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‎2021/day03.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en-us">
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<head>
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<title>2021/day03.nim</title>
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<link rel="icon" href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 100 100%22><text y=%22.9em%22 font-size=%2280%22>🐳</text></svg>">
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="content-type">
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<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport">
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<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://unpkg.com/normalize.css/'>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kognise/water.css@latest/dist/dark.min.css">
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<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/pietroppeter/nimib/assets/androidstudio.css'>
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<style>
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.nb-box {
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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justify-content: space-between;
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}
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.nb-small {
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font-size: 0.8rem;
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}
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button.nb-small {
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float: right;
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padding: 2px;
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padding-right: 5px;
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padding-left: 5px;
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}
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section#source {
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display:none
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}
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</style>
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<script async defer data-domain="pietroppeter.github.io/adventofnim" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script>
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<style>
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a {
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text-decoration: none;
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color: #009900;
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}
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a:hover {
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color: #99ff99;
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}
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em {
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color: #ffffff;
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font-style: normal;
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text-shadow: 0 0 5px #ffffff;
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}
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em.star {
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font-style: normal;
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color: #ffff66;
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text-shadow: 0 0 5px #ffff66;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<header>
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<div class="nb-box">
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<span><a href="..">🏡</a></span>
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<span><code>2021/day03.nim</code></span>
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<span><a href="https://github.com/pietroppeter/adventofnim"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="1.2em" height="1.2em" style="vertical-align: middle; fill: #fff" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></span>
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</div>
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<hr>
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</header><main>
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<h2>Day 3: <a href="https://adventofcode.com/2021/day/3">Binary Diagnostic</a></h2>
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<h3>Part 1</h3>
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<blockquote>
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<p>The diagnostic report (your puzzle input) consists of a list of binary numbers which, when decoded properly, can tell you many useful things about the conditions of the submarine. The first parameter to check is the <em>power consumption</em>.</p>
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<p>You need to use the binary numbers in the diagnostic report to generate two new binary numbers (called the <em>gamma rate</em> and the <em>epsilon rate</em>). The power consumption can then be found by multiplying the gamma rate by the epsilon rate.</p>
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<p>Each bit in the gamma rate can be determined by finding the <em>most common bit in the corresponding position</em> of all numbers in the diagnostic report. For example, given the following diagnostic report:</p>
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</blockquote>
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> testInput = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
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00100
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11110
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10110
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10111
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10101
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01111
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00111
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11100
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10000
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11001
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00010
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01010&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></code></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Considering only the first bit of each number, there are five 0 bits and seven 1 bits. Since the most common bit is 1, the first bit of the gamma rate is 1.</p>
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<p>The most common second bit of the numbers in the diagnostic report is 0, so the second bit of the gamma rate is 0.</p>
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<p>The most common value of the third, fourth, and fifth bits are 1, 1, and 0, respectively, and so the final three bits of the gamma rate are 110.</p>
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<p>So, the gamma rate is the binary number 10110, or <em>22</em> in decimal.</p>
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<p>The epsilon rate is calculated in a similar way; rather than use the most common bit, the least common bit from each position is used. So, the epsilon rate is 01001, or <em>9</em> in decimal. Multiplying the gamma rate (22) by the epsilon rate (9) produces the power consumption, <em>198</em>.</p>
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<p>Use the binary numbers in your diagnostic report to calculate the gamma rate and epsilon rate, then multiply them together. <em>What is the power consumption of the submarine?</em></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>I had to catch a plane this morning and the puzzle unlocked
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while getting onto the plane. Luckily I was able to solve part1 in the few
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minutes from the moment I sat on the plane to the moment they asked us
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to turn off the devices, so I could get also the text for part2 and had
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plenty of time during flight to solve it.</p>
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span>
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testNums = testInput.splitLines.toSeq
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puzzleNums = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;2021/input03.txt&quot;</span>.lines.toSeq</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> getGamma(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
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gamma = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># I can reuse identifier</span>
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countOnes: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> .. nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-keyword">high</span>:
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countOnes = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> num <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> nums:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> num[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>:
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inc countOnes
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> countOnes &gt;= nums.len <span class="hljs-keyword">div</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
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gamma.add <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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gamma.add <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>
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<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> = parseBinInt gamma
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dump testNums.getGamma
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dump puzzleNums.getGamma</code></pre>
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<pre><samp>testNums.getGamma = 22
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puzzleNums.getGamma = 2502
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</samp></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>That's the right answer! You are <em class="star">one gold star</em> closer to saving your vacation.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> part1(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span>
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gamma = getGamma(nums)
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<span class="hljs-comment"># 2^5(=32) - 22 - 1 -&gt; 9 </span>
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epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>^len(nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]) - gamma
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> gamma*epsilon
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dump part1 testNums
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dump part1 puzzleNums</code></pre>
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<pre><samp>part1 testNums = 220
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part1 puzzleNums = 3988188
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</samp></pre>
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> lifeSupport(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>], oxy=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
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nums = nums <span class="hljs-comment"># idiomatic</span>
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i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
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zeros, ones: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> nums.len &gt; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
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zeros = @[] <span class="hljs-comment"># zeros, ones = @[] does not work</span>
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ones = @[]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j, num <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> nums:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> num[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>:
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ones.add j
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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zeros.add j
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<span class="hljs-comment">#dump ones</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">#dump zeros</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> oxy:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ones.len &gt;= zeros.len:
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nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> ones:
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nums[j]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> zeros:
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nums[j]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> zeros.len &lt;= ones.len:
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nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> zeros:
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nums[j]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> ones:
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nums[j]
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inc i
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<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho nums</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> nums.len == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parseBinInt(nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> part2(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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lifeSupport(nums)*lifeSupport(nums, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>)
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dump part2 testNums
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dump part2 puzzleNums</code></pre>
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<pre><samp>part2 testNums = 230
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part2 puzzleNums = 2555739
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</samp></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>That's the right answer! You are <em class="star">one gold star</em> closer to saving your vacation.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Later I will add more comments, highlights and I have
184+
in mind something special for the &quot;visualization&quot; part (if I get to it).</p>
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<p>Stay tuned and enjoy Advent of Nim! 🎄👑</p>
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</main>
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<footer>
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<hr>
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<div class="nb-box">
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<span><span class="nb-small">made with <a href="https://pietroppeter.github.io/nimib/">nimib 🐳</a></span></span>
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<span></span>
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<span><button class="nb-small" id="show" onclick="toggleSourceDisplay()">Show Source</button></span>
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</div>
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</footer>
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<section id="source">
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<pre><code class="nim hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> nimib, animu
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nbInit(theme=useAdventOfNim)
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nbText: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;## Day 3: [Binary Diagnostic](https://adventofcode.com/2021/day/3)
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### Part 1
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&gt; The diagnostic report (your puzzle input) consists of a list of binary numbers which, when decoded properly, can tell you many useful things about the conditions of the submarine. The first parameter to check is the _power consumption_.
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&gt;
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&gt; You need to use the binary numbers in the diagnostic report to generate two new binary numbers (called the _gamma rate_ and the _epsilon rate_). The power consumption can then be found by multiplying the gamma rate by the epsilon rate.
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&gt;
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&gt; Each bit in the gamma rate can be determined by finding the _most common bit in the corresponding position_ of all numbers in the diagnostic report. For example, given the following diagnostic report:
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&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
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nbCode:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> testInput = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
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00100
215+
11110
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10110
217+
10111
218+
10101
219+
01111
220+
00111
221+
11100
222+
10000
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11001
224+
00010
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01010&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
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nbText: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
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&gt; Considering only the first bit of each number, there are five 0 bits and seven 1 bits. Since the most common bit is 1, the first bit of the gamma rate is 1.
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&gt;
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&gt; The most common second bit of the numbers in the diagnostic report is 0, so the second bit of the gamma rate is 0.
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&gt;
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&gt; The most common value of the third, fourth, and fifth bits are 1, 1, and 0, respectively, and so the final three bits of the gamma rate are 110.
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&gt;
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&gt; So, the gamma rate is the binary number 10110, or _22_ in decimal.
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&gt;
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&gt; The epsilon rate is calculated in a similar way; rather than use the most common bit, the least common bit from each position is used. So, the epsilon rate is 01001, or _9_ in decimal. Multiplying the gamma rate (22) by the epsilon rate (9) produces the power consumption, _198_.
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&gt;
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&gt; Use the binary numbers in your diagnostic report to calculate the gamma rate and epsilon rate, then multiply them together. _What is the power consumption of the submarine?_
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I had to catch a plane this morning and the puzzle unlocked
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while getting onto the plane. Luckily I was able to solve part1 in the few
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minutes from the moment I sat on the plane to the moment they asked us
243+
to turn off the devices, so I could get also the text for part2 and had
244+
plenty of time during flight to solve it.
245+
&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
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nbCode:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span>
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testNums = testInput.splitLines.toSeq
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puzzleNums = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;2021/input03.txt&quot;</span>.lines.toSeq
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nbCode:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> getGamma(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
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gamma = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># I can reuse identifier</span>
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countOnes: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> .. nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-keyword">high</span>:
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countOnes = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> num <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> nums:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> num[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>:
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inc countOnes
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> countOnes &gt;= nums.len <span class="hljs-keyword">div</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
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gamma.add <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
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gamma.add <span class="hljs-string">'0'</span>
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<span class="hljs-literal">result</span> = parseBinInt gamma
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dump testNums.getGamma
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dump puzzleNums.getGamma
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gotTheStar
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nbCode:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> part1(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span>
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gamma = getGamma(nums)
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<span class="hljs-comment"># 2^5(=32) - 22 - 1 -&gt; 9 </span>
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epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>^len(nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]) - gamma
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> gamma*epsilon
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dump part1 testNums
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dump part1 puzzleNums
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nbCode:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> lifeSupport(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>], oxy=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>
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nums = nums <span class="hljs-comment"># idiomatic</span>
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i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
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zeros, ones: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> nums.len &gt; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
290+
zeros = @[] <span class="hljs-comment"># zeros, ones = @[] does not work</span>
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ones = @[]
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j, num <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> nums:
293+
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> num[i] == <span class="hljs-string">'1'</span>:
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ones.add j
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
296+
zeros.add j
297+
<span class="hljs-comment">#dump ones</span>
298+
<span class="hljs-comment">#dump zeros</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> oxy:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ones.len &gt;= zeros.len:
301+
nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> ones:
303+
nums[j]
304+
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
305+
nums = collect:
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<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> zeros:
307+
nums[j]
308+
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
309+
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> zeros.len &lt;= ones.len:
310+
nums = collect:
311+
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> zeros:
312+
nums[j]
313+
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
314+
nums = collect:
315+
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> ones:
316+
nums[j]
317+
inc i
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<span class="hljs-comment">#debugEcho nums</span>
319+
<span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> nums.len == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
320+
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parseBinInt(nums[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
321+
322+
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> part2(nums: <span class="hljs-built_in">seq</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]): <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> =
323+
lifeSupport(nums)*lifeSupport(nums, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>)
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dump part2 testNums
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dump part2 puzzleNums
326+
327+
gotTheStar
328+
329+
nbText: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
330+
Later I will add more comments, highlights and I have
331+
in mind something special for the &quot;visualization&quot; part (if I get to it).
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333+
Stay tuned and enjoy Advent of Nim! 🎄👑
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&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
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nbSave
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</code></pre>
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</section><script>
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var source = document.getElementById("source");
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source.style.display = "block";
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btn.innerHTML = "Show Source";
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source.style.display = "none";
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