initial draft of project charter [ci skip]; closes #4087

PR: #4088

Author: boneskull

PROJECT_CHARTER.md

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+# Mocha Charter
+
+This project charter serves as a statement of scope and objectives for the **Mocha** project.
+
+## §1: Guiding Principles
+
+The **Mocha** project is part of the [OpenJS Foundation], which operates transparently, openly, collaboratively, and ethically. Project proposals, timelines, and status must not merely be open, but also easily visible to outsiders.
+
+## §2: Scope
+
+**Mocha** is a unopinionated, _general-purpose testing framework_ for the JavaScript community. **Mocha** favors flexibility over rigidity, stability over disruption, and deliberation over agility. **Mocha** aims to do one thing, and do it well. **Mocha** will strive to evolve with the needs of the community, but will make every effort not to abandon its current users in doing so.
+
+### §2.1: In-Scope
+
+- APIs ("interfaces") to write and organize tests written in JavaScript or compile-to-JavaScript languages
+- Command-line executable to run tests in a Node.js-based terminal environment
+- API to run tests in a browser environment
+- Output test results and errors (provide "reporters") to:
+  - Terminal
+  - File
+  - Browser
+  - Memory
+- APIs to extend functionality
+- File-based and code-based configuration
+- Internal test coverage for all of the above
+- Documentation including (but not limited to):
+  - Website ([https://mochajs.org](https://mochajs.org)) contents and design
+  - Test-writing and test-organizing APIs
+  - Reporters
+  - [Extensible APIs](https://mochajs.org/api)
+  - Tutorials and [code samples](https://github.com/mochajs/mocha-examples)
+  - Command-line execution and options
+  - Browser-based execution and options
+  - [Project administration](https://github.com/mochajs/admin)
+  - [Contribution guide](https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+- General support for multiple levels of tests, including (but not limited to):
+  - Unit tests
+  - Integration tests
+  - Functional/end-to-end tests
+  - Operational readiness tests
+- Tool configuration for project tests, build, documentation or website deployment
+- Bespoke tools, if needed
+- LTS (long-term support) policies, processes, and release cadence
+- Third-party service integrations (e.g., bots, CI servers, SCM)
+- Project-endorsed spaces for collaboration (chat rooms, mailing lists, forums, etc.)
+- Project-maintained social media, if any
+
+### §2.2: Out-of-Scope
+
+- [Test assertions](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_assertion) and [mocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock_object) or related
+- Compatibility with other 3rd-party libraries not hosted under GitHub's [mochajs organization](https://github.com/mochajs) unless explicitly stated in [§2: Scope](#%c2%a72-scope)
+  - Note: _existence of "official" code samples does not imply explicit support_
+  - Efforts must be made to retain compatibility with popular libraries, frameworks and tools, but not at the expense of Mocha itself
+- Use within _unmaintained_ versions of Node.js
+- Use within browsers not meeting a threshold decided upon by maintainers
+- Use within non-Node.js or non-browser environments, unless otherwise explicitly stated in [§2: Scope](#%c2%a72-scope)
+- "Unofficial" collaboration or Q&A spaces (including Stack Overflow and Quora)
+- Certain classes of contributions:
+  - Bug fixes or enhancements without associated test coverage
+  - Features having limited general-purpose use (as determined by maintainers)
+  - Bug fixes which "break" more users than are affected by the bug itself, _regardless_ of "correctness"
+  - Breaking changes to API without demonstrated need, especially those which would cause correct, currently-passing tests to fail
+  - Changes that significantly negatively impact performance without demonstrated need
+  - Code reviews, issue comments or pull requests which are dogmatic, demanding, or excessively critical as to discourage contributions by others
+  - Those which violate Mocha's [Code of Conduct]
+
+## §3: Relationship with OpenJS Foundation CPC
+
+Technical leadership for the projects within the [OpenJS Foundation] is delegated to the projects through their project charters by the [OpenJS Foundation Cross-Project Council](https://openjsf.org/about/governance/) (CPC). In the case of the Mocha project, it is delegated exclusively to the maintainers of Mocha. The OpenJS Foundation's business leadership is the Board of Directors.
+
+Changes to the following **cannot** unilaterally be applied by project leadership, and must be ratified by the CPC:
+
+- Mocha's Project Charter (this document)
+- Mocha's [Code of Conduct]
+- Mocha's licenses: [MIT](https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/blob/master/LICENSE) (for code) and [CC-BY-4.0](https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/blob/master/docs/LICENSE-CC-BY-4.0) (for documentation/website)
+
+### §3.1: Other Formal Project Relationships
+
+Section Intentionally Left Blank
+
+## §4: Mocha's Governing Body
+
+Mocha is governed by its maintainers. See [MAINTAINERS.md] for more information.
+
+## §5: Roles & Responsibilities
+
+The roles and responsibilities of Mocha's maintainers are described in [MAINTAINERS.md].
+
+### §5.1: Project Operations & Management
+
+Project operations and processes are described in [MAINTAINERS.md].
+
+### §5.2: Decision-making, Voting, and/or Elections
+
+Mocha uses a loose consensus-seeking process, described in [MAINTAINERS.md].
+
+### §5.3: Other Project Roles
+
+Section Intentionally Left Blank
+
+## §6: Definitions
+
+Section Intentionally Left Blank
+
+[openjs foundation]: https://openjsf.org
+[maintainers.md]: https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/blob/master/MAINTAINERS.md
+[code of conduct]: https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/blob/master/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md