Add Box<[T; N]>: TryFrom<Vec<T>>

We have `[T; N]: TryFrom<Vec<T>>` and `Box<[T; N]>: TryFrom<Box<[T]>>`, but not the combination.

`vec.into_boxed_slice().try_into()` isn't quite a replacement for this, as that'll reallocate unnecessarily in the error case.

**Insta-stable, so needs an FCP**

Author: scottmcm

Diff for: library/alloc/src/boxed.rs

@@ -1622,6 +1622,22 @@ impl<T, const N: usize> From<[T; N]> for Box<[T]> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Casts a boxed slice to a boxed array.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// `boxed_slice.len()` must be exactly `N`.
+unsafe fn boxed_slice_as_array_unchecked<T, A: Allocator, const N: usize>(
+    boxed_slice: Box<[T], A>,
+) -> Box<[T; N], A> {
+    debug_assert_eq!(boxed_slice.len(), N);
+
+    let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(boxed_slice);
+    // SAFETY: Pointer and allocator came from an existing box,
+    // and our safety condition requires that the length is exactly `N`
+    unsafe { Box::from_raw_in(ptr as *mut [T; N], alloc) }
+}
+
 #[stable(feature = "boxed_slice_try_from", since = "1.43.0")]
 impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Box<[T]>> for Box<[T; N]> {
     type Error = Box<[T]>;
@@ -1637,13 +1653,46 @@ impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Box<[T]>> for Box<[T; N]> {
     /// `boxed_slice.len()` does not equal `N`.
     fn try_from(boxed_slice: Box<[T]>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         if boxed_slice.len() == N {
-            Ok(unsafe { Box::from_raw(Box::into_raw(boxed_slice) as *mut [T; N]) })
+            Ok(unsafe { boxed_slice_as_array_unchecked(boxed_slice) })
         } else {
             Err(boxed_slice)
         }
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(no_global_oom_handling))]
+#[stable(feature = "boxed_array_try_from_vec", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
+impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Vec<T>> for Box<[T; N]> {
+    type Error = Vec<T>;
+
+    /// Attempts to convert a `Vec<T>` into a `Box<[T; N]>`.
+    ///
+    /// Like [`Vec::into_boxed_slice`], this is in-place if `vec.capacity() == N`,
+    /// but will require a reallocation otherwise.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns the original `Vec<T>` in the `Err` variant if
+    /// `boxed_slice.len()` does not equal `N`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// This can be used with [`vec!`] to create an array on the heap:
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let state: Box<[f32; 100]> = vec![1.0; 100].try_into().unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(state.len(), 100);
+    /// ```
+    fn try_from(vec: Vec<T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if vec.len() == N {
+            let boxed_slice = vec.into_boxed_slice();
+            Ok(unsafe { boxed_slice_as_array_unchecked(boxed_slice) })
+        } else {
+            Err(vec)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<A: Allocator> Box<dyn Any, A> {
     /// Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.
     ///