Add lint rule to prefer map((): T => {}) over map<T>(() => {}) (#6995)

**User-Facing Changes**
None

**Description**

TypeScript currently widens inferred types of function expressions
(microsoft/TypeScript#241). This results in
the following [sad
situation](https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/MYewdgzgLgBAhjAvDA2gRgDQwExYMwC6A3AFAlQCeADgKYwAqSMA3iTOzAB4BcMYArgFsARjQBOpAL5k4AOkFwqACiUBLAJS9GiAHwsSAegMwAegH42HMTSj8xYfRyddeqjJecwKvAEQgQVBCqND5YMEYw4mIgYjCAvBuAsjseMNKS6qQkcgpUADz0OioaSHqsEebJ1rb2jp4uMG7JTt4wfgFBIWERYCCRYtGxgHwbgCi7yanpZEA):

```ts
const a = [1, 2, 3];

type T = {
    x: number;
}

a.map((i): T => {
    return {
        x: i,
        y: "oopsie",  // error 👍
    }
});

a.map<T>((i) => {
    return {
        x: i,
        y: "oopsie",  // no error 🤔
    }
});
```

This PR adds a lint rule to automatically replace `map<T>((i) => ...`
with `map((i): T => ...`.

Depends on https://github.com/foxglove/studio/pull/6989 to merge first.

Resolves FG-5336

Author: jtbandes

packages/eslint-plugin-studio/index.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ module.exports = {
     "link-target": require("./link-target"),
     "lodash-ramda-imports": require("./lodash-ramda-imports"),
     "ramda-usage": require("./ramda-usage"),
+    "no-map-type-argument": require("./no-map-type-argument"),
   },
 
   configs: {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ module.exports = {
         "@foxglove/studio/link-target": "error",
         "@foxglove/studio/lodash-ramda-imports": "error",
         "@foxglove/studio/ramda-usage": "error",
+        "@foxglove/studio/no-map-type-argument": "error",
       },
     },
   },

packages/eslint-plugin-studio/no-map-type-argument.js

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+// License, v2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/
+
+const { ESLintUtils } = require("@typescript-eslint/utils");
+
+/**
+ * @type {import("eslint").Rule.RuleModule}
+ */
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    type: "problem",
+    fixable: "code",
+    messages: {
+      preferReturnTypeAnnotation: `Annotate the function return type explicitly instead of passing generic arguments to Array#map, to avoid return type widening (https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/241)`,
+    },
+  },
+  create: (context) => {
+    return {
+      [`CallExpression[arguments.length>=1][typeArguments.params.length=1][arguments.0.type=ArrowFunctionExpression]:not([arguments.0.returnType]) > MemberExpression.callee[property.name="map"]`]:
+        (/** @type {import("estree").MemberExpression} */ node) => {
+          /** @type {import("estree").CallExpression} */
+          const callExpr = node.parent;
+
+          const { esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap, program } = ESLintUtils.getParserServices(context);
+          const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();
+          const checker = program.getTypeChecker();
+          const objectTsNode = esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap.get(node.object);
+          const objectType = checker.getTypeAtLocation(objectTsNode);
+          if (!checker.isArrayType(objectType) && !checker.isTupleType(objectType)) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const arrowToken = sourceCode.getTokenBefore(
+            callExpr.arguments[0].body,
+            (token) => token.type === "Punctuator" && token.value === "=>",
+          );
+          if (!arrowToken) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const maybeCloseParenToken = sourceCode.getTokenBefore(arrowToken);
+          const closeParenToken =
+            maybeCloseParenToken.type === "Punctuator" && maybeCloseParenToken.value === ")"
+              ? maybeCloseParenToken
+              : undefined;
+
+          context.report({
+            node: callExpr.typeArguments,
+            messageId: "preferReturnTypeAnnotation",
+            *fix(fixer) {
+              const returnType = sourceCode.getText(callExpr.typeArguments.params[0]);
+              yield fixer.remove(callExpr.typeArguments);
+              if (closeParenToken) {
+                yield fixer.insertTextAfter(closeParenToken, `: ${returnType}`);
+              } else {
+                yield fixer.insertTextBefore(callExpr.arguments[0], "(");
+                yield fixer.insertTextAfter(
+                  callExpr.arguments[0].params[callExpr.arguments[0].params.length - 1],
+                  `): ${returnType}`,
+                );
+              }
+            },
+          });
+        },
+    };
+  },
+};

packages/eslint-plugin-studio/no-map-type-argument.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+// License, v2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/
+
+import { RuleTester } from "@typescript-eslint/rule-tester";
+import { TSESLint } from "@typescript-eslint/utils";
+import path from "path";
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+const rule = require("./no-map-type-argument") as TSESLint.RuleModule<"preferReturnTypeAnnotation">;
+
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester({
+  parser: "@typescript-eslint/parser",
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 2020,
+    tsconfigRootDir: path.join(__dirname, "fixture"),
+    project: "tsconfig.json",
+  },
+});
+
+ruleTester.run("no-map-type-argument", rule, {
+  valid: [
+    /* ts */ `
+    [1, 2].map((x) => x + 1);
+    [1, 2].map((x): number => x + 1);
+    [1, 2].map<number>((x): number => x + 1);
+    [1, 2].map<number, string>((x) => x + 1);
+    ({ x: 1 }).map<number>((x) => x + 1);
+    `,
+  ],
+
+  invalid: [
+    {
+      code: /* ts */ `
+        [1, 2].map<number>(x => x + 1);
+        [1, 2].map<number>((x) => x + 1);
+      `,
+      errors: [
+        { messageId: "preferReturnTypeAnnotation", line: 2 },
+        { messageId: "preferReturnTypeAnnotation", line: 3 },
+      ],
+      output: /* ts */ `
+        [1, 2].map((x): number => x + 1);
+        [1, 2].map((x): number => x + 1);
+      `,
+    },
+  ],
+});

packages/studio-base/src/components/PanelExtensionAdapter/PanelExtensionAdapter.tsx

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ function PanelExtensionAdapter(
         if (!isMounted()) {
           return;
         }
-        const subscribePayloads = topics.map<SubscribePayload>((item) => {
+        const subscribePayloads = topics.map((item): SubscribePayload => {
           if (typeof item === "string") {
             // For backwards compatability with the topic-string-array api `subscribe(["/topic"])`
             // results in a topic subscription with full preloading
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ function PanelExtensionAdapter(
         });
 
         // ExtensionPanel-Facing subscription type
-        const localSubs = topics.map<Subscription>((item) => {
+        const localSubs = topics.map((item): Subscription => {
           if (typeof item === "string") {
             return { topic: item, preload: true };
           }

packages/studio-base/src/components/PanelExtensionAdapter/renderState.ts

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ function initRenderStateBuilder(): BuildRenderStateFn {
       if (sortedTopics !== prevSortedTopics || prevMessageConverters !== messageConverters) {
         shouldRender = true;
 
-        const topics = sortedTopics.map<Topic>((topic) => {
+        const topics = sortedTopics.map((topic): Topic => {
           const newTopic: Topic = {
             name: topic.name,
             datatype: topic.schemaName ?? "",