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+ ########################## List(Array) ##########################
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+
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+ # empty list
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+ my_list = []
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+
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+ # list of integers
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+ my_list = [1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]
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+
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+ # list with mixed datatypes
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+ my_list = [1 , "Hello" , 3.4 , 2 , 'World' ]
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+
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+ # nested list
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+ my_list = ["mouse" , [8 , 4 , 6 ], ['a' ], ['x' , 'y' , 'z' ]]
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+
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+
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+ # Index if list
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+ my_list = ['H' , 'L' , 'L' , 'O' ]
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+ print (my_list [0 ])
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+ # Output : H
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+ print (my_list [3 ])
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+ # Output: O
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+ print (my_list [- 1 ])
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+ # Output: O
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+ print (my_list [- 0 ])
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+ # Output: H
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+ print (my_list [- 4 ])
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+ # Output: H
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+
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+
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+ # Nested List
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+ n_list = ["Happy" , [2 ,0 ,1 ,5 ]]
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+
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+ # Nested indexing
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+
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+ print (n_list [0 ][1 ])
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+ # Output: a
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+
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+ print (n_list [1 ][3 ])
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+ # Output: 5
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+
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+ num_list = [1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]
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+ print (num_list [0 :3 ])
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+ # Output : [1, 2, 3]
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+ print (num_list [2 :])
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+ # Output : [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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+ print (num_list [:3 ])
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+ # Output: [1, 2, 3]
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+ print (num_list [:- 1 ])
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+ # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
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+
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+ # Inverse the list
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+ print (num_list [::- 1 ])
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+ # Output : [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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+ print (* reversed (num_list )) # 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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+
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+ ############ How to store value into the list
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+ my_list = [] # declare the empty list
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+ n = int (input ('Enter the size of list : ' ))
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+ for i in range (n ):
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+ a = int (input ())
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+ my_list .append (a )
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+
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+ print (my_list )
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+ ''' Input and Output:
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+ Enter the size of list : 5
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+ 1
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+ 2
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+ 3
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+ 4
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+ 5
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+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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+ '''
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+ #You can store value this way:
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+ my_list = list (map (int , input ().split ())) # after new line value store will be ended
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+ print (my_list )
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+ '''
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+ Input:
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+ 7 8 9 6 5 4
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+
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+ Output:
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+ [7, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4]
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+ '''
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+
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+
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+ my_list = [5 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 ]
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+ # sort the list
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+ my_list .sort ()
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+ print (my_list ) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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+
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+ my_list = [3 , 4 , 2 , 5 , 1 ]
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+ my_list .remove (4 )
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+ print (my_list ) # [3, 2, 5, 1]
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+
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+
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+ ##Insert an element at specific index in a list and return updated list
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+ a = [1 , 2 , 4 ]
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+ a .insert (2 , 3 ) # insert 3 in index 2
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+ b = a [:]
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+ print (b ) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
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+
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+ ### or
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+ a = [1 , 2 , 4 ]
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+ b = a [:2 ] + [3 ] + a [2 :]
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+ print (b ) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
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+
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+ ''' This note has taken from this side : https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/list
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+
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+ append() - Add an element to the end of the list
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+ extend() - Add all elements of a list to the another list
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+ insert() - Insert an item at the defined index
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+ remove() - Removes an item from the list
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+ pop() - Removes and returns an element at the given index
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+ clear() - Removes all items from the list
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+ index() - Returns the index of the first matched item
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+ count() - Returns the count of number of items passed as an argument
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+ sort() - Sort items in a list in ascending order
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+ reverse() - Reverse the order of items in the list
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+ copy() - Returns a shallow copy of the list
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+
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+ '''
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 6 ]
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+ list_arr .extend ([33 , 777 ])
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+ print (list_arr )
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+
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 6 ]
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+ list_arr .pop ()
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+ print (list_arr ) # [1, 7, 4, 5, 9]
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+ list_arr .pop (1 )
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+ print (list_arr ) # [1, 4, 5, 9]
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 6 ]
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+ list_arr .clear ()
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+ print (list_arr ) # []
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+
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 6 ]
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+ idx = list_arr .index (9 )
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+ print (idx ) # 4
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+
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 ,1 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,2 ,5 ]
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+ print (list_arr .count (1 )) # 3
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+
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+
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+ list_arr = [1 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 6 ]
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+ copy_list_arr = list_arr .copy ()
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+ print (copy_list_arr ) # [1, 7, 4, 5, 9, 6]
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+
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+
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+ ## Find largest number from the list
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+ list_arr = [1 ,3 ,4 ,8 ,9 ,77 ]
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+ largest = max (list_arr )
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+ print (largest ) # 77
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+
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+
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+ ## Find small number from the list
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+ list_arr = [1 ,3 ,4 ,8 ,9 ,77 ]
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+ small = min (list_arr )
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+ print (small ) # 1
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+
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+
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+ # delete entire list
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+ #del my_list
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+
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+ # NameError: name 'my_list' is not defined
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+ #print(my_list)
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+
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+
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+ ########################### String ###############################
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+ '''
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+ H e l l o
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+ 0 1 2 3 4
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+ -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
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+
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+ '''
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+
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+ # all of the following are equivalent
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+ my_string = 'Hello'
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+ print (my_string )
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+
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+ my_string = "Hello"
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+ print (my_string )
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+
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+ my_string = '''Hello'''
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+ print (my_string )
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+
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+ # triple quotes string can extend multiple lines
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+ my_string = """Hello, welcome to
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+ the world of Python"""
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+ print (my_string )
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+
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+ '''
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+ ### Output :
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+ Hello
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+ Hello
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+ Hello
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+ Hello, welcome to
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+ the world of Python
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+ '''
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+
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+
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+ my_string = "Hello"
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+ print (my_string [0 ]) # H
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+
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+ my_string = "Hello "
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+ my_string1 = "World!"
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+ string = my_string + my_string1
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+ print (string ) # Hello World!
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+
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+
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+ my_string = "I Love You"
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+ if 'I' in my_string :
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+ print ("Ok" ) # Ok
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+ else :
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+ print ("Not Ok!" )
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+
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+ my_string = "I Love You"
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+ if 'Love' in my_string :
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+ print ("Ok" ) # Ok
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+ else :
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+ print ("Not Ok!" )
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+
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+
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+ # Length of a string
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+ my_string = "Rezwan"
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+ print (len (my_string )) # 6
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+
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+
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+ print ('{0}, {1}, {2}' .format ("Rezwanul" , "Haque" , "Rezwan" )) # Rezwanul, Haque, Rezwan
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+
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+ print ('{}, {}, {}' .format ("Rezwanul" , "Haque" , "Rezwan" )) # Rezwanul, Haque, Rezwan
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+
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+ my_string = "I Love You"
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+ STr = my_string .replace ("Love" ,"Hate" )
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+ print (STr ) # I Hate You
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+
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+ ### Does Python have a string 'contains' substring method? (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3437059/does-python-have-a-string-contains-substring-method)
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+ s = "This be a string"
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+ if s .find ("is" ) == - 1 :
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+ print ( "No 'is' here!" )
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+ else :
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+ print ("Found 'is' in the string." ) # Found 'is' in the string.
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+
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+
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+ '''Important Link:
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+ (1) Is there a way to substring a string in Python? [ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/663171/is-there-a-way-to-substring-a-string-in-python ]
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+ (2) Generator Expressions vs. List Comprehension [ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47789/generator-expressions-vs-list-comprehension ]
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+
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+ '''
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+
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+
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+ '''
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+ ** You are now able to solve following online-judge problems.
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+ ------------------------------------------------------------
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+ (1) CodeForces | A. Straight «A»
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+ (2) Timus | 1000. A+B Problem
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+ (3) URI | 1026 - To Carry or not to Carry
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+ (4) HackerRank | String Split and Join
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+ (5) Spoj | ADDREV - Adding Reversed Numbers
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+ (6) CodeChef | Devu and an Array
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+ (7) HackerRank | Find a string
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+ (8) UVa | 11799 - Horror Dash
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+ (9) UVa | 10370 - Above Average
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+ (10) AtCoder | D - Walk and Teleport
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+ '''
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