Native image built with Gradle fails to start when spring-boot-devtools is included as developmentOnly dependency

[sureshg]

• Setup

plugins {
	id("org.springframework.boot") version "3.0.0-RC1"
	id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.0"
	id("org.graalvm.buildtools.native") version "0.9.16"
	id("com.github.ben-manes.versions") version "0.43.0"
	kotlin("jvm") version "1.7.20"
	kotlin("plugin.spring") version "1.7.20"
}
dependencies {
	implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator")
	implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
	implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-kotlin")
	implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect")
	implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
	developmentOnly("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools")
	testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
}
JDK:   java --version                                        
openjdk 19 2022-09-20
OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 23.0.0-dev (build 19+36-jvmci-23.0-b01)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM CE 23.0.0-dev (build 19+36-jvmci-23.0-b01, mixed mode, sharing)

Native image is created successfully but fails to start with the following exception. Have checked the documentation and didn't see anything mentioned about dev tools.

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to instantiate factory class [org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartScopeInitializer] for factory type [org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer]
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FailureHandler.lambda$throwing$0(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:650)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FailureHandler.lambda$handleMessage$3(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:674)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.instantiateFactory(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:231)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:206)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:160)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:459)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplication.java:455)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<init>(SpringApplication.java:273)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.<init>(SpringApplication.java:252)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1302)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1291)
        at dev.xxx.springnative.SpringNativeApplicationKt.main(SpringNativeApplication.kt:13)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartScopeInitializer
        at java.base@19/java.lang.Class.forName(DynamicHub.java:1138)
        at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:283)
        at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.instantiateFactory(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:224)
        ... 9 more

• Native Image compilation log

[native-image-plugin] GraalVM Toolchain detection is disabled
[native-image-plugin] GraalVM location read from environment variable: JAVA_HOME
[native-image-plugin] Native Image executable path: /Users/xxxx/install/graalvm/graalvm-ce-java19-23.0.0-dev/Contents/Home/lib/svm/bin/native-image
========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'spring-native' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
[1/7] Initializing...                                                                                   (14.4s @ 0.28GB)
 Version info: 'GraalVM 23.0.0-dev Java 19 CE'
 Java version info: '19+36-jvmci-23.0-b01'
 C compiler: cc (apple, arm64, 14.0.0)
 Garbage collector: Serial GC
 1 user-specific feature(s)
 - org.springframework.aot.nativex.feature.PreComputeFieldFeature
Field org.springframework.core.NativeDetector#imageCode set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinPresent set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinReflectPresent set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService#jsr354Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#romePresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jaxb2Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2Present set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#gsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jsonbPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver#jstlPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment#jndiPresent set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils#jsfPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder#jsfPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter#reactiveStreamsPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.format.WebConversionService#JSR_354_PRESENT set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jaxb2Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2Present set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#gsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jsonbPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#reactorPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#rxjava3Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#kotlinCoroutinesPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#mutinyPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#romePresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jaxb2Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2Present set to true at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#gsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jsonbPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time
Processing of field org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ReactiveTypeHandler#isContextPropagationPresent skipped due the following error : org.slf4j.spi.SLF4JServiceProvider: ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.LogbackServiceProvider not a subtype
Field org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.web.annotation.DiscoveredWebOperation#REACTIVE_STREAMS_PRESENT set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.invoker.cache.CachingOperationInvoker#IS_REACTOR_PRESENT set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.invoke.reflect.OperationMethodParameter#jsr305Present set to false at build time
Field org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContext#jstlPresent set to false at build time
[2/7] Performing analysis...  [**********]                                                              (31.4s @ 2.17GB)
  19,409 (93.29%) of 20,804 classes reachable
  30,930 (69.43%) of 44,548 fields reachable
  92,182 (62.72%) of 146,970 methods reachable
     900 classes,   186 fields, and 4,423 methods registered for reflection
      62 classes,    63 fields, and    55 methods registered for JNI access
       5 native libraries: -framework CoreServices, -framework Foundation, dl, pthread, z
[3/7] Building universe...                                                                               (4.5s @ 1.86GB)
[4/7] Parsing methods...      [**]                                                                       (2.7s @ 3.88GB)
[5/7] Inlining methods...     [***]                                                                      (1.2s @ 3.09GB)
[6/7] Compiling methods...    [****]                                                                    (14.2s @ 5.16GB)
[7/7] Creating image...                                                                                 (10.8s @ 2.19GB)
  40.51MB (48.57%) for code area:    59,826 compilation units
  41.92MB (50.27%) for image heap:  420,815 objects and 333 resources
 989.42KB ( 1.16%) for other data
  83.39MB in total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Top 10 packages in code area:                               Top 10 object types in image heap:
   1.70MB sun.security.ssl                                     9.62MB byte[] for code metadata
   1.14MB java.util                                            4.76MB java.lang.Class
 861.22KB java.lang.invoke                                     4.56MB byte[] for embedded resources
 719.13KB com.sun.crypto.provider                              4.14MB java.lang.String
 641.71KB org.apache.tomcat.util.net                           3.99MB byte[] for java.lang.String
 618.96KB kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.impl.metadata            3.25MB byte[] for general heap data
 547.02KB org.apache.catalina.core                             1.63MB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion
 504.85KB java.lang                                            1.10MB byte[] for reflection metadata
 487.28KB java.util.concurrent                               826.16KB java.lang.String[]
 476.73KB sun.security.x509                                  682.73KB c.o.svm.core.hub.DynamicHub$ReflectionMetadata
  32.58MB for 793 more packages                                6.31MB for 3812 more object types
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        4.2s (4.8% of total time) in 45 GCs | Peak RSS: 6.49GB | CPU load: 4.42
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Produced artifacts:
 /Users/xxxx/code/spring-native/build/native/nativeCompile/spring-native (executable)
 /Users/xxxx/code/spring-native/build/native/nativeCompile/spring-native.build_artifacts.txt (txt)
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'spring-native' in 1m 27s.
    [native-image-plugin] Native Image written to: /Users/xxxx/code/spring-native/build/native/nativeCompile

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 1m 51s