streamableHttp.ts

import { Transport } from "../shared/transport.js";
import { isJSONRPCNotification, JSONRPCMessage, JSONRPCMessageSchema } from "../types.js";
import { auth, AuthResult, OAuthClientProvider, UnauthorizedError } from "./auth.js";
import { EventSourceParserStream } from "eventsource-parser/stream";

export class StreamableHTTPError extends Error {
  constructor(
    public readonly code: number | undefined,
    message: string | undefined,
  ) {
    super(`Streamable HTTP error: ${message}`);
  }
}

/**
 * Configuration options for the `StreamableHTTPClientTransport`.
 */
export type StreamableHTTPClientTransportOptions = {
  /**
   * An OAuth client provider to use for authentication.
   *
   * When an `authProvider` is specified and the connection is started:
   * 1. The connection is attempted with any existing access token from the `authProvider`.
   * 2. If the access token has expired, the `authProvider` is used to refresh the token.
   * 3. If token refresh fails or no access token exists, and auth is required, `OAuthClientProvider.redirectToAuthorization` is called, and an `UnauthorizedError` will be thrown from `connect`/`start`.
   *
   * After the user has finished authorizing via their user agent, and is redirected back to the MCP client application, call `StreamableHTTPClientTransport.finishAuth` with the authorization code before retrying the connection.
   *
   * If an `authProvider` is not provided, and auth is required, an `UnauthorizedError` will be thrown.
   *
   * `UnauthorizedError` might also be thrown when sending any message over the transport, indicating that the session has expired, and needs to be re-authed and reconnected.
   */
  authProvider?: OAuthClientProvider;

  /**
   * Customizes HTTP requests to the server.
   */
  requestInit?: RequestInit;
};

/**
 * Client transport for Streamable HTTP: this implements the MCP Streamable HTTP transport specification.
 * It will connect to a server using HTTP POST for sending messages and HTTP GET with Server-Sent Events
 * for receiving messages.
 */
export class StreamableHTTPClientTransport implements Transport {
  private _abortController?: AbortController;
  private _url: URL;
  private _requestInit?: RequestInit;
  private _authProvider?: OAuthClientProvider;
  private _sessionId?: string;
  private _lastEventId?: string;

  onclose?: () => void;
  onerror?: (error: Error) => void;
  onmessage?: (message: JSONRPCMessage) => void;

  constructor(
    url: URL,
    opts?: StreamableHTTPClientTransportOptions,
  ) {
    this._url = url;
    this._requestInit = opts?.requestInit;
    this._authProvider = opts?.authProvider;
  }

  private async _authThenStart(): Promise<void> {
    if (!this._authProvider) {
      throw new UnauthorizedError("No auth provider");
    }

    let result: AuthResult;
    try {
      result = await auth(this._authProvider, { serverUrl: this._url });
    } catch (error) {
      this.onerror?.(error as Error);
      throw error;
    }

    if (result !== "AUTHORIZED") {
      throw new UnauthorizedError();
    }

    return await this._startOrAuthStandaloneSSE();
  }

  private async _commonHeaders(): Promise<Headers> {
    const headers: HeadersInit = {};
    if (this._authProvider) {
      const tokens = await this._authProvider.tokens();
      if (tokens) {
        headers["Authorization"] = `Bearer ${tokens.access_token}`;
      }
    }

    if (this._sessionId) {
      headers["mcp-session-id"] = this._sessionId;
    }

    return new Headers(
      { ...headers, ...this._requestInit?.headers }
    );
  }

  private async _startOrAuthStandaloneSSE(): Promise<void> {
    try {
      // Try to open an initial SSE stream with GET to listen for server messages
      // This is optional according to the spec - server may not support it
      const headers = await this._commonHeaders();
      headers.set("Accept", "text/event-stream");

      // Include Last-Event-ID header for resumable streams
      if (this._lastEventId) {
        headers.set("last-event-id", this._lastEventId);
      }

      const response = await fetch(this._url, {
        method: "GET",
        headers,
        signal: this._abortController?.signal,
      });

      if (!response.ok) {
        if (response.status === 401 && this._authProvider) {
          // Need to authenticate
          return await this._authThenStart();
        }

        // 405 indicates that the server does not offer an SSE stream at GET endpoint
        // This is an expected case that should not trigger an error
        if (response.status === 405) {
          return;
        }

        throw new StreamableHTTPError(
          response.status,
          `Failed to open SSE stream: ${response.statusText}`,
        );
      }
      // Successful connection, handle the SSE stream as a standalone listener
      this._handleSseStream(response.body);
    } catch (error) {
      this.onerror?.(error as Error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  private _handleSseStream(stream: ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | null): void {
    if (!stream) {
      return;
    }

    const processStream = async () => {
      // Create a pipeline: binary stream -> text decoder -> SSE parser
      const eventStream = stream
        .pipeThrough(new TextDecoderStream())
        .pipeThrough(new EventSourceParserStream());

      for await (const event of eventStream) {
        // Update last event ID if provided
        if (event.id) {
          this._lastEventId = event.id;
        }
        // Handle message events (default event type is undefined per docs)
        // or explicit 'message' event type
        if (!event.event || event.event === "message") {
          try {
            const message = JSONRPCMessageSchema.parse(JSON.parse(event.data));
            this.onmessage?.(message);
          } catch (error) {
            this.onerror?.(error as Error);
          }
        }
      }
    };

    processStream().catch(err => this.onerror?.(err));
  }

  async start() {
    if (this._abortController) {
      throw new Error(
        "StreamableHTTPClientTransport already started! If using Client class, note that connect() calls start() automatically.",
      );
    }

    this._abortController = new AbortController();
  }

  /**
   * Call this method after the user has finished authorizing via their user agent and is redirected back to the MCP client application. This will exchange the authorization code for an access token, enabling the next connection attempt to successfully auth.
   */
  async finishAuth(authorizationCode: string): Promise<void> {
    if (!this._authProvider) {
      throw new UnauthorizedError("No auth provider");
    }

    const result = await auth(this._authProvider, { serverUrl: this._url, authorizationCode });
    if (result !== "AUTHORIZED") {
      throw new UnauthorizedError("Failed to authorize");
    }
  }

  async close(): Promise<void> {
    // Abort any pending requests
    this._abortController?.abort();

    this.onclose?.();
  }

  async send(message: JSONRPCMessage | JSONRPCMessage[]): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const headers = await this._commonHeaders();
      headers.set("content-type", "application/json");
      headers.set("accept", "application/json, text/event-stream");

      const init = {
        ...this._requestInit,
        method: "POST",
        headers,
        body: JSON.stringify(message),
        signal: this._abortController?.signal,
      };

      const response = await fetch(this._url, init);

      // Handle session ID received during initialization
      const sessionId = response.headers.get("mcp-session-id");
      if (sessionId) {
        this._sessionId = sessionId;
      }

      if (!response.ok) {
        if (response.status === 401 && this._authProvider) {
          const result = await auth(this._authProvider, { serverUrl: this._url });
          if (result !== "AUTHORIZED") {
            throw new UnauthorizedError();
          }

          // Purposely _not_ awaited, so we don't call onerror twice
          return this.send(message);
        }

        const text = await response.text().catch(() => null);
        throw new Error(
          `Error POSTing to endpoint (HTTP ${response.status}): ${text}`,
        );
      }

      // If the response is 202 Accepted, there's no body to process
      if (response.status === 202) {
        // if the accepted notification is initialized, we start the SSE stream
        // if it's supported by the server
        if (isJSONRPCNotification(message) && message.method === "notifications/initialized") {
          // We don't need to handle 405 here anymore as it's handled in _startOrAuthStandaloneSSE
          this._startOrAuthStandaloneSSE().catch(err => this.onerror?.(err));
        }
        return;
      }

      // Get original message(s) for detecting request IDs
      const messages = Array.isArray(message) ? message : [message];

      const hasRequests = messages.filter(msg => "method" in msg && "id" in msg && msg.id !== undefined).length > 0;

      // Check the response type
      const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type");

      if (hasRequests) {
        if (contentType?.includes("text/event-stream")) {
          this._handleSseStream(response.body);
        } else if (contentType?.includes("application/json")) {
          // For non-streaming servers, we might get direct JSON responses
          const data = await response.json();
          const responseMessages = Array.isArray(data)
            ? data.map(msg => JSONRPCMessageSchema.parse(msg))
            : [JSONRPCMessageSchema.parse(data)];

          for (const msg of responseMessages) {
            this.onmessage?.(msg);
          }
        } else {
          throw new StreamableHTTPError(
            -1,
            `Unexpected content type: ${contentType}`,
          );
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      this.onerror?.(error as Error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
}