = val.to_string();
                    self.set_string_unchecked(&s)
                },
                _ =>
                    self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type(stringify!($type))
            }
        }
    }
}

pub enum BufferRowIndex {
    Shared(Arc<AtomicU32>),
    Owned(u32),
}

enum DpiData<'a> {
    Data(&'a mut dpiData),
    Var(Rc<DpiVar>), // Rc is incremented only when <Row as RowValue>::get() is called.
    Null,
}

unsafe impl Send for DpiData<'_> {}

/// A type containing an Oracle value
///
/// When this is a column value in a select statement, the Oracle type is
/// determined by the column type.
///
/// When this is a bind value in a SQL statement, the Oracle type is determined
/// by [`ToSql::oratype`].
pub struct SqlValue<'a> {
    conn: Conn,
    data: DpiData<'a>,
    native_type: NativeType,
    oratype: Option<OracleType>,
    pub(crate) array_size: u32,
    pub(crate) buffer_row_index: BufferRowIndex,
    keep_bytes: Vec<u8>,
    keep_dpiobj: DpiObject,
    pub(crate) lob_bind_type: LobBindType,
    pub(crate) query_params: QueryParams,
}

impl SqlValue<'_> {
    fn new(
        conn: Conn,
        lob_bind_type: LobBindType,
        query_params: QueryParams,
        array_size: u32,
    ) -> SqlValue<'static> {
        SqlValue {
            conn,
            data: DpiData::Null,
            native_type: NativeType::Int64,
            oratype: None,
            array_size,
            buffer_row_index: BufferRowIndex::Owned(0),
            keep_bytes: Vec::new(),
            keep_dpiobj: DpiObject::null(),
            lob_bind_type,
            query_params,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn for_bind(
        conn: Conn,
        query_params: QueryParams,
        array_size: u32,
    ) -> SqlValue<'static> {
        SqlValue::new(conn, LobBindType::Locator, query_params, array_size)
    }

    pub(crate) fn for_column(
        conn: Conn,
        query_params: QueryParams,
        shared_buffer_row_index: Arc<AtomicU32>,
        oratype: &OracleType,
        stmt_handle: *mut dpiStmt,
        pos: u32,
    ) -> Result<SqlValue<'static>> {
        let array_size = query_params.fetch_array_size;
        let mut val = SqlValue::new(conn, query_params.lob_bind_type, query_params, array_size);
        let oratype_i64 = OracleType::Int64;
        let oratype = match oratype {
            // When the column type is number whose prec is less than 18
            // and the scale is zero, define it as int64.
            OracleType::Number(prec, 0) if 0 < *prec && *prec < DPI_MAX_INT64_PRECISION as u8 => {
                &oratype_i64
            }
            _ => oratype,
        };
        val.buffer_row_index = BufferRowIndex::Shared(shared_buffer_row_index);
        val.init_handle(oratype)?;
        chkerr!(val.ctxt(), dpiStmt_define(stmt_handle, pos, val.handle()?));
        Ok(val)
    }

    // for object type
    pub(crate) fn from_oratype<'a>(
        conn: Conn,
        oratype: &OracleType,
        data: &'a mut dpiData,
    ) -> Result<SqlValue<'a>> {
        let (_, native_type, _, _) = oratype.var_create_param()?;
        Ok(SqlValue {
            conn,
            data: DpiData::Data(data),
            native_type,
            oratype: Some(oratype.clone()),
            array_size: 0,
            buffer_row_index: BufferRowIndex::Owned(0),
            keep_bytes: Vec::new(),
            keep_dpiobj: DpiObject::null(),
            lob_bind_type: LobBindType::Locator,
            query_params: QueryParams::new(),
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn ctxt(&self) -> &Context {
        self.conn.ctxt()
    }

    fn handle_is_reusable(&self, oratype: &OracleType) -> Result<bool> {
        match self.data {
            DpiData::Var(_) => (),
            _ => return Ok(false),
        };
        let current_oratype = match self.oratype {
            Some(ref oratype) => oratype,
            None => return Ok(false),
        };
        let (current_oratype_num, current_native_type, current_size, _) =
            current_oratype.var_create_param()?;
        let (new_oratype_num, new_native_type, new_size, _) = oratype.var_create_param()?;
        if current_oratype_num != new_oratype_num {
            return Ok(false);
        }
        match current_oratype_num {
            DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_VARCHAR
            | DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_NVARCHAR
            | DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_CHAR
            | DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_NCHAR
            | DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_RAW => Ok(current_size >= new_size),
            DPI_ORACLE_TYPE_OBJECT => Ok(current_native_type == new_native_type),
            _ => Ok(true),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn init_handle(&mut self, oratype: &OracleType) -> Result<bool> {
        if self.handle_is_reusable(oratype)? {
            return Ok(false);
        }
        self.data = DpiData::Null;
        let (oratype_num, native_type, size, size_is_byte) = match self.lob_bind_type {
            LobBindType::Bytes => match oratype {
                OracleType::CLOB => &OracleType::Long,
                OracleType::NCLOB => {
                    // When the size is larger than DPI_MAX_BASIC_BUFFER_SIZE, ODPI-C uses
                    // a dynamic buffer instead of a fixed-size buffer.
                    &OracleType::NVarchar2(DPI_MAX_BASIC_BUFFER_SIZE + 1)
                }
                OracleType::BLOB => &OracleType::LongRaw,
                OracleType::BFILE => &OracleType::LongRaw,
                _ => oratype,
            },
            LobBindType::Locator => oratype,
        }
        .var_create_param()?;
        let mut handle = ptr::null_mut();
        let mut data = ptr::null_mut();
        let native_type_num = native_type.to_native_type_num();
        let object_type_handle = native_type.to_object_type_handle();
        chkerr!(
            self.ctxt(),
            dpiConn_newVar(
                self.conn.handle.raw(),
                oratype_num,
                native_type_num,
                self.array_size,
                size,
                size_is_byte,
                0,
                object_type_handle,
                &mut handle,
                &mut data,
            )
        );
        self.data = DpiData::Var(Rc::new(DpiVar::new(handle, data)));
        self.native_type = native_type;
        self.oratype = Some(oratype.clone());
        if native_type_num == DPI_NATIVE_TYPE_STMT {
            for i in 0..self.array_size {
                let handle = unsafe { dpiData_getStmt(data.offset(i as isize)) };
                if let Some(prefetch_rows) = self.query_params.prefetch_rows {
                    chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiStmt_setPrefetchRows(handle, prefetch_rows));
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(true)
    }

    pub(crate) fn fix_internal_data(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let handle = self.handle()?;
        let mut num = 0;
        let mut data = ptr::null_mut();
        chkerr!(
            self.ctxt(),
            dpiVar_getReturnedData(handle, 0, &mut num, &mut data)
        );
        if num != 0 {
            self.array_size = num;
            self.data = DpiData::Var(Rc::new(DpiVar::with_add_ref(handle, data)));
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn buffer_row_index(&self) -> u32 {
        match self.buffer_row_index {
            BufferRowIndex::Shared(ref idx) => idx.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            BufferRowIndex::Owned(idx) => idx,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn handle(&self) -> Result<*mut dpiVar> {
        if let DpiData::Var(var) = &self.data {
            Ok(var.raw)
        } else {
            Err(Error::internal_error("dpVar handle isn't initialized"))
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn data(&self) -> Result<&mut dpiData> {
        unsafe {
            Ok(&mut *match self.data {
                DpiData::Data(ref data) => *data as *const dpiData as *mut dpiData,
                DpiData::Var(ref var) => var.data,
                DpiData::Null => {
                    return Err(Error::internal_error("dpData isn't initialized"));
                }
            }
            .offset(self.buffer_row_index() as isize))
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn native_type_num(&self) -> dpiNativeTypeNum {
        self.native_type.to_native_type_num()
    }

    /// Gets the Oracle value. It internally does the followings:
    ///
    /// 1. Checks whether the conversion from the Oracle type to the target rust type
    ///    is allowed. It returns `Err(Error::InvalidTypeConversion(...))` when it
    ///    isn't allowed.
    /// 2. Checks whether the Oracle value is null. When it is null and the return
    ///    type is `Option<FromSql>`, it returns `Ok(None)`. When it is null and it
    ///    isn't `Option<FromSql>`, it returns `Err(Error::NullValue)`.
    /// 3. Converts the Oracle value to the rust value. The data type is converted
    ///    implicitly if required. For example string is converted to i64 by
    ///    [`str::parse`] if `get::<i64>()` is called for `VARCHAR2` columns.
    ///    If the conversion fails, various errors are returned.
    pub fn get<T>(&self) -> Result<T>
    where
        T: FromSql,
    {
        <T>::from_sql(self)
    }

    /// Sets a rust value to the Oracle value. It internally does the followings:
    ///
    /// 1. Checks whether the conversion from the rust type to the target Oracle type
    ///    is allowed. It returns `Err(Error::InvalidTypeConversion(...))` when it
    ///    isn't allowed.
    /// 2. When the argument type is `None::<ToSql>`, null is set.
    /// 3. Otherwise, converts the rust value to the Oracle value. The data type
    ///    is converted implicitly if required. For example i64 is converted to
    ///    string by `to_string()` if `set(100i64)` is called for `VARCHAR2` columns.
    ///    When the argument is `None::<ToSql>`
    ///    If the conversion fails, various errors are returned.
    pub fn set(&mut self, val: &dyn ToSql) -> Result<()> {
        val.to_sql(self)
    }

    fn invalid_conversion_to_rust_type<T>(&self, to_type: &str) -> Result<T> {
        Err(match self.oratype {
            Some(ref oratype) => Error::invalid_type_conversion(oratype.to_string(), to_type),
            None => Error::uninitialized_bind_value(),
        })
    }

    fn invalid_conversion_from_rust_type<T>(&self, from_type: &str) -> Result<T> {
        Err(match self.oratype {
            Some(ref oratype) => Error::invalid_type_conversion(from_type, oratype.to_string()),
            None => Error::uninitialized_bind_value(),
        })
    }

    fn lob_locator_is_not_set<T>(&self, to_type: &str) -> Result<T> {
        match self.oratype {
            Some(_) => Err(Error::invalid_operation(format!(
                "use StatementBuilder.lob_locator() instead to fetch LOB data as {}",
                to_type
            ))),
            None => Err(Error::uninitialized_bind_value()),
        }
    }

    fn check_not_null(&self) -> Result<()> {
        if self.is_null()? {
            Err(Error::null_value())
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    /// Returns `Ok(true)` when the SQL value is null. `Ok(false)` when it isn't null.
    pub fn is_null(&self) -> Result<bool> {
        Ok(self.data()?.isNull != 0)
    }

    /// Sets null to the SQL value.
    pub fn set_null(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.data()?.isNull = 1;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Gets the Oracle type of the SQL value.
    pub fn oracle_type(&self) -> Result<&OracleType> {
        match self.oratype {
            Some(ref oratype) => Ok(oratype),
            None => Err(Error::uninitialized_bind_value()),
        }
    }

    fn get_string(&self) -> Result<String> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Number => self.get_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Clob => self.get_clob_as_string_unchecked(),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("String"),
        }
    }

    //
    // get_TYPE_unchecked methods
    //

    /// Gets the SQL value as i64. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Int64. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_i64_unchecked(&self) -> Result<i64> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getInt64(self.data()?)) }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as u64. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::UInt64. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_u64_unchecked(&self) -> Result<u64> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getUint64(self.data()?)) }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as f32. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Float. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_f32_unchecked(&self) -> Result<f32> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getFloat(self.data()?)) }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as f64. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Double. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_f64_unchecked(&self) -> Result<f64> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getDouble(self.data()?)) }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as utf8 string. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Char or NativeType::Number. Otherwise, this may cause access
    /// violation.
    fn get_string_unchecked(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let bytes = dpiData_getBytes(self.data()?);
            Ok(to_rust_str((*bytes).ptr, (*bytes).length))
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as Vec<u8>. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Raw. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn get_raw_unchecked(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let bytes = dpiData_getBytes(self.data()?);
            let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity((*bytes).length as usize);
            vec.extend_from_slice(to_rust_slice((*bytes).ptr, (*bytes).length));
            Ok(vec)
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as hexadecimal string. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Raw. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn get_raw_as_hex_string_unchecked(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let bytes = dpiData_getBytes(self.data()?);
            let mut str = String::with_capacity(((*bytes).length * 2) as usize);
            set_hex_string(&mut str, to_rust_slice((*bytes).ptr, (*bytes).length));
            Ok(str)
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as Timestamp. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Timestamp. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_timestamp_unchecked(&self) -> Result<Timestamp> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let ts = dpiData_getTimestamp(self.data()?);
            Ok(Timestamp::from_dpi_timestamp(&*ts, self.oracle_type()?))
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as IntervalDS. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::IntervalDS. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_interval_ds_unchecked(&self) -> Result<IntervalDS> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let it = dpiData_getIntervalDS(self.data()?);
            IntervalDS::from_dpi_interval_ds(&*it, self.oracle_type()?)
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as IntervalYM. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::IntervalYM. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_interval_ym_unchecked(&self) -> Result<IntervalYM> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe {
            let it = dpiData_getIntervalYM(self.data()?);
            IntervalYM::from_dpi_interval_ym(&*it, self.oracle_type()?)
        }
    }

    fn get_clob_as_string_unchecked(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        const READ_CHAR_SIZE: u64 = 8192;
        let lob = unsafe { dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?) };
        let mut total_char_size = 0;
        let mut total_byte_size = 0;
        let mut bufsiz = 0;
        unsafe {
            dpiLob_getSize(lob, &mut total_char_size);
            dpiLob_getBufferSize(lob, total_char_size, &mut total_byte_size);
            dpiLob_getBufferSize(lob, READ_CHAR_SIZE, &mut bufsiz);
        }
        let mut result = String::with_capacity(total_byte_size as usize);
        let mut buf = vec![0u8; bufsiz as usize];
        let bufptr = buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char;

        let mut offset = 1;
        while offset <= total_char_size {
            let mut read_len = bufsiz;
            chkerr!(
                self.ctxt(),
                dpiLob_readBytes(lob, offset, READ_CHAR_SIZE, bufptr, &mut read_len)
            );
            result.push_str(str::from_utf8(&buf[..(read_len as usize)])?);
            offset += READ_CHAR_SIZE;
        }
        Ok(result)
    }

    fn get_blob_unchecked(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        let lob = unsafe { dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?) };
        let mut total_size = 0;
        unsafe {
            dpiLob_getSize(lob, &mut total_size);
        }
        let mut result: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(total_size as usize);
        let mut read_len = total_size;
        chkerr!(
            self.ctxt(),
            dpiLob_readBytes(
                lob,
                1,
                total_size,
                result.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char,
                &mut read_len
            )
        );
        unsafe {
            result.set_len(read_len as usize);
        }
        Ok(result)
    }

    fn get_blob_as_hex_string_unchecked(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        const READ_SIZE: u64 = 8192;
        let lob = unsafe { dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?) };
        let mut total_size = 0;
        unsafe {
            dpiLob_getSize(lob, &mut total_size);
        }
        let mut result = String::with_capacity((total_size * 2) as usize);
        let mut buf = vec![0u8; READ_SIZE as usize];
        let bufptr = buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char;

        let mut offset = 1;
        while offset <= total_size {
            let mut read_len = READ_SIZE;
            chkerr!(
                self.ctxt(),
                dpiLob_readBytes(lob, offset, READ_SIZE, bufptr, &mut read_len)
            );
            set_hex_string(&mut result, &buf[..(read_len as usize)]);
            offset += READ_SIZE;
        }
        Ok(result)
    }

    fn get_collection_unchecked(&self, objtype: &ObjectType) -> Result<Collection> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        let dpiobj = unsafe { dpiData_getObject(self.data()?) };
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiObject_addRef(dpiobj));
        Ok(Collection::new(
            self.conn.clone(),
            DpiObject::new(dpiobj),
            objtype.clone(),
        ))
    }

    fn get_object_unchecked(&self, objtype: &ObjectType) -> Result<Object> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        let dpiobj = unsafe { dpiData_getObject(self.data()?) };
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiObject_addRef(dpiobj));
        Ok(Object::new(
            self.conn.clone(),
            DpiObject::new(dpiobj),
            objtype.clone(),
        ))
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as bool. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Boolean. Otherwise, this returns unexpected value.
    fn get_bool_unchecked(&self) -> Result<bool> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getBool(self.data()?) != 0) }
    }

    fn get_rowid_as_string_unchecked(&self) -> Result<String> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        let mut ptr = ptr::null();
        let mut len = 0;
        chkerr!(
            self.ctxt(),
            dpiRowid_getStringValue(self.data()?.value.asRowid, &mut ptr, &mut len)
        );
        Ok(to_rust_str(ptr, len))
    }

    fn get_lob_unchecked(&self) -> Result<*mut dpiLob> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?)) }
    }

    fn get_stmt_unchecked(&self) -> Result<*mut dpiStmt> {
        self.check_not_null()?;
        unsafe { Ok(dpiData_getStmt(self.data()?)) }
    }

    //
    // set_TYPE_unchecked methods
    //

    /// Sets i64 to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Int64. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_i64_unchecked(&mut self, val: i64) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setInt64(self.data()?, val) }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets u64 to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::UInt64. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_u64_unchecked(&mut self, val: u64) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setUint64(self.data()?, val) }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets f32 to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Float. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_f32_unchecked(&mut self, val: f32) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setFloat(self.data()?, val) }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets f64 to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Double. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_f64_unchecked(&mut self, val: f64) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setDouble(self.data()?, val) }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn set_bytes_unchecked(&mut self, val: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        match &self.data {
            DpiData::Data(_) => {
                self.keep_bytes = Vec::with_capacity(val.len());
                self.keep_bytes.extend_from_slice(val);
                unsafe {
                    dpiData_setBytes(
                        self.data()?,
                        self.keep_bytes.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_char,
                        val.len() as u32,
                    );
                }
                Ok(())
            }
            DpiData::Var(var) => {
                chkerr!(
                    self.ctxt(),
                    dpiVar_setFromBytes(
                        var.raw,
                        self.buffer_row_index(),
                        val.as_ptr() as *const c_char,
                        val.len() as u32
                    )
                );
                Ok(())
            }
            DpiData::Null => Err(Error::internal_error("dpiData isn't initialized")),
        }
    }

    /// Sets utf8 string to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Char or NativeType::Number. Otherwise, this may cause access
    /// violation.
    fn set_string_unchecked(&mut self, val: &str) -> Result<()> {
        self.set_bytes_unchecked(val.as_bytes())
    }

    /// Sets &[u8] to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Raw. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_raw_unchecked(&mut self, val: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        self.set_bytes_unchecked(val)
    }

    /// Sets Timestamp to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Timestamp. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_timestamp_unchecked(&mut self, val: &Timestamp) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe {
            dpiData_setTimestamp(
                self.data()?,
                val.year() as i16,
                val.month() as u8,
                val.day() as u8,
                val.hour() as u8,
                val.minute() as u8,
                val.second() as u8,
                val.nanosecond(),
                val.tz_hour_offset() as i8,
                val.tz_minute_offset() as i8,
            )
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets IntervalDS to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::IntervalDS. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_interval_ds_unchecked(&mut self, val: &IntervalDS) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe {
            dpiData_setIntervalDS(
                self.data()?,
                val.days(),
                val.hours(),
                val.minutes(),
                val.seconds(),
                val.nanoseconds(),
            )
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Sets IntervalYM to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::IntervalYM. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_interval_ym_unchecked(&mut self, val: &IntervalYM) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setIntervalYM(self.data()?, val.years(), val.months()) }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn set_string_to_clob_unchecked(&mut self, val: &str) -> Result<()> {
        let ptr = val.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
        let len = val.len() as u64;
        let lob = unsafe { dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?) };
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiLob_trim(lob, 0));
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiLob_writeBytes(lob, 1, ptr, len));
        self.data()?.isNull = 0;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn set_raw_to_blob_unchecked(&mut self, val: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        let ptr = val.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
        let len = val.len() as u64;
        let lob = unsafe { dpiData_getLOB(self.data()?) };
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiLob_trim(lob, 0));
        chkerr!(self.ctxt(), dpiLob_writeBytes(lob, 1, ptr, len));
        self.data()?.isNull = 0;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn set_object_unchecked(&mut self, obj: &DpiObject) -> Result<()> {
        match self.data {
            DpiData::Data(_) => {
                unsafe { dpiData_setObject(self.data()?, obj.raw) }
                self.keep_dpiobj = obj.clone();
                Ok(())
            }
            DpiData::Var(ref var) => {
                chkerr!(
                    self.ctxt(),
                    dpiVar_setFromObject(var.raw, self.buffer_row_index(), obj.raw)
                );
                Ok(())
            }
            DpiData::Null => Err(Error::internal_error("dpiData isn't initialized")),
        }
    }

    /// Sets bool to the SQL value. The native_type must be
    /// NativeType::Boolean. Otherwise, this may cause access violation.
    fn set_bool_unchecked(&mut self, val: bool) -> Result<()> {
        unsafe { dpiData_setBool(self.data()?, i32::from(val)) }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn set_lob_unchecked(&mut self, lob: *mut dpiLob) -> Result<()> {
        chkerr!(
            self.ctxt(),
            dpiVar_setFromLob(self.handle()?, self.buffer_row_index(), lob)
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    pub(crate) fn clone_except_fetch_array_buffer(&self) -> Result<SqlValue<'static>> {
        if let DpiData::Var(ref var) = self.data {
            Ok(SqlValue {
                conn: self.conn.clone(),
                data: DpiData::Var(var.clone()),
                native_type: self.native_type.clone(),
                oratype: self.oratype.clone(),
                array_size: self.array_size,
                buffer_row_index: BufferRowIndex::Owned(self.buffer_row_index()),
                keep_bytes: Vec::new(),
                keep_dpiobj: DpiObject::null(),
                lob_bind_type: self.lob_bind_type,
                query_params: self.query_params.clone(),
            })
        } else {
            Err(Error::internal_error("dpVar handle isn't initialized"))
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn fetch_array_buffer_shared_count(&self) -> Result<usize> {
        if let DpiData::Var(ref var) = self.data {
            Ok(Rc::strong_count(var))
        } else {
            Err(Error::internal_error("dpData isn't initialized"))
        }
    }

    //
    // as_TYPE methods
    //

    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as i8. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_i8, i8);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as i16. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_i16, i16);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as i32. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_i32, i32);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as isize. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_isize, isize);

    /// Gets the SQL value as i64. The Oracle type must be
    /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
    pub(crate) fn to_i64(&self) -> Result<i64> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => self.get_i64_unchecked(),
            NativeType::UInt64 => Ok(self.get_u64_unchecked()?.try_into()?),
            NativeType::Float => flt_to_int!(self.get_f32_unchecked()?, f32, i64),
            NativeType::Double => flt_to_int!(self.get_f64_unchecked()?, f64, i64),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob | NativeType::Number => {
                Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?)
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("i64"),
        }
    }

    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as u8. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_u8, u8);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as u16. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_u16, u16);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as u32. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_u32, u32);
    define_fn_to_int!(
        /// Gets the SQL value as usize. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : to_usize, usize);

    /// Gets the SQL value as u64. The Oracle type must be
    /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
    pub(crate) fn to_u64(&self) -> Result<u64> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => Ok(self.get_i64_unchecked()?.try_into()?),
            NativeType::UInt64 => self.get_u64_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Float => flt_to_int!(self.get_f32_unchecked()?, f32, u64),
            NativeType::Double => flt_to_int!(self.get_f64_unchecked()?, f64, u64),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob | NativeType::Number => {
                Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?)
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("u64"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as f32. The Oracle type must be
    /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
    pub(crate) fn to_f32(&self) -> Result<f32> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => Ok(self.get_i64_unchecked()? as f32),
            NativeType::UInt64 => Ok(self.get_u64_unchecked()? as f32),
            NativeType::Float => self.get_f32_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Double => Ok(self.get_f64_unchecked()? as f32),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob | NativeType::Number => {
                Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?)
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("f32"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as f64. The Oracle type must be
    /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
    pub(crate) fn to_f64(&self) -> Result<f64> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => Ok(self.get_i64_unchecked()? as f64),
            NativeType::UInt64 => Ok(self.get_u64_unchecked()? as f64),
            NativeType::Float => Ok(self.get_f32_unchecked()? as f64),
            NativeType::Double => self.get_f64_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob | NativeType::Number => {
                Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?)
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("f64"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as string. ...
    pub(crate) fn to_string(&self) -> Result<String> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => Ok(self.get_i64_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::UInt64 => Ok(self.get_u64_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::Float => Ok(self.get_f32_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::Double => Ok(self.get_f64_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Number => self.get_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Raw => self.get_raw_as_hex_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Timestamp => Ok(self.get_timestamp_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::IntervalDS => Ok(self.get_interval_ds_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::IntervalYM => Ok(self.get_interval_ym_unchecked()?.to_string()),
            NativeType::Clob => self.get_clob_as_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Blob => self.get_blob_as_hex_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Object(ref objtype) => {
                if objtype.is_collection() {
                    Ok(self.get_collection_unchecked(objtype)?.to_string())
                } else {
                    Ok(self.get_object_unchecked(objtype)?.to_string())
                }
            }
            NativeType::Boolean => Ok(if self.get_bool_unchecked()? {
                "TRUE".into()
            } else {
                "FALSE".into()
            }),
            NativeType::Rowid => self.get_rowid_as_string_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Stmt => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("string"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as Vec\<u8>. ...
    pub(crate) fn to_bytes(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Raw => self.get_raw_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Blob => self.get_blob_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob => Ok(parse_str_into_raw(&self.get_string()?)?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("raw"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as Timestamp. The Oracle type must be
    /// `DATE`, `TIMESTAMP`, or `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`.
    pub(crate) fn to_timestamp(&self) -> Result<Timestamp> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Timestamp => self.get_timestamp_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob => Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Timestamp"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as IntervalDS. The Oracle type must be
    /// `INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND`.
    pub(crate) fn to_interval_ds(&self) -> Result<IntervalDS> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::IntervalDS => self.get_interval_ds_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob => Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("IntervalDS"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as IntervalYM. The Oracle type must be
    /// `INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH`.
    pub(crate) fn to_interval_ym(&self) -> Result<IntervalYM> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::IntervalYM => self.get_interval_ym_unchecked(),
            NativeType::Char | NativeType::Clob => Ok(self.get_string()?.parse()?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("IntervalYM"),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_collection(&self) -> Result<Collection> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Object(ref objtype) => {
                if objtype.is_collection() {
                    self.get_collection_unchecked(objtype)
                } else {
                    self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Collection")
                }
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Collection"),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_object(&self) -> Result<Object> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Object(ref objtype) => {
                if !objtype.is_collection() {
                    self.get_object_unchecked(objtype)
                } else {
                    self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Object")
                }
            }
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Object"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets the SQL value as bool. The Oracle type must be
    /// `BOOLEAN`(PL/SQL only).
    pub(crate) fn to_bool(&self) -> Result<bool> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Boolean => self.get_bool_unchecked(),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("bool"),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_bfile(&self) -> Result<Bfile> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::BFILE) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Blob => return Bfile::from_raw(self.ctxt(), self.get_lob_unchecked()?),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Bfile"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Bfile")
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_blob(&self) -> Result<Blob> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::BLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Blob => return Blob::from_raw(self.ctxt(), self.get_lob_unchecked()?),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Blob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Blob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_clob(&self) -> Result<Clob> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::CLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Clob => return Clob::from_raw(self.ctxt(), self.get_lob_unchecked()?),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Clob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Clob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_nclob(&self) -> Result<Nclob> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::NCLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Clob => return Nclob::from_raw(self.ctxt(), self.get_lob_unchecked()?),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Nclob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("Nclob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_ref_cursor(&self) -> Result<RefCursor> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Stmt => Ok(RefCursor::from_handle(
                self.conn.clone(),
                DpiStmt::with_add_ref(self.get_stmt_unchecked()?),
                self.query_params.clone(),
            )?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_to_rust_type("RefCursor"),
        }
    }

    //
    // set_TYPE methods
    //

    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets i8 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_i8, i8);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets i16 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_i16, i16);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets i32 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_i32, i32);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets i64 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_i64, i64);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets isize to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_isize, isize);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets u8 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_u8, u8);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets u16 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_u16, u16);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets u32 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_u32, u32);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets u64 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_u64, u64);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets usize to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_usize, usize);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets f32 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_f32, f32);
    define_fn_set_int!(
        /// Sets f64 to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
        /// numeric or string (excluding LOB) types.
        : set_f64, f64);

    /// Sets &str to the SQL value. ...
    pub(crate) fn set_string(&mut self, val: &str) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Int64 => self.set_i64_unchecked(val.parse()?),
            NativeType::UInt64 => self.set_u64_unchecked(val.parse()?),
            NativeType::Float => self.set_f32_unchecked(val.parse()?),
            NativeType::Double => self.set_f64_unchecked(val.parse()?),
            NativeType::Char => self.set_string_unchecked(val),
            NativeType::Number => {
                check_number_format(val)?;
                self.set_string_unchecked(val)
            }
            NativeType::Raw => self.set_raw_unchecked(&parse_str_into_raw(val)?),
            NativeType::Timestamp => self.set_timestamp_unchecked(&val.parse()?),
            NativeType::IntervalDS => self.set_interval_ds_unchecked(&val.parse()?),
            NativeType::IntervalYM => self.set_interval_ym_unchecked(&val.parse()?),
            NativeType::Clob => self.set_string_to_clob_unchecked(val),
            NativeType::Blob => self.set_raw_to_blob_unchecked(&parse_str_into_raw(val)?),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("&str"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets &[u8] to the SQL value. ...
    pub(crate) fn set_bytes(&mut self, val: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Raw => self.set_raw_unchecked(val),
            NativeType::Blob => self.set_raw_to_blob_unchecked(val),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("&[u8]"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets Timestamp to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
    /// `DATE`, `TIMESTAMP`, or `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`.
    pub(crate) fn set_timestamp(&mut self, val: &Timestamp) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Timestamp => self.set_timestamp_unchecked(val),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Timestamp"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets IntervalDS to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
    /// `INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND`.
    pub(crate) fn set_interval_ds(&mut self, val: &IntervalDS) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::IntervalDS => self.set_interval_ds_unchecked(val),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("IntervalDS"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets IntervalYM to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
    /// `INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH`.
    pub(crate) fn set_interval_ym(&mut self, val: &IntervalYM) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::IntervalYM => self.set_interval_ym_unchecked(val),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("IntervalYM"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets Object to the Sql Value
    pub(crate) fn set_object(&mut self, val: &Object) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Object(_) => self.set_object_unchecked(&val.handle),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Object"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets Collection to the Sql Value
    pub(crate) fn set_collection(&mut self, val: &Collection) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Object(_) => self.set_object_unchecked(&val.handle),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Collection"),
        }
    }

    /// Sets boolean to the SQL value. The Oracle type must be
    /// `BOOLEAN`(PL/SQL only).
    pub(crate) fn set_bool(&mut self, val: &bool) -> Result<()> {
        match self.native_type {
            NativeType::Boolean => self.set_bool_unchecked(*val),
            _ => self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("bool"),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_bfile(&mut self, val: &Bfile) -> Result<()> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::BFILE) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Blob => return self.set_lob_unchecked(val.lob.handle),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Bfile"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Bfile")
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_blob(&mut self, val: &Blob) -> Result<()> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::BLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Blob => return self.set_lob_unchecked(val.lob.handle),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Blob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Blob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_clob(&mut self, val: &Clob) -> Result<()> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::CLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Clob => return self.set_lob_unchecked(val.lob.handle),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Clob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Clob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_nclob(&mut self, val: &Nclob) -> Result<()> {
        if self.oratype == Some(OracleType::NCLOB) {
            match self.native_type {
                NativeType::Clob => return self.set_lob_unchecked(val.lob.handle),
                NativeType::Raw => return self.lob_locator_is_not_set("Nclob"),
                _ => (),
            }
        }
        self.invalid_conversion_from_rust_type("Nclob")
    }

    pub(crate) fn clone_with_narrow_lifetime(&self) -> Result<SqlValue> {
        Ok(SqlValue {
            conn: self.conn.clone(),
            data: DpiData::Data(self.data()?),
            native_type: self.native_type.clone(),
            oratype: self.oratype.clone(),
            array_size: self.array_size,
            buffer_row_index: BufferRowIndex::Owned(0),
            keep_bytes: Vec::new(),
            keep_dpiobj: DpiObject::null(),
            lob_bind_type: self.lob_bind_type,
            query_params: self.query_params.clone(),
        })
    }
}

impl AssertSend for SqlValue<'_> {}

impl fmt::Display for SqlValue<'_> {
    /// Formats any SQL value to string using the given formatter.
    /// Note that both a null value and a string `NULL` are formatted
    /// as `NULL`.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        if self.oratype.is_some() {
            match self.to_string() {
                Ok(s) => write!(f, "{}", s),
                Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NullValue => write!(f, "NULL"),
                Err(err) => write!(f, "{}", err),
            }
        } else {
            write!(f, "uninitialized SQL value")
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for SqlValue<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(ref oratype) = self.oratype {
            write!(f, "SqlValue {{ val: ")?;
            match self.to_string() {
                Ok(s) => match self.native_type {
                    NativeType::Char | NativeType::Raw | NativeType::Clob | NativeType::Blob => {
                        write!(f, "{:?}", s)
                    }
                    _ => write!(f, "{}", s),
                },
                Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NullValue => write!(f, "NULL"),
                Err(err) => write!(f, "{}", err),
            }?;
            write!(
                f,
                ", type: {}, idx/size: {}/{})",
                oratype,
                self.buffer_row_index(),
                self.array_size
            )
        } else {
            write!(f, "SqlValue {{ uninitialized }}")
        }
    }
}