DOCSP-48381 make specify docs page (mongodb#1037)

* make specify docs page

* fix includes link

* fix link

* fix highlighting and links

* remove passive

* nr feedback

* final edits

* fix typo

* nr feedback

* tech review

* fix wording

* Fix spacing

* spacing change

* Update connection-targets.txt

* Update access-cursor-note.rst

* Update access-cursor-note.rst

Author: shuangela

source/connect/connection-targets.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Choose a Connection Target
    :backlinks: none
    :depth: 2
    :class: singlecol
+   
+.. _node-other-ways-to-connect:
 
 Overview
 --------

source/crud/query/specify-documents-to-return.txt

@@ -23,6 +23,311 @@ Overview
 In this guide, you can learn how to specify which documents to return from a read
 operation by using the following methods:
 
-- ``limit``: Specifies the maximum number of documents to return from a query.
-- ``sort``: Specifies the sort order for the returned documents.
-- ``skip``: Specifies the number of documents to skip before returning query results.
+- ``sort()``: Specifies the sort order for the returned documents.
+- ``limit()``: Specifies the maximum number of documents to return from a query.
+- ``skip()``: Specifies the number of documents to skip before returning query results.
+
+You can use these methods either by chaining them to your read operation or by specifying them in an
+``options`` object in your call to your read operation. 
+
+.. note::
+
+   If you chain ``sort()``, ``limit()``, or ``skip()`` to a read operation, you must
+   specify all methods before iterating the cursor. If you specify a method after
+   iterating the cursor, the method you specified does not apply to the operation. 
+
+Sample Data for Examples
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To run the examples in this guide, use the following code snippet to insert documents
+that describe books into the ``myDB.books`` collection:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   const myDB = client.db("myDB");
+   const myColl = myDB.collection("books");
+
+   await myColl.insertMany([
+     { "_id": 1, "name": "The Brothers Karamazov", "author": "Dostoyevsky", "length": 824 },
+     { "_id": 2, "name": "Les Misérables", "author": "Hugo", "length": 1462 },
+     { "_id": 3, "name": "Atlas Shrugged", "author": "Rand", "length": 1088 },
+     { "_id": 4, "name": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 },
+     { "_id": 5, "name": "Cryptonomicon", "author": "Stephenson", "length": 918 },
+     { "_id": 6, "name": "A Dance With Dragons", "author": "Martin", "length": 1104 },
+   ]);
+
+.. include:: /includes/access-cursor-note.rst
+
+.. _node-fundamentals-sort:
+
+Sort
+----
+
+Use the ``sort()`` method to change the order in which read operations return
+documents. This method tells MongoDB to order returned documents by the
+values of one or more fields in a certain direction. To sort returned
+documents by a field in ascending (lowest first) order, use a value of
+``1``. To sort in descending (greatest first) order instead, use ``-1``.
+If you do not specify a sort, MongoDB does not guarantee the order of
+query results.
+
+The following example passes the sort document to a read operation to ensure that the
+operation returns books with longer lengths before books with shorter
+lengths:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+   :emphasize-lines: 4
+
+   // define an empty query document
+   const query = {};
+   // sort in descending (-1) order by length
+   const sort = { length: -1 };
+   const cursor = myColl.find(query).sort(sort);
+   for await (const doc of cursor) {
+     console.dir(doc);
+   }
+
+In this case, the number ``-1`` tells the read operation to sort the
+books in descending order by length. ``find()`` returns the following
+documents when this sort is used with an empty query:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+   :copyable: false
+
+   { "_id": 2, "title": "Les Misérables", "author": "Hugo", "length": 1462 }
+   { "_id": 4, "title": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 }
+   { "_id": 6, "title": "A Dance with Dragons", "author": "Martin", "length": 1104 }
+   { "_id": 3, "title": "Atlas Shrugged", "author": "Rand", "length": 1088 }
+   { "_id": 5, "title": "Cryptonomicon", "author": "Stephenson", "length": 918 }
+   { "_id": 1, "title": "The Brothers Karamazov", "author": "Dostoyevsky", "length": 824 }
+
+Sometimes, the order of two or more documents is ambiguous using a specified sort. In the
+preceding example, the documents that have ``title`` values of ``"A Dance with Dragons"`` and
+``"Infinite Jest"`` both have a ``length`` of ``1104``, so the order in which they are
+returned is not guaranteed. To resolve ties in your sorted results in a repeatable way,
+add more fields to the sort document:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+   :emphasize-lines: 4
+
+   // define an empty query document
+   const query = {};
+   // sort in ascending (1) order by length
+   const sort = { length: 1, author: 1 };
+   const cursor = myColl.find(query).sort(sort);
+   for await (const doc of cursor) {
+     console.dir(doc);
+   }
+
+With the addition of the ``author`` field to the sort document, the read operation sorts
+matching documents first by ``length`` then, if there is a tie, by ``author``. Matched
+document fields are compared in the same order as fields are specified in the sort
+document. ``find()`` returns the following ordering of documents when this sort is used on
+the documents matching the query:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+   :copyable: false
+
+   { "_id": 1, "title": "The Brothers Karamazov", "author": "Dostoyevsky", "length": 824 }
+   { "_id": 5, "title": "Cryptonomicon", "author": "Stephenson", "length": 918 }
+   { "_id": 3, "title": "Atlas Shrugged", "author": "Rand", "length": 1088 }
+   { "_id": 6, "title": "A Dance with Dragons", "author": "Martin", "length": 1104 }
+   { "_id": 4, "title": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 }
+   { "_id": 2, "title": "Les Misérables", "author": "Hugo", "length": 1462 }
+
+.. _node-fundamentals-limit:
+
+Limit
+-----
+
+Use the ``limit()`` method to cap the number of documents that can be returned from a read
+operation. This method specifies the maximum number of documents that the operation can
+return, but the operation can return a smaller number of documents if there are not enough
+documents present to reach the limit. If ``limit()`` is used with the :ref:`skip()
+<node-fundamentals-skip>` method, the skip applies first and the limit only applies to the
+documents left over after the skip.
+
+This example performs the following actions:
+
+- Uses an empty query filter to match all documents in the collection
+- Calls the ``sort()`` method to apply a descending sort on the ``length`` field to the results
+- Calls the ``limit()`` method to return only the first ``3`` results
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+   :emphasize-lines: 5
+
+   // define an empty query document
+   const query = {};
+   // sort in descending (-1) order by length
+   const sort = { length: -1 };
+   const limit = 3;
+   const cursor = myColl.find(query).sort(sort).limit(limit);
+   for await (const doc of cursor) {
+     console.dir(doc);
+   }
+
+The code example above outputs the following three documents, sorted by
+length:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+   :copyable: false
+
+   { "_id": 2, "title": "Les Misérables", "author": "Hugo", "length": 1462 }
+   { "_id": 6, "title": "A Dance With Dragons", "author": "Martin", "length": 1104 }
+   { "_id": 4, "title": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 }
+
+.. note::
+
+   The order in which you call ``limit()`` and ``sort()`` does not matter because the
+   driver reorders the calls to apply the sort first. The following two calls are
+   equivalent:
+
+   .. code-block:: javascript
+
+      myColl.find(query).sort({ length: -1 }).limit(3);
+      myColl.find(query).limit(3).sort({ length: -1 });
+
+You can also apply ``sort()`` and ``limit()`` by specifying them in an
+``options`` object in your call to the ``find()`` method. The following two
+calls are equivalent:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   myColl.find(query).sort({ length: -1 }).limit(3);
+   myColl.find(query, { sort: { length: -1 }, limit: 3 });
+
+For more information on the ``options`` settings for the ``find()``
+method, see the
+`API documentation on find() <{+api+}/classes/Collection.html#find>`__.
+
+.. _node-fundamentals-skip:
+
+Skip
+----
+
+Use the ``skip()`` method to omit documents from the beginning of the read operation
+results. You can combine ``skip()`` with
+:ref:`sort() <node-fundamentals-sort>` to omit the top
+(for descending order) or bottom (for ascending order) results for a
+given query. Since the :manual:`order of documents returned
+</reference/method/cursor.sort/#result-ordering>` is not guaranteed in
+the absence of a sort, using ``skip()`` without using ``sort()`` omits
+arbitrary documents.
+
+If the value of ``skip()`` exceeds the number of matched documents for
+a query, then that query returns no documents.
+
+This example queries the collection for the books with the fifth and sixth highest lengths 
+by performing the following actions:
+
+- Uses an empty query filter to match all documents in the collection
+- Calls the ``sort()`` method to apply a descending sort to the ``length`` field, which returns longer books before shorter books
+- Calls the ``skip()`` method to omit the first four matching documents from the result
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // define an empty query document
+   const query = {};
+   const sort = { length: -1 };
+   const skip = 4;
+   const cursor = myColl.find(query).sort(sort).skip(skip);
+   for await (const doc of cursor) {
+     console.dir(doc);
+   }
+
+Since the query skips the first four matching documents, the preceding code snippet prints
+the fifth and sixth highest length documents:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+   :copyable: false
+
+   { "_id": 5, "title": "Cryptonomicon", "author": "Stephenson", "length": 918 }
+   { "_id": 1, "title": "The Brothers Karamazov", "author": "Dostoyevsky", "length": 824 }
+
+You can also apply ``skip()`` and ``sort()`` by specifying them in an
+``options`` object in your call to the ``find()`` method. The following two
+calls are equivalent:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   myColl.find(query).sort({ length: -1 }).skip(4);
+   myColl.find(query, { sort: { length: -1 }, skip: 4});
+
+For more information on the ``options`` settings for the ``find()``
+method, see the
+`API documentation on find() <{+api+}/classes/Collection.html#find>`__.
+
+.. _node-fundamentals-combine-lim-sort-skip:
+
+Combine Limit, Sort, and Skip
+-----------------------------
+
+You can combine the ``limit``, ``sort``, and ``skip`` options in a single
+operation. This allows you to set a maximum number of sorted documents to
+return, skipping a specified number of documents before returning.
+
+The following example returns documents with the ``length`` value of
+``"1104"``. The results are sorted in alphabetical order, skipping the first
+document and includes only the first result:
+
+.. code-block:: javascript
+
+   // define a query to look for length value of 1104
+   const query = {length: "1104"};
+   const options = {
+      // sort in alphabetical (1) order by title
+      sort : { title: 1 },
+      // omit the first document
+      skip : 1,
+      // returns only the first result
+      limit: 1,
+   }
+   const cursor = myColl.find(query, options);
+   for await (const doc of cursor) {
+     console.dir(doc);
+   }
+
+.. code-block:: json
+   :copyable: false
+
+   { "_id": 4, "title": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 }
+
+.. note::
+
+   The order in which you call these methods doesn't change the documents
+   that are returned. The driver automatically reorders the calls to perform the
+   sort and skip operations first, and the limit operation afterward.
+
+You can also limit, sort, and skip results by chaining each method to the ``find`` method.
+The following example specifies the same query as the preceding example:
+
+.. io-code-block::
+
+   .. input:: 
+      :language: javascript
+
+      myColl.find(query).sort({ title: 1 }).skip(1).limit(1);
+
+   .. output::
+      :language: json
+      :visible: false
+      
+      { "_id": 4, "title": "Infinite Jest", "author": "Wallace", "length": 1104 }
+
+Additional Information
+----------------------
+
+For more information about specifying a query, see :ref:`node-query`.
+
+For more information about retrieving documents, see :ref:`node-fundamentals-retrieve-data`.
+
+API Documentation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To learn more about any of the methods discussed in this
+guide, see the following API documentation:
+
+- `find() <{+api+}/classes/Collection.html#find>`__
+- `limit() <{+api+}/classes/FindCursor.html#limit>`__
+- `sort() <{+api+}/classes/FindCursor.html#sort>`__
+- `skip() <{+api+}/classes/FindCursor.html#skip>`__

source/includes/access-cursor-note.rst

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
    Your query operation may return a reference to a
    cursor that contains matching documents. To learn how to
    examine data stored in the cursor, see the
-   :doc:`Cursor Fundamentals page </fundamentals/crud/read-operations/cursor>`.
+   :ref:`Access Data From a Cursor page <node-access-cursor>`.