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Test disk speed
This guide will show you how to test the number of input/output operations per second (IOPS) that your disks are able to achieve, whether for instances or additional disks.
2024-11-18

Objective

You'll probably be called upon to check the speed of your disks when you carry out your tests. Whether you want to compare the performance of different disks or just check if they are satisfactory.

This guide will show you how to test the number of input/output operations per second (IOPS) that your disks are able to achieve, whether for instances or additional disks.

Requirements

  • A Public Cloud Instance in your OVHcloud account
  • Administrative (sudo) access to your instance via SSH (Linux) or RDP (Windows).

Instructions

Install the test command

The command that you need to test your disk speed is called fio, and is not installed on your server by default.

To install fio, establish an SSH connection to your Instance and then run the following command:

apt install fio

Test your disk speed

To test your disk speed, run the following command:

fio --name=rand-write --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32 --rw=randwrite --invalidate=1 --bsrange=4k:4k,4k:4k --size=512m --runtime=120 --time_based --do_verify=1 --direct=1 --group_reporting --numjobs=1

[!primary]

Please note that you will need to modify the --numjobs argument to reflect the number of CPUs that your instance has.

You can retrieve a list of arguments and their functions directly from the fio guide.

Analyse the data

Once the test is finished, you will get a result similar to the following:

fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=156MiB/s][w=40.0k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand-write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2974: Sat Nov 16 03:21:07 2024
  write: IOPS=40.0k, BW=156MiB/s (164MB/s)(18.3GiB/120001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=2, max=812, avg= 4.65, stdev= 1.89
    clat (usec): min=53, max=12487, avg=794.13, stdev=75.55
     lat (usec): min=58, max=12492, avg=798.78, stdev=75.53
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  742],  5.00th=[  775], 10.00th=[  783], 20.00th=[  783],
     | 30.00th=[  791], 40.00th=[  791], 50.00th=[  799], 60.00th=[  799],
     | 70.00th=[  799], 80.00th=[  807], 90.00th=[  807], 95.00th=[  816],
     | 99.00th=[  840], 99.50th=[  857], 99.90th=[ 1037], 99.95th=[ 1434],
     | 99.99th=[ 4883]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=159904, max=191976, per=100.00%, avg=160265.41, stdev=2060.10, samples=239
   iops        : min=39976, max=47994, avg=40066.36, stdev=515.02, samples=239
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.01%, 250=0.07%, 500=0.30%, 750=0.94%, 1000=98.56%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.10%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=7.37%, sys=20.48%, ctx=4614084, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=100.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,4803938,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=156MiB/s (164MB/s), 156MiB/s-156MiB/s (164MB/s-164MB/s), io=18.3GiB (19.7GB), run=120001-120001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=0/4799786, merge=0/29, ticks=0/3797382, in_queue=3797385, util=74.39%

The line we are interested in is the fifth, which contains the IOPS:

write: IOPS=40.0k, BW=156MiB/s (164MB/s)(18.3GiB/120001msec); 0 zone resets

We can see that the performance of the main disk is around 40.0k IOPS.

Additional disk

To test the speed of an additional disk, you will need to mount the disk with the following command:

root@server:~$ cd /mnt/disk

Analyse the data

The IOPS value will depend on the type of additional disk you use. In the example below, we ran the test on a High speed volume:

fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=11.9MiB/s][w=3054 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand-write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2946: Sat Nov 16 03:13:20 2024
  write: IOPS=3052, BW=11.9MiB/s (12.5MB/s)(1431MiB/120011msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=2, max=8119, avg= 6.14, stdev=53.35
    clat (usec): min=114, max=20721, avg=10477.33, stdev=587.51
     lat (usec): min=117, max=20724, avg=10483.47, stdev=584.33
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[ 9634],  5.00th=[10028], 10.00th=[10028], 20.00th=[10159],
     | 30.00th=[10159], 40.00th=[10290], 50.00th=[10290], 60.00th=[10421],
     | 70.00th=[10552], 80.00th=[11076], 90.00th=[11207], 95.00th=[11338],
     | 99.00th=[11469], 99.50th=[11469], 99.90th=[12780], 99.95th=[14877],
     | 99.99th=[17433]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=12160, max=14648, per=100.00%, avg=12217.46, stdev=158.45, samples=239
   iops        : min= 3040, max= 3662, avg=3054.36, stdev=39.61, samples=239
  lat (usec)   : 250=0.01%, 500=0.04%, 750=0.03%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=5.06%, 20=94.84%, 50=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.70%, sys=1.82%, ctx=143740, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=100.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,366290,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=11.9MiB/s (12.5MB/s), 11.9MiB/s-11.9MiB/s (12.5MB/s-12.5MB/s), io=1431MiB (1500MB), run=120011-120011msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sdb: ios=0/365996, merge=0/23, ticks=0/3826413, in_queue=3826472, util=96.45%
write: IOPS=3052, BW=11.9MiB/s (12.5MB/s)(1431MiB/120011msec); 0 zone resets

We can see that the performance of the additional disk is around 3052 IOPS.

On Windows

Install the test command

The command that you need to test your disk speed is called fio, and is not installed on your server by default.

To install fio, log in to your instance via RDP and download this binary: Microsoft Windows binaries for fio.

Test your disk speed

To test your disk speed, run the following command:

fio --name=rand-write --ioengine=windowsaio --iodepth=32 --rw=randwrite --invalidate=1 --bsrange=4k:4k,4k:4k --size=512m --runtime=120 --time_based --do_verify=1 --direct=1 --group_reporting --numjobs=1

[!primary]

Please note that you will need to modify the --numjobs argument to reflect the number of CPUs that your instance has.

You can retrieve a list of arguments and their functions directly from the fio guide.

Analyse the data

Once the test is finished, you will get a result similar to the following:

fio-3.38
Starting 1 thread
rand-write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][100.0%][w=156MiB/s][w=40.0k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
rand-write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=6880: Thu Nov 14 08:57:53 2024
write: IOPS=39.4k, BW=154MiB/s (161MB/s)(18.0GiB/120001msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=5, max=542348, avg=15.35, stdev=251.51
clat (nsec): min=900, max=184132k, avg=663865.64, stdev=581569.23
lat (usec): min=65, max=544389, avg=679.22, stdev=632.99
clat percentiles (usec):
|  1.00th=[  182],  5.00th=[  273], 10.00th=[  330], 20.00th=[  437],
| 30.00th=[  537], 40.00th=[  619], 50.00th=[  676], 60.00th=[  725],
| 70.00th=[  766], 80.00th=[  807], 90.00th=[  881], 95.00th=[  979],
| 99.00th=[ 1418], 99.50th=[ 1975], 99.90th=[ 6259], 99.95th=[ 8094],
| 99.99th=[13435]
bw (  KiB/s): min=111952, max=183453, per=100.00%, avg=157817.69, stdev=10924.21, samples=201
iops        : min=27988, max=45863, avg=39454.11, stdev=2731.09, samples=201
lat (nsec)   : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
lat (usec)   : 100=0.06%, 250=3.54%, 500=22.77%, 750=40.01%, 1000=29.12%
lat (msec)   : 2=3.98%, 4=0.29%, 10=0.17%, 20=0.02%, 50=0.01%
lat (msec)   : 250=0.01%
cpu          : usr=7.50%, sys=36.67%, ctx=0, majf=0, minf=0
IO depths    : 1=0.2%, 2=0.5%, 4=1.8%, 8=9.5%, 16=71.1%, 32=17.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=94.7%, 8=2.1%, 16=1.6%, 32=1.6%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,4726001,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=154MiB/s (161MB/s), 154MiB/s-154MiB/s (161MB/s-161MB/s), io=18.0GiB (19.4GB), run=120001-120001msec

The line we are interested in is the sixth, which contains the IOPS:

write: IOPS=39.4k, BW=154MiB/s (161MB/s)(18.0GiB/120001msec); 0 zone resets

We can see that the performance of the main disk is around 39.4k IOPS.

Additional disk

To test the speed of an additional disk, you will need to mount the disk. For more information, consult this guide.

Next, access the disk via powershell and run the same command as above.

Go further

Create and configure an additional disk on an Instance{.external}

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