Don't trust case class extractors with explicit type arguments

#6551 introduced an exception where type tests of parameterized case classes were not flagged
as "type test cannot be checked at runtime". The idea was that the parameters would be inferred
by GADT reasoning and would therefore be correct.

But with #15356 we now also allow explicit type arguments in extractors. If these are given
we cannot guarantee that a type test for a case class in an unapply will always succeed.
So we need an unchecked warning.

Author: odersky

Diff for: compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/ast/TreeInfo.scala

@@ -121,6 +121,12 @@ trait TreeInfo[T >: Untyped <: Type] { self: Trees.Instance[T] =>
     case _ => Nil
   }
 
+  /** Is tree explicitly parameterized with type arguments? */
+  def hasExplicitTypeArgs(tree: Tree): Boolean = tree match
+    case TypeApply(tycon, args) =>
+      args.exists(arg => !arg.span.isZeroExtent && !tycon.span.contains(arg.span))
+    case _ => false
+
   /** Is tree a path? */
   def isPath(tree: Tree): Boolean = unsplice(tree) match {
     case Ident(_) | This(_) | Super(_, _) => true

Diff for: compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/ConstraintHandling.scala

@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ trait ConstraintHandling {
   protected def necessaryConstraintsOnly(using Context): Boolean =
     ctx.mode.is(Mode.GadtConstraintInference) || myNecessaryConstraintsOnly
 
+  protected var trustBounds = true
+
   def checkReset() =
     assert(addConstraintInvocations == 0)
     assert(frozenConstraint == false)
@@ -260,12 +262,17 @@ trait ConstraintHandling {
         // If `isUpper` is true, ensure that `param <: `bound`, otherwise ensure
         // that `param >: bound`.
         val narrowedBounds =
-          val saved = homogenizeArgs
+          val savedHomogenizeArgs = homogenizeArgs
+          val savedTrustBounds = trustBounds
           homogenizeArgs = Config.alignArgsInAnd
           try
+            trustBounds = false
             if isUpper then oldBounds.derivedTypeBounds(lo, hi & bound)
             else oldBounds.derivedTypeBounds(lo | bound, hi)
-          finally homogenizeArgs = saved
+          finally
+            homogenizeArgs = savedHomogenizeArgs
+            trustBounds = savedTrustBounds
+        //println(i"narrow bounds for $param from $oldBounds to $narrowedBounds")
         val c1 = constraint.updateEntry(param, narrowedBounds)
         (c1 eq constraint)
         || {

Diff for: compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/TypeComparer.scala

@@ -536,7 +536,10 @@ class TypeComparer(@constructorOnly initctx: Context) extends ConstraintHandling
             || narrowGADTBounds(tp2, tp1, approx, isUpper = false))
           && (isBottom(tp1) || GADTusage(tp2.symbol))
 
-        isSubApproxHi(tp1, info2.lo) || compareGADT || tryLiftedToThis2 || fourthTry
+        isSubApproxHi(tp1, info2.lo) && (trustBounds || isSubApproxHi(tp1, info2.hi))
+        || compareGADT
+        || tryLiftedToThis2
+        || fourthTry
 
       case _ =>
         val cls2 = tp2.symbol
@@ -786,14 +789,15 @@ class TypeComparer(@constructorOnly initctx: Context) extends ConstraintHandling
     def fourthTry: Boolean = tp1 match {
       case tp1: TypeRef =>
         tp1.info match {
-          case TypeBounds(_, hi1) =>
+          case info1 @ TypeBounds(lo1, hi1) =>
             def compareGADT =
               tp1.symbol.onGadtBounds(gbounds1 =>
                 isSubTypeWhenFrozen(gbounds1.hi, tp2)
                 || narrowGADTBounds(tp1, tp2, approx, isUpper = true))
               && (tp2.isAny || GADTusage(tp1.symbol))
 
-            (!caseLambda.exists || canWidenAbstract) && isSubType(hi1, tp2, approx.addLow)
+            (!caseLambda.exists || canWidenAbstract)
+                && isSubType(hi1, tp2, approx.addLow) && (trustBounds || isSubType(lo1, tp2, approx.addLow))
             || compareGADT
             || tryLiftedToThis1
           case _ =>

Diff for: compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/PatternMatcher.scala

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-package dotty.tools.dotc
+package dotty.tools
+package dotc
 package transform
 
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
@@ -388,7 +389,9 @@ object PatternMatcher {
         case Typed(pat, tpt) =>
           val isTrusted = pat match {
             case UnApply(extractor, _, _) =>
-              extractor.symbol.is(Synthetic) && extractor.symbol.owner.linkedClass.is(Case)
+              extractor.symbol.is(Synthetic)
+              && extractor.symbol.owner.linkedClass.is(Case)
+              && !hasExplicitTypeArgs(extractor)
             case _ => false
           }
           TestPlan(TypeTest(tpt, isTrusted), scrutinee, tree.span,

Diff for: tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings/i15662.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+case class Composite[T](v: T)
+
+def m(composite: Composite[_]): Unit =
+  composite match {
+    case Composite[Int](v) => println(v)  // error: cannot be checked at runtime
+    case _ => println("OTHER")
+  }
+
+def m2(composite: Composite[_]): Unit =
+  composite match {
+    case Composite(v) => println(v)  // ok
+  }
+
+@main def Test =
+  m(Composite("This is String"))