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<!doctype html><html lang=en data-colorscheme=light><head><meta name=description content="Why NumPy? Powerful n-dimensional arrays. Numerical computing tools. Interoperable. Performant. Open source."><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="ie=edge"><title>NumPy - History of NumPy</title>
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When started, the library had little funding, and was written mainly by graduate students—many of them without computer science education, and often without a blessing of their advisors. To even imagine that a small group of “rogue” student programmers could upend the already well-established ecosystem of research software—backed by millions in funding and many hundreds of highly qualified engineers — was preposterous. Yet, the philosophical motivations behind a fully open tool stack, in combination with the excited, friendly community with a singular focus, have proven auspicious in the long run. Nowadays, NumPy is relied upon by scientists, engineers, and many other professionals around the world. For example, the published scripts used in the analysis of gravitational waves import NumPy, and the M87 black hole imaging project directly cites NumPy."></head><body><nav id=nav class=navbar role=navigation aria-label="main navigation"><div class=container><div class=navbar-brand><a class=navbar-item href=/><img class=navbar-logo src=/images/logo.svg alt="%!s(<nil>) logo"><div class=navbar-logo-text>NumPy</div></a><a role=button class=navbar-burger aria-label=menu aria-expanded=false data-target=navbar-menu><span aria-hidden=true></span>
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Yet, the philosophical motivations behind a fully open tool stack, in combination with the excited, friendly community with a singular focus, have proven auspicious in the long run. Nowadays, NumPy is relied upon by scientists, engineers, and many other professionals around the world. For example, the published scripts used in the analysis of gravitational waves import NumPy, and the M87 black hole imaging project directly cites NumPy.</p><p>For the in-depth account on milestones in the development of NumPy and related libraries please see <a href=https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10121>arxiv.org</a>.</p><p>If you’d like to obtain a copy of the original Numeric and Numarray libraries, follow the links below:</p><p><a href=https://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/Old%20Numeric/>Download Page for <em>Numeric</em></a>*</p><p><a href=https://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/Old%20Numarray/>Download Page for <em>Numarray</em></a>*</p><p>*<sub>Please note that these older array packages are no longer maintained, and users are strongly advised to use NumPy for any array-related purposes or refactor any pre-existing code to utilize the NumPy library.</sub></p><h3 id=historic-documentation>Historic Documentation<a class=headerlink href=#historic-documentation title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3><p><a href=static/numeric-manual.pdf>Download <em>`Numeric’</em> Manual</a></p></div></div><div id=shortcuts-container><div id=shortcuts><div id=shortcuts-header><i class="fa-solid fa-list"></i> On this page</div></div></div></section><div id=backtotop><a href=# id=backtotop-color><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up"></i></a></div><footer id=footer><div class=container><div id=footer-columns><div id=footer-logo-column><img id=footer-logo src=/images/logo.svg alt="NumPy logo. 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