docs(notes): add stoicism entry

Author: lzwjava

notes/2025-05-03-stoicism-en.md

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+---
+title: Stoicism
+lang: en
+layout: post
+audio: false
+translated: false
+generated: true
+---
+
+Stoicism is an ancient Greek and Roman philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BCE. It teaches that the path to a virtuous and fulfilling life is based on practicing self-control, reason, and emotional resilience. 
+
+Core principles include:
+- **Virtue is the only good**: Wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance are the highest values; external things like wealth or status are indifferent.
+- **Focus on what you can control**: Accept what you cannot change (fate, others' actions) and focus on your own thoughts, actions, and attitudes.
+- **Emotional resilience**: Cultivate inner tranquility by managing desires and reactions, especially through negative visualization (premeditatio malorum) and voluntary discomfort.
+- **Live according to nature**: Align your life with reason and the natural order of the universe.
+
+Key figures include Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. Stoicism emphasizes practical exercises to build character and maintain equanimity in the face of life's challenges. It remains popular today for its actionable advice on personal growth and handling adversity.