Fix build_knn_matrix (now called update_knn_matrix)

Previous version of build_knn_matrix had an unreachable branch (`if
(features!=NULL)`), which lead to use_wide_search having no effect.
There was also a memory bug of copying a memory area into itself.

predict_for_relation was fixed with interoperation of use_wide_search
and predict_with_few_neighbors features in mind. Additions to the
look_a_like regression test reflect those changes.

This commit also removes unused arguments from several functions and
fixes a couple of typos.

Author: Artem Fadeev

Diff for: cardinality_estimation.c

@@ -81,8 +81,17 @@ predict_for_relation(List *clauses, List *selectivities, List *relsigns,
 							  &ncols, &features);
 	data = OkNNr_allocate(ncols);
 
-	if (load_fss_ext(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, data, NULL))
+	if (load_aqo_data(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, data, false) &&
+			data->rows >= (aqo_predict_with_few_neighbors ? 1 : aqo_k))
 		result = OkNNr_predict(data, features);
+	/* Try to search in surrounding feature spaces for the same node */
+	else if (use_wide_search && load_aqo_data(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, data, true))
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG5, "[AQO] Make prediction for fss "INT64_FORMAT" by a neighbour "
+			 "includes %d feature(s) and %d fact(s).",
+			 (int64) *fss, data->cols, data->rows);
+		result = OkNNr_predict(data, features);
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		/*
@@ -91,17 +100,7 @@ predict_for_relation(List *clauses, List *selectivities, List *relsigns,
 		 * small part of paths was used for AQO learning and stored into
 		 * the AQO knowledge base.
 		 */
-
-		/* Try to search in surrounding feature spaces for the same node */
-		if (!load_aqo_data(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, data, NULL, use_wide_search, features))
-			result = -1;
-		else
-		{
-			elog(DEBUG5, "[AQO] Make prediction for fss %d by a neighbour "
-				 "includes %d feature(s) and %d fact(s).",
-				 *fss, data->cols, data->rows);
-			result = OkNNr_predict(data, features);
-		}
+		result = -1;
 	}
 
 #ifdef AQO_DEBUG_PRINT

Diff for: cardinality_hooks.c

@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ predict_num_groups(PlannerInfo *root, Path *subpath, List *group_exprs,
 	*fss = get_grouped_exprs_hash(child_fss, group_exprs);
 	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(OkNNrdata));
 
-	if (!load_fss_ext(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, &data, NULL))
+	if (!load_aqo_data(query_context.fspace_hash, *fss, &data, false))
 		return -1;
 
 	Assert(data.rows == 1);

Diff for: expected/gucs.out

@@ -142,4 +142,5 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM aqo_query_stat;
      0
 (1 row)
 
+DROP TABLE t;
 DROP EXTENSION aqo;

Diff for: expected/look_a_like.out

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ SELECT true AS success FROM aqo_reset();
 SET aqo.wide_search = 'on';
 SET aqo.mode = 'learn';
 SET aqo.show_details = 'on';
-set aqo.show_hash = 'off';
+SET aqo.show_hash = 'off';
 SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 1;
+SET aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors = 'off';
 SET enable_nestloop = 'off';
 SET enable_mergejoin = 'off';
 SET enable_material = 'off';
@@ -553,9 +554,131 @@ WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT L
  JOINS: 2
 (24 rows)
 
+-- Next few test cases focus on fss corresponding to (x1 > ? AND x2 < ? AND x3 < ?). We will denote
+-- it by fss0. At this moment there is exactly one fs with (fs, fss0, dbid) record in aqo_data. We'll
+-- refer to it as fs0.
+-- Let's create another fs for fss0. We'll call this fs fs1. Since aqo.wide_search='on',
+-- aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting=1, and there is (fs0, fss0, dbid) data record, AQO must be used here.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT * FROM A WHERE x1 > -100 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+                                result                                
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.a (actual rows=100 loops=1)
+   AQO: rows=20, error=-400%
+   Output: x1, x2, x3
+   Filter: ((a.x1 > '-100'::integer) AND (a.x2 < 10) AND (a.x3 < 10))
+ Using aqo: true
+ AQO mode: LEARN
+ JOINS: 0
+(7 rows)
+
+-- Now there are 2 data records for fss0: one for (fs0, fss0, dbid) and one for (fs1, fss0, dbid)
+-- We repeat previous query, but set aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting to 2. Since aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors
+-- is 'off', AQO is obliged to use both data records for fss0.
+SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 2;
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT * FROM A WHERE x1 > 1 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+                         result                         
+--------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.a (actual rows=80 loops=1)
+   AQO: rows=77, error=-4%
+   Output: x1, x2, x3
+   Filter: ((a.x1 > 1) AND (a.x2 < 10) AND (a.x3 < 10))
+   Rows Removed by Filter: 20
+ Using aqo: true
+ AQO mode: LEARN
+ JOINS: 0
+(8 rows)
+
+-- Now there are 3 data records for fss0: 1 for (fs0, fss0, dbid) and 2 for (fs1, fss0, dbid)
+-- Lastly, we run invoke query with previously unseen fs with fss0 feature subspace. AQO must use
+-- three data records from two neighbors for this one.
+SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 3;
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT x2 FROM A WHERE x1 > 3 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10 GROUP BY(x2);') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+                            result                            
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ HashAggregate (actual rows=6 loops=1)
+   AQO not used
+   Output: x2
+   Group Key: a.x2
+   ->  Seq Scan on public.a (actual rows=60 loops=1)
+         AQO: rows=71, error=15%
+         Output: x1, x2, x3
+         Filter: ((a.x1 > 3) AND (a.x2 < 10) AND (a.x3 < 10))
+         Rows Removed by Filter: 40
+ Using aqo: true
+ AQO mode: LEARN
+ JOINS: 0
+(12 rows)
+
+-----
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t;
+NOTICE:  table "t" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT x, x AS y, x AS z FROM generate_series(1, 10000) x;
+ANALYZE t;
+SELECT true AS success FROM aqo_reset();
+ success 
+---------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test that when there are less records than aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting for given (fs, fss, dbid)
+-- and aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors is off, those records have higher precedence for cardinality estimation
+-- than neighbors' records.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+select * from t where x <= 10000 and y <= 10000 and z <= 10000;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+                              result                              
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.t (actual rows=10000 loops=1)
+   AQO not used
+   Output: x, y, z
+   Filter: ((t.x <= 10000) AND (t.y <= 10000) AND (t.z <= 10000))
+ Using aqo: true
+ AQO mode: LEARN
+ JOINS: 0
+(7 rows)
+
+DO
+$$
+BEGIN
+	for counter in 1..20 loop
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= 1 and y <= 1 and z <= %L;', 10 * counter);
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= 1 and y <= %L and z <= 1;', 10 * counter);
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= %L and y <= 1 and z <= 1;', 10 * counter);
+	end loop;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL;
+-- AQO should predict ~1000 rows to indicate that the record from previous invocation was used.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+select * from t where x <= 10000 and y <= 10000 and z <= 10000;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+                              result                              
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on public.t (actual rows=10000 loops=1)
+   AQO: rows=9987, error=-0%
+   Output: x, y, z
+   Filter: ((t.x <= 10000) AND (t.y <= 10000) AND (t.z <= 10000))
+ Using aqo: true
+ AQO mode: LEARN
+ JOINS: 0
+(7 rows)
+
 RESET aqo.wide_search;
+RESET aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors;
+RESET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting;
 DROP EXTENSION aqo CASCADE;
 DROP TABLE a;
 DROP TABLE b;
 DROP TABLE c;
+DROP TABLE t;
 DROP FUNCTION expln;

Diff for: expected/unsupported.out

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ $$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL;
 SET aqo.mode = 'learn';
 SET aqo.show_details = 'on';
 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t;
+NOTICE:  table "t" does not exist, skipping
 CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT (gs.* / 50) AS x FROM generate_series(1,1000) AS gs;
 ANALYZE t;
 CREATE TABLE t1 AS SELECT mod(gs,10) AS x, mod(gs+1,10) AS y

Diff for: machine_learning.c

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ OkNNr_predict(OkNNrdata *data, double *features)
 
 	if (!aqo_predict_with_few_neighbors && data->rows < aqo_k)
 		return -1.;
+	Assert(data->rows > 0);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < data->rows; ++i)
 		distances[i] = fs_distance(data->matrix[i], features, data->cols);

Diff for: postprocessing.c

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ atomic_fss_learn_step(uint64 fs, int fss, OkNNrdata *data,
 					  double *features, double target, double rfactor,
 					  List *reloids)
 {
-	if (!load_fss_ext(fs, fss, data, NULL))
+	if (!load_aqo_data(fs, fss, data, false))
 		data->rows = 0;
 
 	data->rows = OkNNr_learn(data, features, target, rfactor);

Diff for: sql/gucs.sql

@@ -50,4 +50,5 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM aqo_query_stat;
 SELECT true AS success FROM aqo_reset();
 SELECT count(*) FROM aqo_query_stat;
 
+DROP TABLE t;
 DROP EXTENSION aqo;

Diff for: sql/look_a_like.sql

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ SET aqo.wide_search = 'on';
 
 SET aqo.mode = 'learn';
 SET aqo.show_details = 'on';
-set aqo.show_hash = 'off';
+SET aqo.show_hash = 'off';
 SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 1;
+SET aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors = 'off';
 SET enable_nestloop = 'off';
 SET enable_mergejoin = 'off';
 SET enable_material = 'off';
@@ -142,10 +143,73 @@ FROM expln('
 SELECT * FROM (A LEFT JOIN B ON A.x1 = B.y1) sc left join C on sc.x1=C.z1;') AS str
 WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
 
+
+-- Next few test cases focus on fss corresponding to (x1 > ? AND x2 < ? AND x3 < ?). We will denote
+-- it by fss0. At this moment there is exactly one fs with (fs, fss0, dbid) record in aqo_data. We'll
+-- refer to it as fs0.
+
+-- Let's create another fs for fss0. We'll call this fs fs1. Since aqo.wide_search='on',
+-- aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting=1, and there is (fs0, fss0, dbid) data record, AQO must be used here.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT * FROM A WHERE x1 > -100 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+-- Now there are 2 data records for fss0: one for (fs0, fss0, dbid) and one for (fs1, fss0, dbid)
+
+-- We repeat previous query, but set aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting to 2. Since aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors
+-- is 'off', AQO is obliged to use both data records for fss0.
+SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 2;
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT * FROM A WHERE x1 > 1 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+-- Now there are 3 data records for fss0: 1 for (fs0, fss0, dbid) and 2 for (fs1, fss0, dbid)
+
+-- Lastly, we run invoke query with previously unseen fs with fss0 feature subspace. AQO must use
+-- three data records from two neighbors for this one.
+SET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting = 3;
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+SELECT x2 FROM A WHERE x1 > 3 AND x2 < 10 AND x3 < 10 GROUP BY(x2);') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+
+-----
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t;
+CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT x, x AS y, x AS z FROM generate_series(1, 10000) x;
+ANALYZE t;
+SELECT true AS success FROM aqo_reset();
+
+-- Test that when there are less records than aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting for given (fs, fss, dbid)
+-- and aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors is off, those records have higher precedence for cardinality estimation
+-- than neighbors' records.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+select * from t where x <= 10000 and y <= 10000 and z <= 10000;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+DO
+$$
+BEGIN
+	for counter in 1..20 loop
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= 1 and y <= 1 and z <= %L;', 10 * counter);
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= 1 and y <= %L and z <= 1;', 10 * counter);
+		EXECUTE format('explain analyze select *, 1 from t where x <= %L and y <= 1 and z <= 1;', 10 * counter);
+	end loop;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL;
+-- AQO should predict ~1000 rows to indicate that the record from previous invocation was used.
+SELECT str AS result
+FROM expln('
+select * from t where x <= 10000 and y <= 10000 and z <= 10000;') AS str
+WHERE str NOT LIKE 'Query Identifier%' and str NOT LIKE '%Memory%' and str NOT LIKE '%Sort Method%';
+
+
 RESET aqo.wide_search;
+RESET aqo.predict_with_few_neighbors;
+RESET aqo.min_neighbors_for_predicting;
 DROP EXTENSION aqo CASCADE;
 
 DROP TABLE a;
 DROP TABLE b;
 DROP TABLE c;
+DROP TABLE t;
 DROP FUNCTION expln;