auto merge of #8638 : pnkfelix/rust/fsk-visitor-vpar-defaults-step5, r=huonw

"non-mechanical" : there was lots more hacking than the other more-mechanical ports Felix did.

r? @huonw.  (Or @nikomatsakis ; I just want someone to sanity-check this.  Its not a thing of beauty.)

Followup to #8623.  (See #8527, which was step 1 of 5, for the full outline.  Part of #7081.)

Notes on the change follow.

There's also a strange pattern that I hacked in to accommodate the
Outer/Inner traversal structure of the existing code (which was
previously encoding this by untying the Y-combinator style knot of the
vtable, and then retying it but superimposing new methods that "stop
at items").  I hope either I or someone else can come back in the
future and replace this ugliness with something more natural.

Added boilerplate macro; all the OuterLint definitions are the same
(but must be abstracted over implementing struct, thus the macro).

Revised lint.rs use declarations to make ast references explicit.
Also removed unused imports.

Author: bors