diff --git a/doc/changelog.rst b/doc/changelog.rst
index 8a54c78f27..9e1c65e108 100644
--- a/doc/changelog.rst
+++ b/doc/changelog.rst
@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ Version 3.11 adds support for MongoDB 4.4. Highlights include:
   :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.command` to run the ``reIndex`` command
   instead.
 
+Unavoidable breaking changes:
+
+- :class:`~gridfs.GridFSBucket` and :class:`~gridfs.GridFS` do not support
+  multi-document transactions. Running a GridFS operation in a transaction
+  now always raises the following error:
+  ``InvalidOperation: GridFS does not support multi-document transactions``
+
 .. _validate command: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/validate/
 
 Issues Resolved
diff --git a/gridfs/__init__.py b/gridfs/__init__.py
index 6c56a605e6..f291e8c9ca 100644
--- a/gridfs/__init__.py
+++ b/gridfs/__init__.py
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
                               GridOut,
                               GridOutCursor,
                               DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE,
-                              _clear_entity_type_registry)
+                              _clear_entity_type_registry,
+                              _disallow_transactions)
 from pymongo import (ASCENDING,
                      DESCENDING)
 from pymongo.common import UNAUTHORIZED_CODES, validate_string
@@ -50,6 +51,10 @@ def __init__(self, database, collection="fs", disable_md5=False):
             computed for uploaded files. Useful in environments where MD5
             cannot be used for regulatory or other reasons. Defaults to False.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.11
+           Running a GridFS operation in a transaction now always raises an
+           error. GridFS does not support multi-document transactions.
+
         .. versionchanged:: 3.1
            Indexes are only ensured on the first write to the DB.
 
@@ -68,7 +73,6 @@ def __init__(self, database, collection="fs", disable_md5=False):
             raise ConfigurationError('database must use '
                                      'acknowledged write_concern')
 
-        self.__database = database
         self.__collection = database[collection]
         self.__files = self.__collection.files
         self.__chunks = self.__collection.chunks
@@ -88,8 +92,6 @@ def new_file(self, **kwargs):
         :Parameters:
           - `**kwargs` (optional): keyword arguments for file creation
         """
-        # No need for __ensure_index_files_id() here; GridIn ensures
-        # the (files_id, n) index when needed.
         return GridIn(
             self.__collection, disable_md5=self.__disable_md5, **kwargs)
 
@@ -192,6 +194,7 @@ def get_version(self, filename=None, version=-1, session=None, **kwargs):
         if filename is not None:
             query["filename"] = filename
 
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         cursor = self.__files.find(query, session=session)
         if version < 0:
             skip = abs(version) - 1
@@ -249,6 +252,7 @@ def delete(self, file_id, session=None):
         .. versionchanged:: 3.1
            ``delete`` no longer ensures indexes.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         self.__files.delete_one({"_id": file_id}, session=session)
         self.__chunks.delete_many({"files_id": file_id}, session=session)
 
@@ -266,6 +270,7 @@ def list(self, session=None):
         .. versionchanged:: 3.1
            ``list`` no longer ensures indexes.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         # With an index, distinct includes documents with no filename
         # as None.
         return [
@@ -299,6 +304,7 @@ def find_one(self, filter=None, session=None, *args, **kwargs):
         if filter is not None and not isinstance(filter, abc.Mapping):
             filter = {"_id": filter}
 
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         for f in self.find(filter, *args, session=session, **kwargs):
             return f
 
@@ -403,6 +409,7 @@ def exists(self, document_or_id=None, session=None, **kwargs):
         .. versionchanged:: 3.6
            Added ``session`` parameter.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         if kwargs:
             f = self.__files.find_one(kwargs, ["_id"], session=session)
         else:
@@ -439,6 +446,10 @@ def __init__(self, db, bucket_name="fs",
             computed for uploaded files. Useful in environments where MD5
             cannot be used for regulatory or other reasons. Defaults to False.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.11
+           Running a GridFS operation in a transaction now always raises an
+           error. GridFSBucket does not support multi-document transactions.
+
         .. versionadded:: 3.1
 
         .. mongodoc:: gridfs
@@ -452,7 +463,6 @@ def __init__(self, db, bucket_name="fs",
         if not wtc.acknowledged:
             raise ConfigurationError('write concern must be acknowledged')
 
-        self._db = db
         self._bucket_name = bucket_name
         self._collection = db[bucket_name]
         self._disable_md5 = disable_md5
@@ -746,6 +756,7 @@ def delete(self, file_id, session=None):
         .. versionchanged:: 3.6
            Added ``session`` parameter.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         res = self._files.delete_one({"_id": file_id}, session=session)
         self._chunks.delete_many({"files_id": file_id}, session=session)
         if not res.deleted_count:
@@ -839,9 +850,8 @@ def open_download_stream_by_name(self, filename, revision=-1, session=None):
            Added ``session`` parameter.
         """
         validate_string("filename", filename)
-
         query = {"filename": filename}
-
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         cursor = self._files.find(query, session=session)
         if revision < 0:
             skip = abs(revision) - 1
@@ -922,6 +932,7 @@ def rename(self, file_id, new_filename, session=None):
         .. versionchanged:: 3.6
            Added ``session`` parameter.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         result = self._files.update_one({"_id": file_id},
                                         {"$set": {"filename": new_filename}},
                                         session=session)
diff --git a/gridfs/grid_file.py b/gridfs/grid_file.py
index 88b71ebb1f..23c629be68 100644
--- a/gridfs/grid_file.py
+++ b/gridfs/grid_file.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 from pymongo.errors import (ConfigurationError,
                             CursorNotFound,
                             DuplicateKeyError,
+                            InvalidOperation,
                             OperationFailure)
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 
@@ -105,6 +106,12 @@ def _clear_entity_type_registry(entity, **kwargs):
     return entity.with_options(codec_options=codecopts, **kwargs)
 
 
+def _disallow_transactions(session):
+    if session and session.in_transaction:
+        raise InvalidOperation(
+            'GridFS does not support multi-document transactions')
+
+
 class GridIn(object):
     """Class to write data to GridFS.
     """
@@ -168,6 +175,7 @@ def __init__(
         if not root_collection.write_concern.acknowledged:
             raise ConfigurationError('root_collection must use '
                                      'acknowledged write_concern')
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
 
         # Handle alternative naming
         if "content_type" in kwargs:
@@ -207,6 +215,7 @@ def __create_index(self, collection, index_key, unique):
 
     def __ensure_indexes(self):
         if not object.__getattribute__(self, "_ensured_index"):
+            _disallow_transactions(self._session)
             self.__create_index(self._coll.files, _F_INDEX, False)
             self.__create_index(self._coll.chunks, _C_INDEX, True)
             object.__setattr__(self, "_ensured_index", True)
@@ -456,6 +465,7 @@ def __init__(self, root_collection, file_id=None, file_document=None,
         if not isinstance(root_collection, Collection):
             raise TypeError("root_collection must be an "
                             "instance of Collection")
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
 
         root_collection = _clear_entity_type_registry(root_collection)
 
@@ -483,6 +493,7 @@ def __init__(self, root_collection, file_id=None, file_document=None,
 
     def _ensure_file(self):
         if not self._file:
+            _disallow_transactions(self._session)
             self._file = self.__files.find_one({"_id": self.__file_id},
                                                session=self._session)
             if not self._file:
@@ -718,6 +729,7 @@ def _create_cursor(self):
         filter = {"files_id": self._id}
         if self._next_chunk > 0:
             filter["n"] = {"$gte": self._next_chunk}
+        _disallow_transactions(self._session)
         self._cursor = self._chunks.find(filter, sort=[("n", 1)],
                                          session=self._session)
 
@@ -810,6 +822,7 @@ def __init__(self, collection, filter=None, skip=0, limit=0,
 
         .. mongodoc:: cursors
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(session)
         collection = _clear_entity_type_registry(collection)
 
         # Hold on to the base "fs" collection to create GridOut objects later.
@@ -823,6 +836,7 @@ def __init__(self, collection, filter=None, skip=0, limit=0,
     def next(self):
         """Get next GridOut object from cursor.
         """
+        _disallow_transactions(self.session)
         # Work around "super is not iterable" issue in Python 3.x
         next_file = super(GridOutCursor, self).next()
         return GridOut(self.__root_collection, file_document=next_file,
diff --git a/test/test_transactions.py b/test/test_transactions.py
index 85345e2748..a114db6e25 100644
--- a/test/test_transactions.py
+++ b/test/test_transactions.py
@@ -19,16 +19,21 @@
 
 sys.path[0:0] = [""]
 
+from bson.py3compat import StringIO
+
 from pymongo import client_session, WriteConcern
 from pymongo.client_session import TransactionOptions
 from pymongo.errors import (CollectionInvalid,
                             ConfigurationError,
                             ConnectionFailure,
+                            InvalidOperation,
                             OperationFailure)
 from pymongo.operations import IndexModel, InsertOne
 from pymongo.read_concern import ReadConcern
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 
+from gridfs import GridFS, GridFSBucket
+
 from test import unittest, client_context
 from test.utils import (rs_client, single_client,
                         wait_until, OvertCommandListener,
@@ -215,8 +220,7 @@ def test_unpin_for_non_transaction_operation(self):
     @client_context.require_transactions
     @client_context.require_version_min(4, 3, 4)
     def test_create_collection(self):
-        client = rs_client()
-        self.addCleanup(client.close)
+        client = client_context.client
         db = client.pymongo_test
         coll = db.test_create_collection
         self.addCleanup(coll.drop)
@@ -241,6 +245,48 @@ def create_and_insert(session):
                 db.create_collection(coll.name, session=s)
             self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.code, 48)  # NamespaceExists
 
+    @client_context.require_transactions
+    def test_gridfs_does_not_support_transactions(self):
+        client = client_context.client
+        db = client.pymongo_test
+        gfs = GridFS(db)
+        bucket = GridFSBucket(db)
+
+        def gridfs_find(*args, **kwargs):
+            return gfs.find(*args, **kwargs).next()
+
+        def gridfs_open_upload_stream(*args, **kwargs):
+            bucket.open_upload_stream(*args, **kwargs).write(b'1')
+
+        gridfs_ops = [
+            (gfs.put, (b'123',)),
+            (gfs.get, (1,)),
+            (gfs.get_version, ('name',)),
+            (gfs.get_last_version, ('name',)),
+            (gfs.delete, (1, )),
+            (gfs.list, ()),
+            (gfs.find_one, ()),
+            (gridfs_find, ()),
+            (gfs.exists, ()),
+            (gridfs_open_upload_stream, ('name',)),
+            (bucket.upload_from_stream, ('name', b'data',)),
+            (bucket.download_to_stream, (1, StringIO(),)),
+            (bucket.download_to_stream_by_name, ('name', StringIO(),)),
+            (bucket.delete, (1,)),
+            (bucket.find, ()),
+            (bucket.open_download_stream, (1,)),
+            (bucket.open_download_stream_by_name, ('name',)),
+            (bucket.rename, (1, 'new-name',)),
+        ]
+
+        with client.start_session() as s, s.start_transaction():
+            for op, args in gridfs_ops:
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                        InvalidOperation,
+                        'GridFS does not support multi-document transactions',
+                ):
+                    op(*args, session=s)
+
 
 class PatchSessionTimeout(object):
     """Patches the client_session's with_transaction timeout for testing."""