stdio.ts

import { ChildProcess, IOType } from "node:child_process";
import spawn from "cross-spawn";
import process from "node:process";
import { Stream } from "node:stream";
import { ReadBuffer, serializeMessage } from "../shared/stdio.js";
import { Transport } from "../shared/transport.js";
import { JSONRPCMessage } from "../types.js";

export type StdioServerParameters = {
  /**
   * The executable to run to start the server.
   */
  command: string;

  /**
   * Command line arguments to pass to the executable.
   */
  args?: string[];

  /**
   * The environment to use when spawning the process.
   *
   * If not specified, the result of getDefaultEnvironment() will be used.
   */
  env?: Record<string, string>;

  /**
   * How to handle stderr of the child process. This matches the semantics of Node's `child_process.spawn`.
   *
   * The default is "inherit", meaning messages to stderr will be printed to the parent process's stderr.
   */
  stderr?: IOType | Stream | number;

  /**
   * The working directory to use when spawning the process.
   *
   * If not specified, the current working directory will be inherited.
   */
  cwd?: string;
};

/**
 * Environment variables to inherit by default, if an environment is not explicitly given.
 */
export const DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS =
  process.platform === "win32"
    ? [
        "APPDATA",
        "HOMEDRIVE",
        "HOMEPATH",
        "LOCALAPPDATA",
        "PATH",
        "PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE",
        "SYSTEMDRIVE",
        "SYSTEMROOT",
        "TEMP",
        "USERNAME",
        "USERPROFILE",
      ]
    : /* list inspired by the default env inheritance of sudo */
      ["HOME", "LOGNAME", "PATH", "SHELL", "TERM", "USER"];

/**
 * Returns a default environment object including only environment variables deemed safe to inherit.
 */
export function getDefaultEnvironment(): Record<string, string> {
  const env: Record<string, string> = {};

  for (const key of DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS) {
    const value = process.env[key];
    if (value === undefined) {
      continue;
    }

    if (value.startsWith("()")) {
      // Skip functions, which are a security risk.
      continue;
    }

    env[key] = value;
  }

  return env;
}

/**
 * Client transport for stdio: this will connect to a server by spawning a process and communicating with it over stdin/stdout.
 *
 * This transport is only available in Node.js environments.
 */
export class StdioClientTransport implements Transport {
  private _process?: ChildProcess;
  private _abortController: AbortController = new AbortController();
  private _readBuffer: ReadBuffer = new ReadBuffer();
  private _serverParams: StdioServerParameters;

  onclose?: () => void;
  onerror?: (error: Error) => void;
  onmessage?: (message: JSONRPCMessage) => void;

  constructor(server: StdioServerParameters) {
    this._serverParams = server;
  }

  /**
   * Starts the server process and prepares to communicate with it.
   */
  async start(): Promise<void> {
    if (this._process) {
      throw new Error(
        "StdioClientTransport already started! If using Client class, note that connect() calls start() automatically."
      );
    }

    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      this._process = spawn(
        this._serverParams.command,
        this._serverParams.args ?? [],
        {
          env: this._serverParams.env ?? getDefaultEnvironment(),
          stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", this._serverParams.stderr ?? "inherit"],
          shell: false,
          signal: this._abortController.signal,
          windowsHide: process.platform === "win32" && isElectron(),
          cwd: this._serverParams.cwd,
        }
      );

      this._process.on("error", (error) => {
        if (error.name === "AbortError") {
          // Expected when close() is called.
          this.onclose?.();
          return;
        }

        reject(error);
        this.onerror?.(error);
      });

      this._process.on("spawn", () => {
        resolve();
      });

      this._process.on("close", (_code) => {
        this._process = undefined;
        this.onclose?.();
      });

      this._process.stdin?.on("error", (error) => {
        this.onerror?.(error);
      });

      this._process.stdout?.on("data", (chunk) => {
        this._readBuffer.append(chunk);
        this.processReadBuffer();
      });

      this._process.stdout?.on("error", (error) => {
        this.onerror?.(error);
      });
    });
  }

  /**
   * The stderr stream of the child process, if `StdioServerParameters.stderr` was set to "pipe" or "overlapped".
   *
   * This is only available after the process has been started.
   */
  get stderr(): Stream | null {
    return this._process?.stderr ?? null;
  }

  /**
   * The process id of the child process, if it has been started.
   */
  get pid(): number | undefined {
    return this._process?.pid;
  }

  private processReadBuffer() {
    while (true) {
      try {
        const message = this._readBuffer.readMessage();
        if (message === null) {
          break;
        }

        this.onmessage?.(message);
      } catch (error) {
        this.onerror?.(error as Error);
      }
    }
  }

  private gracefullyExitProcess(): void {
    const pid = this.pid;
    
    if (!pid) {
      return;
    }

    // Killing after 3 seconds to ensure the process has time to exit gracefully.
    setTimeout(() => {
      try {
        process.kill(pid, "SIGKILL");

      } catch (err) {
        if (typeof err === "object" && err !== null && "code" in err && err.code === "ESRCH") {
          // Ignoring ESRCH error, which means the process is already dead.
          return;
        }

        console.warn(`Failed to kill process ${pid}: ${err}`);
      }
    }, 3000);

    process.kill(pid, "SIGINT");
  }

  async close(): Promise<void> {
    this._abortController.abort();
    this.gracefullyExitProcess();
    this._process = undefined;
    this._readBuffer.clear();
  }

  send(message: JSONRPCMessage): Promise<void> {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      if (!this._process?.stdin) {
        throw new Error("Not connected");
      }

      const json = serializeMessage(message);
      if (this._process.stdin.write(json)) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        this._process.stdin.once("drain", resolve);
      }
    });
  }
}

function isElectron() {
  return "type" in process;
}