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Deploy applications to specific Nodes and Nodes Pools
Find out how to deploy applications to specific Nodes and Nodes Pools, with labels and NodeAffinity, on OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes
2021-12-15
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Objective

In this tutorial we are going to show you how to deploy your applications to specific Nodes and Nodes Pools, with labels and NodeAffinity Kubernetes concepts, on your OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes Service.

The example chosen here will take advantage of an OVHcloud billing specificity: using monthly billing for nodes that you also plan to keep for the long term can decrease your Kubernetes costs by up to 50%. We are seeing customers with varying workloads creating a first node pool with monthly billing to cover their long-term compute needs, and adding elasticity to the cluster with a second node pool using autoscaling and hourly billing.

We will:

  • create a Managed Kubernetes cluster
  • create a node pool with 3 nodes and "monthly" billing mode
  • create another node pool with autoscaling activated (0 nodes minimum and maximum 10), with "hourly" billing mode
  • deploy an application to a specific node pool (and nodes)

Requirements

Instructions

Cluster creation

Log in to the OVHcloud Control Panel, go to the Public Cloud{.action} section and select the Public Cloud project concerned.

Access the administration UI for your OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes clusters by clicking on Managed Kubernetes Service{.action} in the left-hand menu and click on Create a cluster{.action}.

Create a cluster{.thumbnail}

Or if you already have a cluster, the UI is a little bit different, you need ton click on Create a Kubernetes cluster{.action} button:

Create a cluster{.thumbnail}

Select a location for your new cluster.

Select a location{.thumbnail}

Choose the minor version of Kubernetes.

[!primary] We recommend to always use the last stable version. Please read our End of life / end of support page to understand our version policy.

Choose the minor version of Kubernetes{.thumbnail}

You can now choose to integrate your Kubernetes cluster into a private network using OVHcloud vRack. For more information about this option, please read our guide Using the vRack.

Choose a private network for this cluster{.thumbnail}

For this tutorial, we will configure two different node pools.

Reminder: A node pool is a group of nodes sharing the same configuration, allowing you a lot of flexibility in your cluster management.

Node pool{.thumbnail}

[!primary] You can read the Managing node pools guide for more information on node pools.

For our first node pool, choose a flavor, "B2-7" for example.

Node pool{.thumbnail}

In the next step, define the size of the default node pool.

Default node pool{.thumbnail}

In the next step, choose Monthly billing mode.

Choose the billing mode{.thumbnail}

Finally, enter a name for your cluster and click on the Send{.action} button.

Name the cluster{.thumbnail}

The cluster creation is now in progress. It should be available within a few minutes in your OVHcloud Control Panel.

Second node pool creation

Now, your Kubernetes cluster is up and running. You can see it in your OVHcloud Control Panel.

Select your cluster{.thumbnail}

Click on your cluster, then on Node pools{.action} tab.

We will create our second Node pool. Click on Add a node pool{.action} button.

Then enter a name for your second node pool, hourly for example.

Name your second node pool{.thumbnail}

Select a flavor for your new node pool, we can choose "B2-7" like our other node pool.

Select a flavor for your second node pool{.thumbnail}

In the next step, define the size of our second node pool. This time, we can enable the Autoscaling{.action} feature. Define the minimum and maximum pool size in that case, 0 in minimum and 10 in maximum, for example.

[!primary] By enabling anti-affinity, current and future nodes will be launched on different hypervisors (physical servers), guaranteeing higher fault tolerance.

Define a size and autoscaling for your second node pool{.thumbnail}

And then, choose Hourly billing mode for this second node pool.

Billing mode{.thumbnail}

The node pool creation is now in progress. It should be available within a few minutes in your OVHcloud Control Panel.

The second node pool will be first in Installing status. Wait until its status changes to OK.

Status Installing{.thumbnail}

Status OK{.thumbnail}

Check and prepare our Node pools

To deploy your application on your Kubernetes cluster, we invite you to follow our guide to configuring default settings for kubectl.

When you can access to the cluster through kubectl command, let's display our node pools:

$ kubectl get nodepool
NAME                                            FLAVOR   AUTO SCALED   MONTHLY BILLED   ANTI AFFINITY   DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   MIN   MAX   AGE
hourly                                          b2-7     true          false            false           1         1         1            1           0     10    4m39s
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7b9-05073725d62d   b2-7     false         true             false           3         3         3            3           0     100   164m

Our two node pools exist and we can see the different configuration and autoscaling mode.

Let's display our nodes. You should have 3 nodes running in our first node pool and 1 node in our "hourly" node pool:

$ kubectl get node
NAME                                         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
hourly-node-8e4db2                           Ready    <none>   3m13s   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-23e81b   Ready    <none>   161m    v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-4bd23f   Ready    <none>   163m    v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-ef121e   Ready    <none>   161m    v1.22.2

If you don't do anything during several minutes, the AutoScaling in "hourly" node pool will terminate the node because of inactivity:

$ kubectl get node
NAME                                         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-23e81b   Ready    <none>   3h18m   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-4bd23f   Ready    <none>   3h20m   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-ef121e   Ready    <none>   3h18m   v1.22.2

Deploying our application

It's time to discover the power of labels and NodeAffinity Kubernetes concepts.

We have one node pool with "monthly" billing and another one with "hourly" billing. The goal to have these two node pools is to have the possibility to separate our needs depending on our applications types.

In order to deploy our application in specific nodes, we need to know what is the label of the target node pool.

The thing to know is that the nodes created by Kubernetes have in their label the name of the Node Pool. Thanks to that you can ask Kubernetes to deploy applications in the wanted node pool.

Let's show the labels of our running nodes:

$ kubectl get node --show-labels
NAME                                         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION   LABELS
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-23e81b   Ready    <none>   3h56m   v1.22.2   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone=nova,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-23e81b,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node.k8s.ovh/type=standard,node.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,nodepool=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7b9-05073725d62d,topology.cinder.csi.openstack.org/zone=nova,topology.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,topology.kubernetes.io/zone=nova
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-4bd23f   Ready    <none>   3h58m   v1.22.2   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone=nova,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-4bd23f,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node.k8s.ovh/type=standard,node.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,nodepool=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7b9-05073725d62d,topology.cinder.csi.openstack.org/zone=nova,topology.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,topology.kubernetes.io/zone=nova
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-ef121e   Ready    <none>   3h56m   v1.22.2   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone=nova,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-ef121e,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node.k8s.ovh/type=standard,node.kubernetes.io/instance-type=0da61e94-ce69-4971-b6df-c410fa3659ec,nodepool=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7b9-05073725d62d,topology.cinder.csi.openstack.org/zone=nova,topology.kubernetes.io/region=GRA7,topology.kubernetes.io/zone=nova

As you can maybe see, our running Nodes got the label nodepool=nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7b9-05073725d62d. The format of the label is: nodepool=<name of the nodepool>.

It's time to deploy an application, only on our hourly node pool and let's see the behavior of the AutoScaling.

Create a deployment.yaml file with this content:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: hello-world
  labels:
    app: hello-world
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
    name: http
  selector:
    app: hello-world
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: hello-world-deployment
  labels:
    app: hello-world
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: hello-world
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hello-world
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hello-world
        image: ovhplatform/hello
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: nodepool
                operator: In
                values:
                - hourly
$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
service/hello-world created
deployment.apps/hello-world-deployment created

When you apply this YAML manifest, a Pod will be first in Pending state. A new Node will be created. When the new Node will be successfully created, the Pod will be started in this Node.

$ kubectl get pod -w
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   0/1     Pending   0          12s
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   0/1     Pending   0          3m3s
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          3m29s
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          3m41s
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   1/1     Running             0          3m45s

You have to wait several minutes in order to have a new Node that matches your criteria.

$ kubectl get node
NAME                                         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
hourly-node-d4f9d7                           Ready    <none>   18s   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-23e81b   Ready    <none>   21h   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-4bd23f   Ready    <none>   21h   v1.22.2
nodepool-cc40f90c-effb-4945-b7-node-ef121e   Ready    <none>   21h   v1.22.2

And you can check in which node our application is running:

$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP         NODE                 NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
hello-world-deployment-585c6cfcd8-kntp9   1/1     Running   0          13m   10.2.8.2   hourly-node-d4f9d7   <none>           <none>

With this feature you can choose and control where you want to deploy your applications.

Note that a given label can be applied to multiple node pools and / or specific nodes only if it makes sense to you.

Where do we go from here?

In this tutorial you saw how to create, in your OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes cluster, several kinds of node pools and how to deploy your applications easily where you want to.

But do you know that you can do several others Node operations like taint, drain and cordon thanks to Node pool labels propagation to the Nodes?

To learn more about using your Kubernetes cluster the practical way, we invite you to look at our OVHcloud Managed Kubernetes documentation site.

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