docs: add migration guide (#302)

Author: stainless-app[bot]

Diff for: MIGRATION.md

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# OpenAI Go Migration Guide
+
+<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/openai/openai-go"><img src="https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/openai/openai-go.svg" alt="Go Reference"></a>
+
+This SDK includes breaking changes from the previous version to improve the ergonomics of constructing parameters and accessing responses.
+
+# Request parameters
+
+## Required primitives parameters serialize their zero values (`string`, `int64`, etc.)
+
+> [!CAUTION] > **This change can cause new behavior in existing code, without compiler warnings.**
+
+```diff
+type FooParams struct {
+-        Age  param.Field[int64]  `json:"age,required"`
+-        Name param.Field[string] `json:"name"`
++        Age  int64               `json:"age,required"`
++        Name param.Opt[string]   `json:"name,omitzero"`
+}
+```
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+<th>Previous</th>
+<th>New</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+
+```go
+_ = FooParams{
+    Name: openai.String("Jerry")
+}
+`{"name": "Jerry"}` // (after serialization)
+```
+
+</td>
+<td>
+
+```go
+_ = FooParams{
+    Name: openai.String("Jerry")
+}
+`{"name": "Jerry", "age": 0}` // <== Notice the age field
+```
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+The required field `"age"` is now present as `0`. Required primitive fields without the <code>\`json:"...,omitzero"\`</code> struct tag
+are always serialized, including their zero values.
+
+## Transition from `param.Field[T]` to `omitzero`
+
+The new SDK uses <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/json#Marshal"><code>\`json:"...,omitzero"\`</code> semantics</a> from Go 1.24+ for JSON encoding[^1].
+
+`omitzero` is used for structs, slices, maps, string enums, and optional primitive types wrapped in `param.Opt[T]` (e.g. `param.Opt[string]`).
+
+**Fields of a request struct:**
+
+```diff
+type FooParams struct {
+-    RequiredString param.Field[string]   `json:"required_string,required"`
++    RequiredString string                `json:"required_string,required"`
+
+-    OptionalString param.Field[string]   `json:"optional_string"`
++    OptionalString param.Opt[string]     `json:"optional_string,omitzero"`
+
+-    Array param.Field[[]BarParam]        `json"array"`
++    Array []BarParam                     `json"array,omitzero"`
+
+-    Map param.Field[map[string]BarParam] `json"map"`
++    Map map[string]BarParam              `json"map,omitzero"`
+
+-    RequiredObject param.Field[BarParam] `json:"required_object,required"`
++    RequiredObject BarParam              `json:"required_object,omitzero,required"`
+
+-    OptionalObject param.Field[BarParam] `json:"optional_object"`
++    OptionalObject BarParam              `json:"optional_object,omitzero"`
+
+-    StringEnum     param.Field[BazEnum]  `json:"string_enum"`
++    StringEnum     BazEnum               `json:"string_enum,omitzero"`
+}
+```
+
+**Previous vs New SDK: Constructing a request**
+
+```diff
+foo = FooParams{
+-    RequiredString: openai.String("hello"),
++    RequiredString: "hello",
+
+-    OptionalString: openai.String("hi"),
++    OptionalString: openai.String("hi"),
+
+-    Array: openai.F([]BarParam{
+-        BarParam{Prop: ... }
+-    }),
++    Array: []BarParam{
++        BarParam{Prop: ... }
++    },
+
+-    RequiredObject: openai.F(BarParam{ ... }),
++    RequiredObject: BarParam{ ... },
+
+-    OptionalObject: openai.F(BarParam{ ... }),
++    OptionalObject: BarParam{ ... },
+
+-    StringEnum: openai.F[BazEnum]("baz-ok"),
++    StringEnum: "baz-ok",
+}
+```
+
+`param.Opt[string]` can be constructed with `openai.String(string)`. Similar functions exist for other primitive
+types like `openai.Int(int)`, `openai.Bool(bool)`, etc.
+
+## Request Unions: Removing interfaces and moving to structs
+
+For a type `AnimalUnionParam` which could be either a `string | CatParam | DogParam`.
+
+<table>
+<tr><th>Previous</th> <th>New</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+
+```go
+type AnimalParam interface {
+	ImplAnimalParam()
+}
+
+func (Dog)         ImplAnimalParam() {}
+func (Cat)         ImplAnimalParam() {}
+```
+
+</td>
+<td>
+
+```go
+type AnimalUnionParam struct {
+	OfCat 	 *Cat              `json:",omitzero,inline`
+	OfDog    *Dog              `json:",omitzero,inline`
+}
+```
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr style="background:rgb(209, 217, 224)">
+<td>
+
+```go
+var dog AnimalParam = DogParam{
+	Name: "spot", ...
+}
+var cat AnimalParam = CatParam{
+	Name: "whiskers", ...
+}
+```
+
+</td>
+<td>
+
+```go
+dog := AnimalUnionParam{
+	OfDog: &DogParam{Name: "spot", ... },
+}
+cat := AnimalUnionParam{
+	OfCat: &CatParam{Name: "whiskers", ... },
+}
+```
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>
+
+```go
+var name string
+switch v := animal.(type) {
+case Dog:
+	name = v.Name
+case Cat:
+	name = v.Name
+}
+```
+
+</td>
+<td>
+
+```go
+// Accessing fields
+var name *string = animal.GetName()
+```
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+## Sending explicit `null` values
+
+The old SDK had a function `param.Null[T]()` which could set `param.Field[T]` to `null`.
+
+The new SDK uses `param.NullOpt[T]()` for to set a `param.Opt[T]` to `null`,
+and `param.NullObj[T]()` to set a param struct `T` to `null`.
+
+```diff
+- var nullObj param.Field[BarParam] = param.Null[BarParam]()
++ var nullObj BarParam              = param.NullObj[BarParam]()
+
+- var nullPrimitive param.Field[int64] = param.Null[int64]()
++ var nullPrimitive param.Opt[int64]   = param.NullOpt[int64]()
+```
+
+## Sending custom values
+
+The `openai.Raw[T](any)` function has been removed. All request structs now support a
+`.WithExtraField(map[string]any)` method to customize the fields.
+
+```diff
+foo := FooParams{
+     A: param.String("hello"),
+-    B: param.Raw[string](12) // sending `12` instead of a string
+}
++ foo.WithExtraFields(map[string]any{
++    "B": 12,
++ })
+```
+
+# Response Properties
+
+## Checking for presence of optional fields
+
+The `.IsNull()` method has been changed to `.IsPresent()` to better reflect its behavior.
+
+```diff
+- if !resp.Foo.JSON.Bar.IsNull() {
++ if resp.Foo.JSON.Bar.IsPresent() {
+     println("bar is present:", resp.Foo.Bar)
+  }
+```
+
+| Previous       | New                 | Returns true for values |
+| -------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------- |
+| `.IsNull()`    | `!.IsPresent()`     | `null` or Omitted       |
+| `.IsMissing()` | `.Raw() == ""`      | Omitted                 |
+| `.Invalid()`   | `.IsExplicitNull()` | `null`                  |
+
+[^1]: The SDK doesn't require Go 1.24, despite supporting the `omitzero` feature