diff --git a/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts b/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
index 1e6935ca223fb..3ae36b06d15fe 100644
--- a/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/commandLineParser.ts
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ import {
     NewLineKind,
     Node,
     NodeArray,
-    nodeModuleNameResolver,
+    nodeNextJsonConfigResolver,
     normalizePath,
     normalizeSlashes,
     NumericLiteral,
@@ -3413,7 +3413,7 @@ function getExtendsConfigPath(
         return extendedConfigPath;
     }
     // If the path isn't a rooted or relative path, resolve like a module
-    const resolved = nodeModuleNameResolver(extendedConfig, combinePaths(basePath, "tsconfig.json"), { moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind.Node10 }, host, /*cache*/ undefined, /*projectRefs*/ undefined, /*lookupConfig*/ true);
+    const resolved = nodeNextJsonConfigResolver(extendedConfig, combinePaths(basePath, "tsconfig.json"), host);
     if (resolved.resolvedModule) {
         return resolved.resolvedModule.resolvedFileName;
     }
diff --git a/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts b/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
index 4bf80337bf530..be8573b075db3 100644
--- a/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts
@@ -1629,6 +1629,11 @@ export function nodeModuleNameResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: strin
     return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(NodeResolutionFeatures.None, moduleName, getDirectoryPath(containingFile), compilerOptions, host, cache, extensions, !!isConfigLookup, redirectedReference);
 }
 
+/** @internal */
+export function nodeNextJsonConfigResolver(moduleName: string, containingFile: string, host: ModuleResolutionHost): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
+    return nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(NodeResolutionFeatures.Exports, moduleName, getDirectoryPath(containingFile), { moduleResolution: ModuleResolutionKind.NodeNext }, host, /*cache*/ undefined, Extensions.Json, /*isConfigLookup*/ true, /*redirectedReference*/ undefined);
+}
+
 function nodeModuleNameResolverWorker(features: NodeResolutionFeatures, moduleName: string, containingDirectory: string, compilerOptions: CompilerOptions, host: ModuleResolutionHost, cache: ModuleResolutionCache | undefined, extensions: Extensions, isConfigLookup: boolean, redirectedReference: ResolvedProjectReference | undefined): ResolvedModuleWithFailedLookupLocations {
     const traceEnabled = isTraceEnabled(compilerOptions, host);
 
@@ -1868,7 +1873,13 @@ function loadModuleFromFileNoImplicitExtensions(extensions: Extensions, candidat
     }
 }
 
-function loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
+/**
+ * This function is only ever called with paths written in package.json files - never
+ * module specifiers written in source files - and so it always allows the
+
+ * candidate to end with a TS extension (but will also try substituting a JS extension for a TS extension).
+ */
+function loadFileNameFromPackageJsonField(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, onlyRecordFailures: boolean, state: ModuleResolutionState): PathAndExtension | undefined {
     if (extensions & Extensions.TypeScript && fileExtensionIsOneOf(candidate, supportedTSImplementationExtensions) ||
         extensions & Extensions.Declaration && fileExtensionIsOneOf(candidate, supportedDeclarationExtensions)
     ) {
@@ -1876,6 +1887,11 @@ function loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions: Extensions, candidate: string, only
         return result !== undefined ? { path: candidate, ext: tryExtractTSExtension(candidate) as Extension, resolvedUsingTsExtension: undefined } : undefined;
     }
 
+    if (state.isConfigLookup && extensions === Extensions.Json && fileExtensionIs(candidate, Extension.Json)) {
+        const result = tryFile(candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
+        return result !== undefined ? { path: candidate, ext: Extension.Json, resolvedUsingTsExtension: undefined } : undefined;
+    }
+
     return loadModuleFromFileNoImplicitExtensions(extensions, candidate, onlyRecordFailures, state);
 }
 
@@ -2058,7 +2074,7 @@ function loadEntrypointsFromExportMap(
             }
             const resolvedTarget = combinePaths(scope.packageDirectory, target);
             const finalPath = getNormalizedAbsolutePath(resolvedTarget, state.host.getCurrentDirectory?.());
-            const result = loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, finalPath, /*recordOnlyFailures*/ false, state);
+            const result = loadFileNameFromPackageJsonField(extensions, finalPath, /*recordOnlyFailures*/ false, state);
             if (result) {
                 entrypoints = appendIfUnique(entrypoints, result, (a, b) => a.path === b.path);
                 return true;
@@ -2488,7 +2504,7 @@ function getLoadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(extensions: Extensions, state: Mo
             const finalPath = toAbsolutePath(pattern ? resolvedTarget.replace(/\*/g, subpath) : resolvedTarget + subpath);
             const inputLink = tryLoadInputFileForPath(finalPath, subpath, combinePaths(scope.packageDirectory, "package.json"), isImports);
             if (inputLink) return inputLink;
-            return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, finalPath, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
+            return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadFileNameFromPackageJsonField(extensions, finalPath, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
         }
         else if (typeof target === "object" && target !== null) { // eslint-disable-line no-null/no-null
             if (!Array.isArray(target)) {
@@ -2632,7 +2648,7 @@ function getLoadModuleFromTargetImportOrExport(extensions: Extensions, state: Mo
                                         if (!extensionIsOk(extensions, possibleExt)) continue;
                                         const possibleInputWithInputExtension = changeAnyExtension(possibleInputBase, possibleExt, ext, !useCaseSensitiveFileNames());
                                         if (state.host.fileExists(possibleInputWithInputExtension)) {
-                                            return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadJSOrExactTSFileName(extensions, possibleInputWithInputExtension, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
+                                            return toSearchResult(withPackageId(scope, loadFileNameFromPackageJsonField(extensions, possibleInputWithInputExtension, /*onlyRecordFailures*/ false, state)));
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
diff --git a/src/testRunner/unittests/config/configurationExtension.ts b/src/testRunner/unittests/config/configurationExtension.ts
index 8677621a6e514..e4b3e598da75f 100644
--- a/src/testRunner/unittests/config/configurationExtension.ts
+++ b/src/testRunner/unittests/config/configurationExtension.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@ function createFileSystem(ignoreCase: boolean, cwd: string, root: string) {
         cwd,
         files: {
             [root]: {
+                "dev/node_modules/@foo/tsconfig/package.json": JSON.stringify({
+                    name: "@foo/tsconfig",
+                    version: "1.0.0",
+                    exports: {
+                        ".": "./src/tsconfig.json"
+                    }
+                }),
+                "dev/node_modules/@foo/tsconfig/src/tsconfig.json": JSON.stringify({
+                    compilerOptions: {
+                        strict: true,
+                    }
+                }),
+                "dev/tsconfig.extendsFoo.json": JSON.stringify({
+                    extends: "@foo/tsconfig",
+                    files: [
+                        "main.ts",
+                    ]
+                }),
                 "dev/node_modules/config-box/package.json": JSON.stringify({
                     name: "config-box",
                     version: "1.0.0",
@@ -376,6 +394,7 @@ describe("unittests:: config:: configurationExtension", () => {
                 testSuccess("can lookup via an implicit tsconfig in a package-relative directory", "tsconfig.extendsBoxImpliedUnstrict.json", { strict: false }, [ts.combinePaths(basePath, "main.ts")]);
                 testSuccess("can lookup via an implicit tsconfig in a package-relative directory with name", "tsconfig.extendsBoxImpliedUnstrictExtension.json", { strict: false }, [ts.combinePaths(basePath, "main.ts")]);
                 testSuccess("can lookup via an implicit tsconfig in a package-relative directory with extension", "tsconfig.extendsBoxImpliedPath.json", { strict: true }, [ts.combinePaths(basePath, "main.ts")]);
+                testSuccess("can lookup via an package.json exports", "tsconfig.extendsFoo.json", { strict: true }, [ts.combinePaths(basePath, "main.ts")]);
             });
 
             it("adds extendedSourceFiles only once", () => {