diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index e27ef4cb27..b42d81a8f9 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -287,6 +287,11 @@ Release date: TBA
 
   Closes #4716
 
+* Fix false positive for ``used-before-assignment`` when an except handler
+  shares a name with a test in a filtered comprehension.
+
+  Closes #5817
+
 * Fix crash in ``unnecessary-dict-index-lookup`` checker if the output of
   ``items()`` is assigned to a 1-tuple.
 
diff --git a/doc/whatsnew/2.13.rst b/doc/whatsnew/2.13.rst
index 57afc70fa2..fa5b162ce8 100644
--- a/doc/whatsnew/2.13.rst
+++ b/doc/whatsnew/2.13.rst
@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@ Other Changes
 
   Closes #4716
 
+* Fix false positive for ``used-before-assignment`` when an except handler
+  shares a name with a test in a filtered comprehension.
+
+  Closes #5817
+
 * Fix a crash in ``unused-private-member`` checker when analyzing code using
   ``type(self)`` in bound methods.
 
diff --git a/pylint/checkers/variables.py b/pylint/checkers/variables.py
index 90eee481f0..836d1947e3 100644
--- a/pylint/checkers/variables.py
+++ b/pylint/checkers/variables.py
@@ -646,7 +646,12 @@ def get_next_to_consume(self, node: nodes.Name) -> Optional[List[nodes.NodeNG]]:
             found_nodes = None
 
         # Filter out assignments in ExceptHandlers that node is not contained in
-        if found_nodes:
+        # unless this is a test in a filtered comprehension
+        # Example: [e for e in range(3) if e] <--- followed by except e:
+        if found_nodes and (
+            not isinstance(parent_node, nodes.Comprehension)
+            or node not in parent_node.ifs
+        ):
             found_nodes = [
                 n
                 for n in found_nodes
diff --git a/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_issue626.py b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_issue626.py
index c98632b7f7..cb9fc100e6 100644
--- a/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_issue626.py
+++ b/tests/functional/u/used/used_before_assignment_issue626.py
@@ -42,3 +42,10 @@ def main4():
         pass
 
     print(e)  # [used-before-assignment]
+
+
+def main5():
+    try:
+        print([e for e in range(3) if e])
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(e)