std: Implement stdio for std::io

This is an implementation of RFC 899 and adds stdio functionality to the new
`std::io` module. Details of the API can be found on the RFC, but from a high
level:

* `io::{stdin, stdout, stderr}` constructors are now available. There are also
  `*_raw` variants for unbuffered and unlocked access.
* All handles are globally shared (excluding raw variants).
* The stderr handle is no longer buffered.
* All handles can be explicitly locked (excluding the raw variants).

The `print!` and `println!` machinery has not yet been hooked up to these
streams just yet. The `std::fmt::output` module has also not yet been
implemented as part of this commit.

Author: alexcrichton

Diff for: src/liballoc/arc.rs

@@ -201,10 +201,11 @@ impl<T> Arc<T> {
 impl<T> Arc<T> {
     #[inline]
     fn inner(&self) -> &ArcInner<T> {
-        // This unsafety is ok because while this arc is alive we're guaranteed that the inner
-        // pointer is valid. Furthermore, we know that the `ArcInner` structure itself is `Sync`
-        // because the inner data is `Sync` as well, so we're ok loaning out an immutable pointer
-        // to these contents.
+        // This unsafety is ok because while this arc is alive we're guaranteed
+        // that the inner pointer is valid. Furthermore, we know that the
+        // `ArcInner` structure itself is `Sync` because the inner data is
+        // `Sync` as well, so we're ok loaning out an immutable pointer to these
+        // contents.
         unsafe { &**self._ptr }
     }
 }
@@ -236,13 +237,15 @@ impl<T> Clone for Arc<T> {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     fn clone(&self) -> Arc<T> {
-        // Using a relaxed ordering is alright here, as knowledge of the original reference
-        // prevents other threads from erroneously deleting the object.
+        // Using a relaxed ordering is alright here, as knowledge of the
+        // original reference prevents other threads from erroneously deleting
+        // the object.
         //
-        // As explained in the [Boost documentation][1], Increasing the reference counter can
-        // always be done with memory_order_relaxed: New references to an object can only be formed
-        // from an existing reference, and passing an existing reference from one thread to another
-        // must already provide any required synchronization.
+        // As explained in the [Boost documentation][1], Increasing the
+        // reference counter can always be done with memory_order_relaxed: New
+        // references to an object can only be formed from an existing
+        // reference, and passing an existing reference from one thread to
+        // another must already provide any required synchronization.
         //
         // [1]: (www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/doc/html/atomic/usage_examples.html)
         self.inner().strong.fetch_add(1, Relaxed);

Diff for: src/libstd/io/lazy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use prelude::v1::*;
+
+use boxed;
+use cell::UnsafeCell;
+use rt;
+use sync::{StaticMutex, Arc};
+
+pub struct Lazy<T> {
+    pub lock: StaticMutex,
+    pub ptr: UnsafeCell<*mut Arc<T>>,
+    pub init: fn() -> Arc<T>,
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> Sync for Lazy<T> {}
+
+macro_rules! lazy_init {
+    ($init:expr) => (::io::lazy::Lazy {
+        lock: ::sync::MUTEX_INIT,
+        ptr: ::cell::UnsafeCell { value: 0 as *mut _ },
+        init: $init,
+    })
+}
+
+impl<T: Send + Sync + 'static> Lazy<T> {
+    pub fn get(&'static self) -> Option<Arc<T>> {
+        let _g = self.lock.lock();
+        unsafe {
+            let mut ptr = *self.ptr.get();
+            if ptr.is_null() {
+                ptr = boxed::into_raw(self.init());
+                *self.ptr.get() = ptr;
+            } else if ptr as usize == 1 {
+                return None
+            }
+            Some((*ptr).clone())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn init(&'static self) -> Box<Arc<T>> {
+        rt::at_exit(move || unsafe {
+            let g = self.lock.lock();
+            let ptr = *self.ptr.get();
+            *self.ptr.get() = 1 as *mut _;
+            drop(g);
+            drop(Box::from_raw(ptr))
+        });
+        Box::new((self.init)())
+    }
+}

Diff for: src/libstd/io/mod.rs

@@ -39,13 +39,18 @@ pub use self::buffered::IntoInnerError;
 pub use self::cursor::Cursor;
 pub use self::error::{Result, Error, ErrorKind};
 pub use self::util::{copy, sink, Sink, empty, Empty, repeat, Repeat};
+pub use self::stdio::{stdin, stdout, stderr, Stdin, Stdout, Stderr};
+pub use self::stdio::{StdoutLock, StderrLock, StdinLock};
+
+#[macro_use] mod lazy;
 
 pub mod prelude;
 mod buffered;
 mod cursor;
 mod error;
 mod impls;
 mod util;
+mod stdio;
 
 const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;