Add optional prefer-typing-namedtuple message (#8681)

Closes #8660

Author: jacobtylerwalls

doc/data/messages/p/prefer-typing-namedtuple/bad.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+Philosophy = namedtuple(  # [prefer-typing-namedtuple]
+    "Philosophy", ("goodness", "truth", "beauty")
+)

doc/data/messages/p/prefer-typing-namedtuple/good.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Philosophy(NamedTuple):
+    goodness: str
+    truth: bool
+    beauty: float

doc/data/messages/p/prefer-typing-namedtuple/pylintrc

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[MAIN]
+load-plugins = pylint.extensions.code_style

doc/data/messages/p/prefer-typing-namedtuple/related.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- `typing.NamedTuple <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.NamedTuple>`_

doc/whatsnew/fragments/8660.extension

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Add new ``prefer-typing-namedtuple`` message to the ``CodeStyleChecker`` to suggest
+rewriting calls to ``collections.namedtuple`` as classes inheriting from ``typing.NamedTuple``
+on Python 3.6+.
+
+Requires ``load-plugins=pylint.extensions.code_style`` and ``enable=prefer-typing-namedtuple`` to be raised.
+
+Closes #8660

pylint/checkers/classes/class_checker.py

@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import collections
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from functools import cached_property
 from itertools import chain, zip_longest
 from re import Pattern
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, Union
 
 import astroid
 from astroid import bases, nodes, util
@@ -63,12 +62,19 @@
 # Dealing with useless override detection, with regard
 # to parameters vs arguments
 
-_CallSignature = collections.namedtuple(
-    "_CallSignature", "args kws starred_args starred_kws"
-)
-_ParameterSignature = collections.namedtuple(
-    "_ParameterSignature", "args kwonlyargs varargs kwargs"
-)
+
+class _CallSignature(NamedTuple):
+    args: list[str | None]
+    kws: dict[str | None, str | None]
+    starred_args: list[str]
+    starred_kws: list[str]
+
+
+class _ParameterSignature(NamedTuple):
+    args: list[str]
+    kwonlyargs: list[str]
+    varargs: str
+    kwargs: str
 
 
 def _signature_from_call(call: nodes.Call) -> _CallSignature:

pylint/extensions/code_style.py

@@ -69,6 +69,17 @@ class CodeStyleChecker(BaseChecker):
                 "default_enabled": False,
             },
         ),
+        "R6105": (
+            "Prefer 'typing.NamedTuple' over 'collections.namedtuple'",
+            "prefer-typing-namedtuple",
+            "'typing.NamedTuple' uses the well-known 'class' keyword "
+            "with type-hints for readability (it's also faster as it avoids "
+            "an internal exec call).\n"
+            "Disabled by default!",
+            {
+                "default_enabled": False,
+            },
+        ),
     }
     options = (
         (
@@ -89,12 +100,22 @@ class CodeStyleChecker(BaseChecker):
 
     def open(self) -> None:
         py_version = self.linter.config.py_version
+        self._py36_plus = py_version >= (3, 6)
         self._py38_plus = py_version >= (3, 8)
         self._max_length: int = (
             self.linter.config.max_line_length_suggestions
             or self.linter.config.max_line_length
         )
 
+    @only_required_for_messages("prefer-typing-namedtuple")
+    def visit_call(self, node: nodes.Call) -> None:
+        if self._py36_plus:
+            called = safe_infer(node.func)
+            if called and called.qname() == "collections.namedtuple":
+                self.add_message(
+                    "prefer-typing-namedtuple", node=node, confidence=INFERENCE
+                )
+
     @only_required_for_messages("consider-using-namedtuple-or-dataclass")
     def visit_dict(self, node: nodes.Dict) -> None:
         self._check_dict_consider_namedtuple_dataclass(node)

tests/functional/ext/code_style/cs_prefer_typing_namedtuple.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-docstring
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+NoteHash = namedtuple('NoteHash', ['Pitch', 'Duration', 'Offset'])  # [prefer-typing-namedtuple]
+
+class SearchMatch(
+    namedtuple('SearchMatch', ['els', 'index', 'iterator'])  # [prefer-typing-namedtuple]
+):
+    """Adapted from primer package `music21`."""

tests/functional/ext/code_style/cs_prefer_typing_namedtuple.rc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[MAIN]
+load-plugins=pylint.extensions.code_style
+enable=prefer-typing-namedtuple

tests/functional/ext/code_style/cs_prefer_typing_namedtuple.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+prefer-typing-namedtuple:4:11:4:66::Prefer 'typing.NamedTuple' over 'collections.namedtuple':INFERENCE
+prefer-typing-namedtuple:7:4:7:59:SearchMatch:Prefer 'typing.NamedTuple' over 'collections.namedtuple':INFERENCE