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replace liu jordan with campbell norman in forecast.rst (#1114)
* less aggressive renaming * missed call in code-block
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docs/sphinx/source/forecasts.rst

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Forecasting
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***********
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pvlib-python provides a set of functions and classes that make it easy
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pvlib python provides a set of functions and classes that make it easy
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to obtain weather forecast data and convert that data into a PV power
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forecast. Users can retrieve standardized weather forecast data relevant
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to PV power modeling from NOAA/NCEP/NWS models including the GFS, NAM,
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RAP, HRRR, and the NDFD. A PV power forecast can then be obtained using
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the weather data as inputs to the comprehensive modeling capabilities of
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PVLIB-Python. Standardized, open source, reference implementations of
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pvlib python. Standardized, open source, reference implementations of
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forecast methods using publicly available data may help advance the
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state-of-the-art of solar power forecasting.
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pvlib-python uses Unidata's `Siphon
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pvlib python uses Unidata's `Siphon
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<http://siphon.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_ library to simplify access
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to real-time forecast data hosted on the Unidata `THREDDS catalog
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<http://thredds.ucar.edu/thredds/catalog.html>`_. Siphon is great for
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We do not know of a similarly easy way to access archives of forecast data.
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This document demonstrates how to use pvlib-python to create a PV power
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This document demonstrates how to use pvlib python to create a PV power
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forecast using these tools. The `forecast
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<http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/pvlib/pvlib-python/blob/
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master/docs/tutorials/forecast.ipynb>`_ and `forecast_to_power
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similar field in the HRRR is named
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``Total_cloud_cover_entire_atmosphere``.
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PVLIB-Python aims to simplify the access of the model fields relevant
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for solar power forecasts. Model data accessed with PVLIB-Python is
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pvlib python aims to simplify the access of the model fields relevant
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for solar power forecasts. Model data accessed with pvlib python is
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returned as a pandas DataFrame with consistent column names:
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``temp_air, wind_speed, total_clouds, low_clouds, mid_clouds,
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high_clouds, dni, dhi, ghi``. To accomplish this, we use an
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map and process that specific model's data to the standardized fields.
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The code below demonstrates how simple it is to access and plot forecast
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data using PVLIB-Python. First, we set up make the basic imports and
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data using pvlib python. First, we set up make the basic imports and
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then set the location and time range data.
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.. ipython:: python
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accurate to create empirically derived radiation forecasts from the
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weather models' cloud cover forecasts.
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PVLIB-Python provides two basic ways to convert cloud cover forecasts to
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pvlib python provides two basic ways to convert cloud cover forecasts to
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irradiance forecasts. One method assumes a linear relationship between
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cloud cover and GHI, applies the scaling to a clear sky climatology, and
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then uses the DISC model to calculate DNI. The second method assumes a
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linear relationship between cloud cover and atmospheric transmittance,
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and then uses the Liu-Jordan [Liu60]_ model to calculate GHI, DNI, and
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DHI.
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and then uses the Campbell-Norman model to calculate GHI, DNI, and
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DHI [Cam98]_. Campbell-Norman is an approximation of Liu-Jordan [Liu60]_.
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*Caveat emptor*: these algorithms are not rigorously verified! The
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purpose of the forecast module is to provide a few exceedingly simple
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plt.close();
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The essential parts of the Liu-Jordan cloud cover to irradiance algorithm
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The essential parts of the Campbell-Norman cloud cover to irradiance algorithm
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are as follows.
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.. code-block:: python
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# cloud cover in percentage units here
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transmittance = ((100.0 - cloud_cover) / 100.0) * 0.75
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# irrads is a DataFrame containing ghi, dni, dhi
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irrads = liujordan(apparent_zenith, transmittance, airmass_absolute)
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irrads = campbell_norman(apparent_zenith, transmittance)
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The figure below shows the result of the Liu-Jordan total cloud cover to
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The figure below shows the result of the Campbell-Norman total cloud cover to
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irradiance conversion.
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.. ipython:: python
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# plot irradiance data
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irrads = model.cloud_cover_to_irradiance(data['total_clouds'], how='liujordan')
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irrads = model.cloud_cover_to_irradiance(data['total_clouds'], how='campbell_norman')
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irrads.plot();
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plt.ylabel('Irradiance ($W/m^2$)');
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plt.xlabel('Forecast Time ({})'.format(tz));
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plt.title('GFS 0.5 deg forecast for lat={}, lon={} using "liujordan"'
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plt.title('GFS 0.5 deg forecast for lat={}, lon={} using "campbell_norman"'
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.format(latitude, longitude));
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@savefig gfs_irrad_lj.png width=6in
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plt.legend();
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from photovoltaic plants in the American Southwest" Renewable
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Energy 91, 11-20 (2016).
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.. [Cam98] Campbell, G. S., J. M. Norman (1998) An Introduction to
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Environmental Biophysics. 2nd Ed. New York: Springer.
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.. [Liu60] B. Y. Liu and R. C. Jordan, The interrelationship and
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characteristic distribution of direct, diffuse, and total solar
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radiation, *Solar Energy* **4**, 1 (1960).

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