Algorithm.swift

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Returns the lesser of two comparable values.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - x: A value to compare.
///   - y: Another value to compare.
/// - Returns: The lesser of `x` and `y`. If `x` is equal to `y`, returns `x`.
@inlinable
public func min<T : Comparable>(_ x: T, _ y: T) -> T {
  // In case `x == y` we pick `x`.
  // This preserves any pre-existing order in case `T` has identity,
  // which is important for e.g. the stability of sorting algorithms.
  // `(min(x, y), max(x, y))` should return `(x, y)` in case `x == y`.
  return y < x ? y : x
}

/// Returns the least argument passed.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - x: A value to compare.
///   - y: Another value to compare.
///   - z: A third value to compare.
///   - rest: Zero or more additional values.
/// - Returns: The least of all the arguments. If there are multiple equal
///   least arguments, the result is the first one.
@inlinable
public func min<T : Comparable>(_ x: T, _ y: T, _ z: T, _ rest: T...) -> T {
  var minValue = min(min(x, y), z)
  // In case `value == minValue`, we pick `minValue`. See min(_:_:).
  for value in rest where value < minValue {
    minValue = value
  }
  return minValue
}

/// Returns the greater of two comparable values.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - x: A value to compare.
///   - y: Another value to compare.
/// - Returns: The greater of `x` and `y`. If `x` is equal to `y`, returns `y`.
@inlinable
public func max<T : Comparable>(_ x: T, _ y: T) -> T {
  // In case `x == y`, we pick `y`. See min(_:_:).
  return y >= x ? y : x
}

/// Returns the greatest argument passed.
///
/// - Parameters:
///   - x: A value to compare.
///   - y: Another value to compare.
///   - z: A third value to compare.
///   - rest: Zero or more additional values.
/// - Returns: The greatest of all the arguments. If there are multiple equal
///   greatest arguments, the result is the last one.
@inlinable
public func max<T : Comparable>(_ x: T, _ y: T, _ z: T, _ rest: T...) -> T {
  var maxValue = max(max(x, y), z)
  // In case `value == maxValue`, we pick `value`. See min(_:_:).
  for value in rest where value >= maxValue {
    maxValue = value
  }
  return maxValue
}

/// The iterator for `EnumeratedSequence`.
///
/// An instance of `EnumeratedIterator` wraps a base iterator and yields
/// successive `Int` values, starting at zero, along with the elements of the
/// underlying base iterator. The following example enumerates the elements of
/// an array:
///
///     var iterator = ["foo", "bar"].enumerated().makeIterator()
///     iterator.next() // (0, "foo")
///     iterator.next() // (1, "bar")
///     iterator.next() // nil
///
/// To create an instance of `EnumeratedIterator`, call
/// `enumerated().makeIterator()` on a sequence or collection.
@_fixed_layout
public struct EnumeratedIterator<Base: IteratorProtocol> {
  @usableFromInline
  internal var _base: Base
  @usableFromInline
  internal var _count: Int

  /// Construct from a `Base` iterator.
  @inlinable
  internal init(_base: Base) {
    self._base = _base
    self._count = 0
  }
}

extension EnumeratedIterator: IteratorProtocol, Sequence {
  /// The type of element returned by `next()`.
  public typealias Element = (offset: Int, element: Base.Element)

  /// Advances to the next element and returns it, or `nil` if no next element
  /// exists.
  ///
  /// Once `nil` has been returned, all subsequent calls return `nil`.
  @inlinable
  public mutating func next() -> Element? {
    guard let b = _base.next() else { return nil }
    let result = (offset: _count, element: b)
    _count += 1 
    return result
  }
}

/// An enumeration of the elements of a sequence or collection.
///
/// `EnumeratedSequence` is a sequence of pairs (*n*, *x*), where *n*s are
/// consecutive `Int` values starting at zero, and *x*s are the elements of a
/// base sequence.
///
/// To create an instance of `EnumeratedSequence`, call `enumerated()` on a
/// sequence or collection. The following example enumerates the elements of
/// an array.
///
///     var s = ["foo", "bar"].enumerated()
///     for (n, x) in s {
///         print("\(n): \(x)")
///     }
///     // Prints "0: foo"
///     // Prints "1: bar"
@_fixed_layout
public struct EnumeratedSequence<Base: Sequence> {
  @usableFromInline
  internal var _base: Base

  /// Construct from a `Base` sequence.
  @inlinable
  internal init(_base: Base) {
    self._base = _base
  }
}

extension EnumeratedSequence: Sequence {
  /// Returns an iterator over the elements of this sequence.
  @inlinable
  public func makeIterator() -> EnumeratedIterator<Base.Iterator> {
    return EnumeratedIterator(_base: _base.makeIterator())
  }
}