A revised, improved alias-checker

The old system tried to ensure that the location an alias pointed at
would retain its type. That turned out to not be strong enough in the
face of aliases to the inside of tags.

The new system instead proves that values pointed to by aliases are
not replaced (or invalidated in some other way) at all. It knows of
two sufficient conditions for this, and tries to prove at least of
them:

A) The alias is 'immutably rooted' in a local, and this local is not
   reassigned for the lifetime of the alias. Immutably rooted means
   the alias refers to the local itself, or to something reachable
   from the local through immutable dereferencing.

B) No value whose type might include the type of the 'inner mutable
   element' of the thing the alias refers to (for example, the box in
   rec(mutable x = @mutable int)) is from the outer scope is accessed
   for the lifetime of the alias. This means for functions, no other
   argument types may include the alias's inner mutable type. For alt,
   for each, and for, it means the body does not refer to any locals
   originating from outside their scope that include this type.

The lifetime of an alias in an alt, for each, or for body is defined
as the range from its definition to its last use, not to the point
where it goes out of scope. This makes working around these
restrictions somewhat less annoying. For example, you can assign to
your alt-ed value you don't refer to any bindings afterwards.

Author: marijnh

src/comp/front/ast.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ type ident = str;
 type path_ = rec(vec[ident] idents, vec[@ty] types);
 type path = spanned[path_];
 
+fn path_name(&path p) -> str {
+    ret str::connect(p.node.idents, "::");
+}
+
 type crate_num = int;
 const crate_num local_crate = 0;
 type def_num = int;