diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 66455e7f11..11901c099e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Update CMake
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
+      # TEMPORARILY pin version because 3.26.0-rc1 is failing under macOS:
+      with:
+        cmake-version: '3.25.2'
 
     - name: Cache wheels
       if: runner.os == 'macOS'
@@ -281,6 +284,8 @@ jobs:
           - dev
         std:
           - 11
+        container_suffix:
+          - ""
         include:
           - clang: 5
             std: 14
@@ -294,9 +299,12 @@ jobs:
             std: 20
           - clang: 14
             std: 20
+          - clang: 15
+            std: 20
+            container_suffix: "-bullseye"
 
     name: "🐍 3 • Clang ${{ matrix.clang }} • C++${{ matrix.std }} • x64"
-    container: "silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.clang }}"
+    container: "silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.clang }}${{ matrix.container_suffix }}"
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -762,7 +770,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
 
     - name: Prepare MSVC
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.0
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.1
       with:
         arch: x86
 
@@ -815,7 +823,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
 
     - name: Prepare MSVC
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.0
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.1
       with:
         arch: x86
 
@@ -1067,6 +1075,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Update CMake
         uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
+        # TEMPORARILY pin version because 3.26.0-rc1 is failing under macOS:
+        with:
+          cmake-version: '3.25.2'
 
       - name: Run pip installs
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml
index b9cb57a051..a799012d08 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml
@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Update CMake
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
+      # TEMPORARILY pin version because 3.26.0-rc1 is failing under macOS:
+      with:
+        cmake-version: '3.25.2'
 
     - name: Cache wheels
       if: runner.os == 'macOS'
@@ -297,6 +300,8 @@ jobs:
           - dev
         std:
           - 11
+        container_suffix:
+          - ""
         include:
           - clang: 5
             std: 14
@@ -310,9 +315,12 @@ jobs:
             std: 20
           - clang: 14
             std: 20
+          - clang: 15
+            std: 20
+            container_suffix: "-bullseye"
 
     name: "🐍 3 • Clang ${{ matrix.clang }} • C++${{ matrix.std }} • x64"
-    container: "silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.clang }}"
+    container: "silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.clang }}${{ matrix.container_suffix }}"
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -784,7 +792,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
 
     - name: Prepare MSVC
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.0
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.1
       with:
         arch: x86
 
@@ -838,7 +846,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
 
     - name: Prepare MSVC
-      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.0
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1.12.1
       with:
         arch: x86
 
@@ -1093,6 +1101,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Update CMake
         uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.13
+        # TEMPORARILY pin version because 3.26.0-rc1 is failing under macOS:
+        with:
+          cmake-version: '3.25.2'
 
       - name: Run pip installs
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml.patch b/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml.patch
index 2dfb52fd3f..d61120171e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml.patch
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_sh_def.yml.patch
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
---- ci.yml	2023-01-03 19:40:01.489281529 -0800
-+++ ci_sh_def.yml	2023-01-03 19:40:50.224704081 -0800
+--- ci.yml	2023-02-07 05:27:15.243868883 -0800
++++ ci_sh_def.yml	2023-02-07 05:46:44.201895973 -0800
 @@ -1,4 +1,16 @@
 -name: CI
 +# PLEASE KEEP THIS GROUP OF FILES IN SYNC AT ALL TIMES:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    cancel-in-progress: true
  
  env:
-@@ -114,6 +126,7 @@
+@@ -117,6 +129,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
          ${{ matrix.args }}
  
      - name: Build C++11
-@@ -143,6 +156,7 @@
+@@ -146,6 +159,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
          ${{ matrix.args }}
  
      - name: Build
-@@ -164,6 +178,7 @@
+@@ -167,6 +181,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
          -DPYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION=10000000
          "-DPYBIND11_TEST_OVERRIDE=test_call_policies.cpp;test_gil_scoped.cpp;test_thread.cpp"
          ${{ matrix.args }}
-@@ -251,6 +266,7 @@
+@@ -254,6 +269,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
  
      - name: Build
        run: cmake --build build -j 2
-@@ -311,6 +327,7 @@
+@@ -319,6 +335,7 @@
          -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.std }}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
  
      - name: Build
-@@ -340,7 +357,7 @@
+@@ -348,7 +365,7 @@
        run: apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" apt-get install -y cmake git python3-dev python3-pytest python3-numpy
  
      - name: Configure
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
  
      - name: Build
        run: cmake --build build -j2 --verbose
-@@ -420,7 +437,7 @@
+@@ -428,7 +445,7 @@
          cmake3 -S . -B build -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON \
                              -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 \
                              -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)") \
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
                              -DPYBIND11_TEST_FILTER="test_smart_ptr.cpp"
  
      # Building before installing Pip should produce a warning but not an error
-@@ -479,6 +496,7 @@
+@@ -487,6 +504,7 @@
          -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.std }}
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
  
      - name: Build
-@@ -534,6 +552,7 @@
+@@ -542,6 +560,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON     \
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=OFF    \
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11             \
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
          -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(which icpc)  \
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
  
-@@ -566,6 +585,7 @@
+@@ -574,6 +593,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON     \
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=OFF    \
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17             \
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
          -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(which icpc)  \
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
  
-@@ -633,6 +653,7 @@
+@@ -641,6 +661,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
  
      - name: Build
-@@ -683,6 +704,7 @@
+@@ -691,6 +712,7 @@
          cmake ../pybind11-tests
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
          -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)")
        working-directory: /build-tests
  
-@@ -778,6 +800,7 @@
+@@ -786,6 +808,7 @@
          -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
          ${{ matrix.args }}
      - name: Build C++11
        run: cmake --build build -j 2
-@@ -832,6 +855,7 @@
+@@ -840,6 +863,7 @@
          -DPYBIND11_WERROR=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
          ${{ matrix.args }}
      - name: Build C++11
        run: cmake --build build --config Debug -j 2
-@@ -872,6 +896,7 @@
+@@ -880,6 +904,7 @@
          -DDOWNLOAD_CATCH=ON
          -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
          -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=20
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
  
      - name: Build C++20
        run: cmake --build build -j 2
-@@ -919,7 +944,7 @@
+@@ -927,7 +952,7 @@
      - name: Configure C++11
        # LTO leads to many undefined reference like
        # `pybind11::detail::function_call::function_call(pybind11::detail::function_call&&)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
  
      - name: Build C++11
        run: cmake --build build -j 2
-@@ -937,7 +962,7 @@
+@@ -945,7 +970,7 @@
        run: git clean -fdx
  
      - name: Configure C++14
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
  
      - name: Build C++14
        run: cmake --build build2 -j 2
-@@ -955,7 +980,7 @@
+@@ -963,7 +988,7 @@
        run: git clean -fdx
  
      - name: Configure C++17
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
  
      - name: Build C++17
        run: cmake --build build3 -j 2
-@@ -1022,6 +1047,7 @@
+@@ -1030,6 +1055,7 @@
            -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++
            -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
  
        - name: Build
          run: cmake --build . -j 2
-@@ -1087,6 +1113,7 @@
+@@ -1098,6 +1124,7 @@
            -DDOWNLOAD_EIGEN=ON
            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++
            -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index ebbd5dfd33..179b9a0740 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -49,47 +49,47 @@ repos:
 
 # Nicely sort includes
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-  rev: "5.11.4"
+  rev: "5.12.0"
   hooks:
   - id: isort
 
 # Black, the code formatter, natively supports pre-commit
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: "22.12.0" # Keep in sync with blacken-docs
+  rev: "23.1.0" # Keep in sync with blacken-docs
   hooks:
   - id: black
 
 # Also code format the docs
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/blacken-docs
-  rev: "v1.12.1"
+  rev: "1.13.0"
   hooks:
   - id: blacken-docs
     additional_dependencies:
-    - black==22.10.0 # keep in sync with black hook
+    - black==23.1.0 # keep in sync with black hook
 
 # Changes tabs to spaces
 - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: "v1.3.1"
+  rev: "v1.4.2"
   hooks:
   - id: remove-tabs
     exclude: (^docs/.*|\.patch)?$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/sirosen/texthooks
-  rev: "0.4.0"
+  rev: "0.5.0"
   hooks:
   - id: fix-ligatures
   - id: fix-smartquotes
 
 # Autoremoves unused imports
 - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
-  rev: "v2.1.2"
+  rev: "v2.1.3"
   hooks:
   - id: pycln
     stages: [manual]
 
 # Checking for common mistakes
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
-  rev: "v1.9.0"
+  rev: "v1.10.0"
   hooks:
   - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
   - id: python-check-blanket-type-ignore
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ repos:
 
 # PyLint has native support - not always usable, but works for us
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint
-  rev: "v2.15.9"
+  rev: "v2.16.1"
   hooks:
   - id: pylint
     files: ^pybind11
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ repos:
 
 # Clang format the codebase automatically
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-  rev: "v15.0.6"
+  rev: "v15.0.7"
   hooks:
   - id: clang-format
     types_or: [c++, c, cuda]
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 2da6773f4f..cdb9f63069 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -358,7 +358,6 @@ def clean_up(app, exception):
 
 
 def setup(app):
-
     # Add hook for building doxygen xml when needed
     app.connect("builder-inited", generate_doxygen_xml)
 
diff --git a/include/pybind11/detail/class.h b/include/pybind11/detail/class.h
index 2339b7b787..e76b4046d6 100644
--- a/include/pybind11/detail/class.h
+++ b/include/pybind11/detail/class.h
@@ -447,9 +447,17 @@ inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
 /// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
 /// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
 extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+
+    // If this is a GC tracked object, untrack it first
+    // Note that the track call is implicitly done by the
+    // default tp_alloc, which we never override.
+    if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC) != 0) {
+        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    }
+
     clear_instance(self);
 
-    auto *type = Py_TYPE(self);
     type->tp_free(self);
 
 #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
diff --git a/include/pybind11/embed.h b/include/pybind11/embed.h
index 749c75beb6..8450d53589 100644
--- a/include/pybind11/embed.h
+++ b/include/pybind11/embed.h
@@ -198,9 +198,10 @@ inline void initialize_interpreter(bool init_signal_handlers = true,
         init_signal_handlers, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
 #else
     PyConfig config;
-    PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(&config);
-    config.isolated = 0;
-    config.use_environment = 1;
+    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+    // See PR #4473 for background
+    config.parse_argv = 0;
+
     config.install_signal_handlers = init_signal_handlers ? 1 : 0;
     initialize_interpreter(&config, argc, argv, add_program_dir_to_path);
 #endif
@@ -253,13 +254,16 @@ inline void finalize_interpreter() {
     if (builtins.contains(id) && isinstance<capsule>(builtins[id])) {
         internals_ptr_ptr = capsule(builtins[id]);
     }
+
+    Py_Finalize();
+
     // Local internals contains data managed by the current interpreter, so we must clear them to
     // avoid undefined behaviors when initializing another interpreter
+    // Must be cleared only after Py_Finalize() so atexit and other hooks can still use
+    // registered_types
     detail::get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp.clear();
     detail::get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators.clear();
 
-    Py_Finalize();
-
     if (internals_ptr_ptr) {
         delete *internals_ptr_ptr;
         *internals_ptr_ptr = nullptr;
diff --git a/include/pybind11/gil.h b/include/pybind11/gil.h
index cb0028d505..570a5581d5 100644
--- a/include/pybind11/gil.h
+++ b/include/pybind11/gil.h
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ class gil_scoped_release {
         }
     }
 
-    gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
-    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
 
     /// This method will disable the PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent call and the
     /// GIL won't be acquired. This method should be used if the interpreter
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class gil_scoped_release {
 public:
     gil_scoped_release() : state{PyEval_SaveThread()} {}
     gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
-    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
     ~gil_scoped_release() { PyEval_RestoreThread(state); }
     void disarm() {}
 };
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class gil_scoped_release {
         (void) (this != (this + 1));
     }
     gil_scoped_release(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
-    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire &) = delete;
+    gil_scoped_release &operator=(const gil_scoped_release &) = delete;
     void disarm() {}
 };
 
diff --git a/pybind11/__main__.py b/pybind11/__main__.py
index 8c89533843..e87b16beb4 100644
--- a/pybind11/__main__.py
+++ b/pybind11/__main__.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ def print_includes() -> None:
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--includes",
diff --git a/pybind11/setup_helpers.py b/pybind11/setup_helpers.py
index 1fd04b9154..1db4795327 100644
--- a/pybind11/setup_helpers.py
+++ b/pybind11/setup_helpers.py
@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ def _add_ldflags(self, flags: List[str]) -> None:
         self.extra_link_args[:0] = flags
 
     def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-
         self._cxx_level = 0
         cxx_std = kwargs.pop("cxx_std", 0)
 
@@ -174,7 +173,6 @@ def cxx_std(self) -> int:
 
     @cxx_std.setter
     def cxx_std(self, level: int) -> None:
-
         if self._cxx_level:
             warnings.warn("You cannot safely change the cxx_level after setting it!")
 
@@ -439,7 +437,6 @@ def compile_function(
             extra_postargs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
             depends: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         ) -> Any:
-
             # These lines are directly from distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler
             macros, objects, extra_postargs, pp_opts, build = compiler._setup_compile(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 output_dir, macros, include_dirs, sources, depends, extra_postargs
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 402fd4b25b..c24d51d4d1 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -11,11 +11,17 @@
 import os
 import re
 import textwrap
+import traceback
 
 import pytest
 
 # Early diagnostic for failed imports
-import pybind11_tests
+try:
+    import pybind11_tests
+except Exception:
+    # pytest does not show the traceback without this.
+    traceback.print_exc()
+    raise
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
diff --git a/tests/extra_python_package/test_files.py b/tests/extra_python_package/test_files.py
index ead545bd05..cceae2b2b4 100644
--- a/tests/extra_python_package/test_files.py
+++ b/tests/extra_python_package/test_files.py
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ def normalize_line_endings(value: bytes) -> bytes:
 
 
 def test_build_sdist(monkeypatch, tmpdir):
-
     monkeypatch.chdir(MAIN_DIR)
 
     subprocess.run(
@@ -194,7 +193,6 @@ def test_build_sdist(monkeypatch, tmpdir):
 
 
 def test_build_global_dist(monkeypatch, tmpdir):
-
     monkeypatch.chdir(MAIN_DIR)
     monkeypatch.setenv("PYBIND11_GLOBAL_SDIST", "1")
     subprocess.run(
diff --git a/tests/test_chrono.py b/tests/test_chrono.py
index 7f47b37a25..a29316c38d 100644
--- a/tests/test_chrono.py
+++ b/tests/test_chrono.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 
 def test_chrono_system_clock():
-
     # Get the time from both c++ and datetime
     date0 = datetime.datetime.today()
     date1 = m.test_chrono1()
@@ -122,7 +121,6 @@ def test_chrono_system_clock_roundtrip_time(time1, tz, monkeypatch):
 
 
 def test_chrono_duration_roundtrip():
-
     # Get the difference between two times (a timedelta)
     date1 = datetime.datetime.today()
     date2 = datetime.datetime.today()
@@ -143,7 +141,6 @@ def test_chrono_duration_roundtrip():
 
 
 def test_chrono_duration_subtraction_equivalence():
-
     date1 = datetime.datetime.today()
     date2 = datetime.datetime.today()
 
@@ -154,7 +151,6 @@ def test_chrono_duration_subtraction_equivalence():
 
 
 def test_chrono_duration_subtraction_equivalence_date():
-
     date1 = datetime.date.today()
     date2 = datetime.date.today()
 
diff --git a/tests/test_class.py b/tests/test_class.py
index 9c964e001b..64abac133c 100644
--- a/tests/test_class.py
+++ b/tests/test_class.py
@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ def test_inheritance(msg):
 
 
 def test_inheritance_init(msg):
-
     # Single base
     class Python(m.Pet):
         def __init__(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_custom_type_casters.py b/tests/test_custom_type_casters.py
index adfa6cf86e..731380e46a 100644
--- a/tests/test_custom_type_casters.py
+++ b/tests/test_custom_type_casters.py
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ def test_noconvert_args(msg):
 
 def test_custom_caster_destruction():
     """Tests that returning a pointer to a type that gets converted with a custom type caster gets
-    destroyed when the function has py::return_value_policy::take_ownership policy applied."""
+    destroyed when the function has py::return_value_policy::take_ownership policy applied.
+    """
 
     cstats = m.destruction_tester_cstats()
     # This one *doesn't* have take_ownership: the pointer should be used but not destroyed:
diff --git a/tests/test_eigen_tensor.py b/tests/test_eigen_tensor.py
index dc8aa4643e..cd54efa069 100644
--- a/tests/test_eigen_tensor.py
+++ b/tests/test_eigen_tensor.py
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ def assert_equal_tensor_ref(mat, writeable=True, modified=None):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("member_name", ["member", "member_view"])
 def test_reference_internal(m, member_name):
-
     if not hasattr(sys, "getrefcount"):
         pytest.skip("No reference counting")
     foo = m.CustomExample()
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ def test_convert_tensor_to_py(m, func_name):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 def test_bad_cpp_to_python_casts(m):
-
     with pytest.raises(
         RuntimeError, match="Cannot use reference internal when there is no parent"
     ):
@@ -131,7 +129,6 @@ def test_bad_cpp_to_python_casts(m):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 def test_bad_python_to_cpp_casts(m):
-
     with pytest.raises(
         TypeError, match=r"^round_trip_tensor\(\): incompatible function arguments"
     ):
@@ -194,7 +191,6 @@ def test_bad_python_to_cpp_casts(m):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 def test_references_actually_refer(m):
-
     a = m.reference_tensor()
     temp = a[indices]
     a[indices] = 100
@@ -211,7 +207,6 @@ def test_references_actually_refer(m):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 def test_round_trip(m):
-
     assert_equal_tensor_ref(m.round_trip_tensor(tensor_ref))
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="^Cannot cast array data from"):
@@ -260,7 +255,6 @@ def test_round_trip(m):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("m", submodules)
 def test_round_trip_references_actually_refer(m):
-
     # Need to create a copy that matches the type on the C side
     copy = np.array(tensor_ref, dtype=np.float64, order=m.needed_options)
     a = m.round_trip_view_tensor(copy)
diff --git a/tests/test_embed/test_interpreter.cpp b/tests/test_embed/test_interpreter.cpp
index f48b883a53..833f6cbd2c 100644
--- a/tests/test_embed/test_interpreter.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_embed/test_interpreter.cpp
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Custom PyConfig") {
     py::initialize_interpreter();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("Custom PyConfig with argv") {
+TEST_CASE("scoped_interpreter with PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig and argv") {
     py::finalize_interpreter();
     {
         PyConfig config;
@@ -199,6 +199,26 @@ TEST_CASE("Custom PyConfig with argv") {
     }
     py::initialize_interpreter();
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("scoped_interpreter with PyConfig_InitPythonConfig and argv") {
+    py::finalize_interpreter();
+    {
+        PyConfig config;
+        PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+
+        // `initialize_interpreter() overrides the default value for config.parse_argv (`1`) by
+        // changing it to `0`. This test exercises `scoped_interpreter` with the default config.
+        char *argv[] = {strdup("a.out"), strdup("arg1")};
+        py::scoped_interpreter argv_scope(&config, 2, argv);
+        std::free(argv[0]);
+        std::free(argv[1]);
+        auto module = py::module::import("test_interpreter");
+        auto py_widget = module.attr("DerivedWidget")("The question");
+        const auto &cpp_widget = py_widget.cast<const Widget &>();
+        REQUIRE(cpp_widget.argv0() == "arg1");
+    }
+    py::initialize_interpreter();
+}
 #endif
 
 TEST_CASE("Add program dir to path pre-PyConfig") {
diff --git a/tests/test_local_bindings.py b/tests/test_local_bindings.py
index 654d96d490..d641877396 100644
--- a/tests/test_local_bindings.py
+++ b/tests/test_local_bindings.py
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ def test_stl_bind_global():
 def test_mixed_local_global():
     """Local types take precedence over globally registered types: a module with a `module_local`
     type can be registered even if the type is already registered globally.  With the module,
-    casting will go to the local type; outside the module casting goes to the global type."""
+    casting will go to the local type; outside the module casting goes to the global type.
+    """
     import pybind11_cross_module_tests as cm
 
     m.register_mixed_global()
diff --git a/tests/test_modules.py b/tests/test_modules.py
index e11d68e78e..c3e8cea6e1 100644
--- a/tests/test_modules.py
+++ b/tests/test_modules.py
@@ -107,11 +107,10 @@ def test_def_submodule_failures():
         sm_name_orig = sm.__name__
         sm.__name__ = malformed_utf8
         try:
-            with pytest.raises(Exception):
-                # Seen with Python 3.9: SystemError: nameless module
-                # But we do not want to exercise the internals of PyModule_GetName(), which could
-                # change in future versions of Python, but a bad __name__ is very likely to cause
-                # some kind of failure indefinitely.
+            # We want to assert that a bad __name__ causes some kind of failure, although we do not want to exercise
+            # the internals of PyModule_GetName(). Currently all supported Python versions raise SystemError. If that
+            # changes in future Python versions, simply add the new expected exception types here.
+            with pytest.raises(SystemError):
                 m.def_submodule(sm, b"SubSubModuleName")
         finally:
             # Clean up to ensure nothing gets upset by a module with an invalid __name__.
diff --git a/tests/test_operator_overloading.py b/tests/test_operator_overloading.py
index b228da3cc3..9fde305a03 100644
--- a/tests/test_operator_overloading.py
+++ b/tests/test_operator_overloading.py
@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ def test_nested():
 
 
 def test_overriding_eq_reset_hash():
-
     assert m.Comparable(15) is not m.Comparable(15)
     assert m.Comparable(15) == m.Comparable(15)